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supernova remnant
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Detail of the Cygnus Loop.This nebula is the product of a supernova explosion; in this section, the blast wave has encountered an area of dense interstellar gas, creating turbulence in the wave and causing it to glow. The picture is a composite of three images taken by the Hubble Space Telescope. Supernova 1987A N132D, remnants of a supernova in the Large Magellanic Cloud, as observed by the Hubble Space Telescope. The Crab Nebula (M1, NGC 1952) in the constellation Taurus is a gaseous remnant of the galactic supernova of 1054 ce. The nebula, 6,500 light-years away, is expanding at 1,100 km (700 miles) per second. Veil Nebula (NGC 6992) in the constellation CygnusIt glows as it collides with dust and gas in interstellar space. Blue light is emitted from the hot leading edge of the nebula, where the most energetic collisions occur; the red glow is from hydrogen in the cooler gas. A small part of the Cygnus Loop supernova remnant, which marks the edge of an expanding blast wave from an enormous stellar explosion that occurred about 10,000 years ago. The remnant is located in the constellation Cygnus, the Swan. Cassiopeia A supernova remnant, in a false-colour composite image synthesized from observations gathered in different spectral regions by three space-based observatories. Red areas, representing infrared data from the Spitzer Space Telescope, highlight warm dust in the remnant's outer shell. Yellow areas, representing visible-light data collected by the Hubble Space Telescope, show delicate filamentary structures made of warmer gases. Green and blue areas are X-ray data from the Chandra X-ray Observatory and reveal hot gas that was created when ejected material from the supernova collided at very high velocity with the surrounding gas and dust. Tycho's Nova
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Also known as: SNR
Written by
John S. Mathis
Professor of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison.
John S. Mathis
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Veil Nebula (NGC 6992) in the constellation CygnusIt glows as it collides with dust and gas in interstellar space. Blue light is emitted from the hot leading edge of the nebula, where the most energetic collisions occur; the red glow is from hydrogen in the cooler gas.
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Veil Nebula (NGC 6992) in the constellation CygnusIt glows as it collides with dust and gas in interstellar space. Blue light is emitted from the hot leading edge of the nebula, where the most energetic collisions occur; the red glow is from hydrogen in the cooler gas.
A small part of the Cygnus Loop supernova remnant, which marks the edge of an expanding blast wave from an enormous stellar explosion that occurred about 10,000 years ago. The remnant is located in the constellation Cygnus, the Swan.
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A small part of the Cygnus Loop supernova remnant, which marks the edge of an expanding blast wave from an enormous stellar explosion that occurred about 10,000 years ago. The remnant is located in the constellation Cygnus, the Swan.

The best-observed old supernova remnant is the Cygnus Loop (or the Veil Nebula), a beautiful filamentary object roughly in the form of a circular arc in Cygnus. Its patchiness is striking: the loop consists of a series of wisps rather than a continuous cloud of gas. The most likely interpretation of this patchiness is that the interstellar medium into which the shock wave is propagating contains small clouds of denser material; many lines of reasoning from other evidence lead to the same result. The present speed of the filaments is about 100 km per second; the approximate age of the Cygnus Loop is 10,000 years.

John S. Mathis
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