open-system pingo

geology

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characteristics

  • pingo
    In pingo

    …types of pingos are recognized: open-system and closed-system.

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permafrost

  • Taymyr Peninsula
    In permafrost: Pingos

    The open-system type is generally smaller and forms on slopes when water beneath or within the permafrost penetrates the permafrost under hydrostatic pressure. A hydrolaccolith (water mound) forms and freezes, heaving the overlying frozen and unfrozen ground to produce a mound.

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