poisoning

Poisoning involves four elements: the poison, the poisoned organism, the injury to the cells, and the symptoms and signs or death. These four elements represent the cause, subject, effect, and consequence of poisoning. To initiate the poisoning, the organism is exposed to the toxic chemical.…

…to determine the presence of poisons and other potentially toxic agents in blood, urine, or other bodily substances. Toxicology is the study of poisons—their action, their detection, and the treatment of conditions they produce. Many substances are toxic only at high concentrations. For example, lithium is used to

…because of his understanding of poisons. Indeed, in the 13th and 14th centuries, most trials for “witchcraft” involved deaths attributed to malevolent magic but which were probably caused by poisoning. In a famous case in 1324 in Ireland, Lady Alice Kyteller was charged with performing magical rites, having sexual intercourse…