library: Other national collections: The Dutch Royal Library in The Hague was founded in 1798, and it, too, is the centre of a well-developed interlibrary loan system. Because the unification of Italy in the 19th century brought together many city-states that had major libraries, the country has a number of…

horsetail: Common scouring rush (E. hyemale), occurring in moist woods and on riverbanks, reaches well over a metre in height. The evergreen shoots often were used for scouring pots and pans in earlier times.

furniture: Fixed and mechanical tables: …a tabletop is the so-called Dutch system, known since the 17th century from Dutch engravings and paintings, in which the extension leaves, when pulled, slide out on sloping runners. When the leaves have been fully extended, the top is lifted and then dropped into place. The table height remains the…

Dutch War, (1672–78), the second war of conquest by Louis XIV of France, whose chief aim in the conflict was to establish French possession of the Spanish Netherlands after having forced the Dutch Republic’s acquiescence. The Third Anglo-Dutch War (1672–74) formed part of this general war. After

Dutch ware, principally tin-enameled earthenware, with some porcelain, manufactured in the Netherlands since the end of the 16th century. The earliest pottery wares were painted in the style of Italian majolica with high-temperature colours and are usually called Netherlands majolica. In the early

Anglo-Dutch Wars, four 17th- and 18th-century naval conflicts between England and the Dutch Republic. The first three wars, stemming from commercial rivalry, established England’s naval might, and the last, arising from Dutch interference in the American Revolution, spelled the end of the

Yinka Shonibare: …is his use of so-called Dutch wax-printed fabric, produced by means of a batiklike technique. Exported from the Netherlands and elsewhere in Europe in the late 19th century, the brightly coloured patterned fabric was meant to imitate Indonesian cloth and was enthusiastically adopted in West Africa, so this inauthentic Indonesian…

Dutch West India Company, Dutch trading company, founded in 1621 mainly to carry on economic warfare against Spain and Portugal by striking at their colonies in the West Indies and South America and on the west coast of Africa. While attaining its greatest success against the Portuguese in Brazil

crocus: Major species: Dutch yellow crocus (C. flavus), from stony slopes in southeastern Europe, is another popular spring species, as is C. biflorus, tinged purple and with yellow throat, sometimes striped, from the Mediterranean.

Dutchess, county, southeastern New York state, U.S., bounded by Connecticut to the east and the Hudson River to the west. The land rises from the Hudson valley to the Taconic Range along the Connecticut border and is drained by the Tenmile River and Fishkill, Wappinger, and Little Wappinger creeks.

cocoa: Dutch process: Dutch-process cocoa powders and chocolate liquors are treated at the nib, liquor, or powder stage. The treatment is frequently referred to as “Dutching” because the process, first applied by C.J. van Houten in the Netherlands, was introduced as “Dutch cocoa.” In this alkalizing…

Dutchman, one-act drama by Amiri Baraka, produced and published in 1964 under the playwright’s original name LeRoi Jones. Dutchman presents a stylized encounter that illustrates hatred between blacks and whites in America as well as the political and psychological conflicts facing black American

Dutchman’s breeches, (Dicentra cucullaria), herbaceous plant of the poppy family (Papaveraceae) named for its sprays of tremulous, yellow-tipped white flowers that fancifully resemble the wide-legged, traditional pantaloons worn by Dutch men. The plant is native throughout eastern and midwestern

navigation: Distance and speed measurements: …the speed is the so-called Dutchman’s log, in which a floating object, the log, was dropped overboard from the bow of the ship; the time elapsing before it passed the stern was counted off by the navigator, who kept it in sight while walking the length of the vessel. This…

Dutchman’s-pipe, (Aristolochia durior), climbing vine of the birthwort family (Aristolochiaceae), native to central and eastern North America. The heart-shaped or kidney-shaped leaves are about 15 to 35 cm (about 6 to 14 inches) wide. The yellowish brown or purplish brown tubular flowers resemble a

Western architecture: Construction in iron and glass: … (at the 1889 exhibition) by Ferdinand Dutert and Victor Contamin, a series of three-hinged trussed arches sprang from small points across a huge space, 385 feet (117 metres) long and 150 feet (45 metres) high. Similar spaces had already been created in railway stations in England such as St. Pancras,…

Rodrigo Duterte is a Filipino politician who was president of the Philippines from 2016 to 2022. Duterte’s father served as governor of the province of Davao, and his mother was a community activist who had a prominent role in the “people power” movement that deposed the authoritarian president

Rodrigo Duterte is a Filipino politician who was president of the Philippines from 2016 to 2022. Duterte’s father served as governor of the province of Davao, and his mother was a community activist who had a prominent role in the “people power” movement that deposed the authoritarian president

Bahya ben Joseph ibn Pakuda: An English translation, Duties of the Heart (1925–47; reprinted 1962), was completed by Moses Hyamson.

