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Io, in Jupiter's shadow, photographed by the Galileo spacecraft on May 6, 1997. The relative brightnesses of Io's features are enhanced with added colour, red being the most intense, yellow-green moderate, and blue the faintest. Small red and yellow-green spots are probably lava flows or lakes, while the bright area extending from Io's left limb corresponds to the plume from the volcano Prometheus. The diffuse glow on the right limb also has plumelike characteristics.

Volcanic plumes on IoSeen from a distance of about 600,000 km (373,000 miles), a number of volcanoes, lava flows, and sulfur dioxide frost plains are visible on Io's surface. This image shows the eruption of two volcanic plumes: Pillan Patera, on the satellite's limb (shown in detail in the upper inset), and Prometheus, near the terminator (shown in detail in the lower inset). Prometheus has been observed since 1979; Pillan Patera (named for the Araucanian god of thunder, fire, and volcanoes) erupted in mid-1997. The images were taken by the Galileo spacecraft on June 28, 1997.

Figure 27: The development of aulacogens, plumes, and plume traces during the separation of two continents. Here, the process is shown in two stages.

Figure 7: Hot-spot volcanoes may be formed by deep mantle plumes generated by slow convection currents.

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plume

geology

Also known as: mantle plume

Learn about this topic in these articles:

aquatic ecosystems

In marine ecosystem: Seasonal cycles of production
…can result in nutrient-rich turbid plumes (i.e., estuarine or riverine plumes) that extend into waters of the continental shelf. Changes in production, therefore, may depend on the season, the proximity to fresh water, and the timing and location of upwelling, currents, and patterns of reproduction.
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formation of volcanic islands

In valley: Valley evolution in Hawaii
…away from a stationary mantle plume (rising jet of partially molten rock material) located at the southern tip of Hawaii.
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plate tectonics

In plate tectonics: Hotspots
…giant plumes of heat, termed mantle plumes, that ascend from deep within the mantle, possibly from the core-mantle boundary, some 2,900 km (1,800 miles) below the surface. These plumes are thought to be stationary relative to the lithospheric plates that move over them. A volcano builds upon the surface of…
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