Also called:
catchfly

campion, (genus Silene), genus of about 900 species of herbaceous flowering plants of the pink, or carnation, family (Caryophyllaceae). Campions are distributed throughout the world, and several are ornamental rock-garden or border plants.

Physical description

Some species of Silene stand erect; others are spreading or cushion plants. The stems often are covered with a sticky material to which insects may adhere—hence the common name “catchfly,” though the plants are not considered carnivorous. The smooth-edged leaves are arranged opposite each other on the stem. The fruit is a capsule. Some species have solitary flowers; others have branched clusters of red, white, or pink flowers. Each of the five petals has a narrow, stalklike base, sometimes with scales at the junction of the base and the broad upper part.

Major species

Bladder campion (Silene vulgaris) has large, white, drooping flowers, and it has subspecies in different habitats throughout Europe. Many species are cultivated. Maltese Cross, or Jerusalem Cross (S. chalcedonica), has flowers of such a bright scarlet that they can be difficult to integrate into border plantings. Flower-of-Jove (S. flos-jovis) and Caucasian campion, or autumn catchfly (S. schafta), are popular in rock gardens.

Venus's-flytrap. Venus's-flytrap (Dionaea muscipula) one of the best known of the meat-eating plants. Carnivorous plant, Venus flytrap, Venus fly trap
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Plants: From Cute to Carnivorous

African dream root (S. undulata), native to southern Africa, has been used by diviners and shamans to induce prophetic states of lucid dreaming; it is considered sacred by the Xhosa people.

Members of the genus Lychnis are usually included in Silene, though the taxonomy of the groups has been contentious.

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Caryophyllaceae

plant family
Also known as: carnation family, pink family

Caryophyllaceae, the pink, or carnation, family of flowering plants (order Caryophyllales), comprising some 100 genera and 2,200 species. The plants are mainly of north temperate distribution, and a number are cultivated as garden ornamentals and as cut flowers for the floral industry.

Physical description

The members are diverse in appearance and habitat, and they are largely herbaceous annuals and perennials. Most species have swollen leaf and stem joints. The flowers have five sepals and five petals, but it is thought that the latter are in origin modified stamens. There are usually 5 or 10 stamens, with an ovary borne above them. The ovules are borne in the centre of the ovary, and there are usually no walls dividing the ovary cavity. The five sepals are joined, forming a tube, in Silene and its relatives.

Major genera and species

The largest genus of the family is Silene, known commonly as campion or catchfly. It comprises some 900 species distributed throughout the world. Several are ornamental rock-garden or border plants, including the showy bladder campion (S. vulgaris).

Venus's-flytrap. Venus's-flytrap (Dionaea muscipula) one of the best known of the meat-eating plants. Carnivorous plant, Venus flytrap, Venus fly trap
Britannica Quiz
Plants: From Cute to Carnivorous

Most valued horticulturally is the genus Dianthus, commonly known as pinks. Notable members include the carnation (D. caryophyllus), commonly cultivated by florists and also grown in Europe for use in perfumes; sweet William (D. barbatus), an old-fashioned garden flower; and the cottage, or grass, pink (D. plumarius). See also baby’s breath; campion; chickweed.

Several of the 150 species of the genus Gypsophila are important to the floral industry for their small misty flowers known as baby’s breath.

The genus Stellaria, with about 100 species, includes the common chickweed, or stitchwort (S. media), a widely naturalized lawn weed.

Other important genera include sandwort (Arenaria), Cerastium (about 200 species), and soapwort (Saponaria; 40 species).

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The Editors of Encyclopaedia BritannicaThis article was most recently revised and updated by Melissa Petruzzello.
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