overburden

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Iraqi Army Soldiers from the 9th Mechanized Division learning to operate and maintain M1A1 Abrams Main Battle Tanks at Besmaya Combat Training Center, Baghdad, Iraq, 2011. Military training. Iraq war. U.S. Army

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A Factory Interior, watercolor, pen and gray ink, graphite, and white goache on wove paper by unknown artist, c. 1871-91; in the Yale Center for British Art. Industrial Revolution England

Inventors and Inventions of the Industrial Revolution

Diverse elementary school children wearing school uniforms running outside of school. Boys girls

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Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519), Italian Renaissance painter from Florence. Engraving by Cosomo Colombini (d. 1812) after a Leonardo self portrait. Ca. 1500.

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Thumbnail for flags that look alike quiz Russia, Slovenia, Iceland, Norway

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Los Angeles Police Department wanted flyer on Elizabeth Short, aka the "Black Dahlia," who was brutally murdered in January 1947. The FBI supported the Los Angeles Police Department in the case, including by identifying Short through her fingerprints that

America’s 5 Most Notorious Cold Cases (Including One You May Have Thought Was Already Solved)

Thanksgiving Turkey with all the sides

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overburden

geology

Also known as: capping

Learn about this topic in these articles:

contour strip mining

In coal mining: Contour strip mining
…method consists of removing the overburden above the coal seam and then, starting at the outcrop and proceeding along the hillside, creating a bench around the hill. In the past, the blasted overburden spoil was simply shoved down the hill; currently, soil is either carried down the mountain to fill…
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production of metamorphic rock

In metamorphic rock: Reactions in a kaolinite-quartz system
…load on top, known as overburden. At the same time, the temperature will increase because of radioactive heating within the sediment and heat flow from deeper levels within Earth.
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removal in surface mining

In coal mining: Shovels and trucks
Overburden removal is the most important operation in the system. When the haul distances are small (for example, 500 to 1,000 metres) and the overburden material soft, a fleet of scrapers can load, haul, and dump the overburden. Where distances are very small (for example,…
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