magnolia
magnolia, (genus Magnolia), genus of about 225 species of trees and shrubs of the family Magnoliaceae native to North and South America, the Himalayas, and East Asia. They are valued for their large and fragrant white, yellow, pink, or purple flowers and frequently handsome leaves and unusual fruits. Some are important garden ornamentals; others are local timber sources.
Physical description
Magnolia plants can be evergreen or deciduous and bear alternate smooth-margined leaves. The flowers, usually cuplike and fragrant, are located at the branch tips and have three sepals, six to 12 petals arranged in two to four series, and many spirally arranged stamens. The numerous simple ovaries in the centre later form a conelike fruit known as an aggregate of follicles. Each follicle of the fruit bears a single seed. The seeds, usually reddish, often hang pendulously by slender threads.
Major species
Some of the more popular species, native to North America and relatively hardy and deciduous trees unless otherwise noted, are: laurel, also called southern magnolia or sweet bay (Magnolia grandiflora), a 31-metre (102-foot) evergreen with thick shining leaves; sweet bay (M. virginiana), 19 metres (62 feet) tall with leathery leaves; big-leaf magnolia (M. macrophylla), 15 metres (50 feet) tall with purple-based blooms; umbrella tree (M. tripetala), 12 metres (40 feet) tall with leaves 60 cm (2 feet) long that are sometimes used as rain shields; cucumber tree (M. acuminata), a 30-metre (100-foot) tree with cucumber-shaped rosy fruits; and Thompson’s magnolia (M. ×thompsoniana), a hybrid between the umbrella tree and the laurel magnolia with fragrant blooms that have a spicy odour.
Well-known Asian species of the genus Magnolia include lily magnolia (M. liliiflora), a 4-metre (13-foot) shrubby tree that has purple blossoms with white interiors and brownish fruits; yulan magnolia (M. denudata), a 60-metre (nearly 200-foot) tree; saucer magnolia (M. ×soulangeana), a gray-barked hybrid between the lily magnolia and the yulan magnolia, which has flowers that may be white, pink, crimson, or purplish; Oyama magnolia (M. sieboldii), a 9-metre (30-foot) tree with crimson fruits; and star magnolia (M. stellata), of similar height with spidery flowers.