identity of indiscernibles

identity of indiscernibles, principle enunciated by G.W. Leibniz that denies the possibility of two objects being numerically distinct while sharing all their properties in common. More formally, the principle states that if x is not identical to y, then there is some property P such that P holds of x and does not hold of y, or that P holds of y and does not hold of x. Equivalently, if x and y share all their properties, then x is identical to y. Its converse, the principle of the indiscernibility of identicals (also known as Leibniz’s Law), asserts that if x is identical to y, then every property of x is a property of y, and vice versa. Leibniz used the principle of the identity of indiscernibles in arguments for a variety of metaphysical doctrines, including the impossibility of Newtonian absolute space.