Henri Dutilleux was a French composer who produced a relatively small body of carefully crafted compositions that were frequently performed outside France, particularly in Great Britain and the United States. Dutilleux was born into a creative family that had produced painters and musicians. He was

Henri Dutilleux was a French composer who produced a relatively small body of carefully crafted compositions that were frequently performed outside France, particularly in Great Britain and the United States. Dutilleux was born into a creative family that had produced painters and musicians. He was

Wang Fuzhi: His best-known studies are the Dutongjian lun (“Commentary on Reading the Comprehensive Mirror” of Sima Guang) and the Song lun (“Commentary on the Song”), in which he clearly demonstrated the differences between the institutions of ancient China that were sanctified in the Confucian Classics and the institutions of the Chinese…

Eurico Gaspar Dutra was a soldier and president of Brazil (1945–50), whose administration was noted for its restoration of constitutional democracy. Dutra was commissioned a second lieutenant in the cavalry in 1910 and received routine assignments and promotions for the next 22 years. He

Henri Dutrochet was a French physiologist who discovered and named the phenomenon of osmosis (the passage of solvent through a semipermeable membrane) and was the first to recognize the importance of green pigment in the use of carbon dioxide by plant cells. Dutrochet studied medicine in Paris

Henri Dutrochet was a French physiologist who discovered and named the phenomenon of osmosis (the passage of solvent through a semipermeable membrane) and was the first to recognize the importance of green pigment in the use of carbon dioxide by plant cells. Dutrochet studied medicine in Paris

Marc Dutroux is a Belgian serial killer whose case provoked outrage at the lax response of law enforcement agencies. So intense was the public’s reaction that more than one-third of Belgians with the surname Dutroux changed their names. Dutroux had a lengthy record as a juvenile delinquent and

Dutse, market town, capital of Jigawa state, northern Nigeria. It lies north of the road between Kano city and Birnin Kudu. The undulating relief of the area is covered by Sudan savanna. Dutse became the capital of Jigawa state in 1991 when Jigawa was split off from Kano state. Livestock herding is

Birnin Kudu: …known as the site of Dutsen Habude, a cave containing Neolithic paintings of cattle (which bear strong resemblance to some found in the central Sahara) and rock gongs believed to be more than 2,000 years old. It is a collecting point for peanuts (groundnuts), which are sent to Kano city…

Sunil Dutt was an Indian actor, producer, director, social activist, and politician who was especially known for his several acting roles as a dacoit (member of an armed gang of bandits). While he continued to act until the time of his death, he assumed other offscreen roles in the film industry

Guru Dutt was a Hindi motion-picture producer, director, writer, and actor, whose mastery of such elements as mood and lighting in a group of melodramas made him one of the best-known and most-accomplished stylists of Bollywood’s golden age. Educated in Calcutta (now Kolkata), Dutt trained at Uday

Michael Madhusudan Datta was a poet and dramatist, the first great poet of modern Bengali literature. Datta was a dynamic, erratic personality and an original genius of a high order. He was educated at the Hindu College, Calcutta, the cultural home of the Western-educated Bengali middle class. In

Vivekananda was a Hindu spiritual leader and reformer in India who attempted to combine Indian spirituality with Western material progress, maintaining that the two supplemented and complemented one another. His Absolute was a person’s own higher self; to labour for the benefit of humanity was the

India: Reforms of the British Liberals: …Congress Party leaders, such as Romesh Chunder Dutt (1848–1909), and overriding the bitter opposition of not only the ICS but also his own viceroy and council. Morley believed, as did many other British Liberal politicians, that the only justification for British rule over India was to bequeath to the government…

Sunil Dutt was an Indian actor, producer, director, social activist, and politician who was especially known for his several acting roles as a dacoit (member of an armed gang of bandits). While he continued to act until the time of his death, he assumed other offscreen roles in the film industry

Utpal Dutt was an Indian actor, director, and writer who was a radical figure in Bengali theatre and cinema for more than 40 years. Dutt was educated in Calcutta, where he founded the Calcutta Little Theatre Group in 1947. He twice toured with the Shakespearean International Theatre Company

Duṭṭhagāmaṇī was a king of Sri Lanka who is remembered as a national hero for temporarily ending the domination of the Indian Tamil Hindus over the Sinhalese, most of whom were Buddhist. Though a historical figure, details of his life have become indistinguishable from myth, adding uncertainty to

Robert Altman: 1980s and ’90s of Robert Altman: colourful casts—Glenn Close, Julianne Moore, Charles S. Dutton, Liv Tyler, Ned Beatty, Lyle Lovett, and Patricia Neal.

Clarence Edward Dutton was an American geologist and pioneer seismologist who developed and named the principle of isostasy. According to this principle, the level of the Earth’s crust is determined by its density; lighter material rises, forming continents, mountains, and plateaus, and heavier

Malcolm Turnbull: …Party from Home Affairs minister Peter Dutton. Turnbull survived a vote of 48 to 35, and Dutton chose to leave the cabinet, but Turnbull’s command of the party’s loyalty appeared tenuous. Moreover, in April 2018 the Liberal Party had finished second to Labor for the 30th consecutive time in party…

Tammuz: …and his mother, the goddess Duttur, was a personification of the ewe. His own name, Dumu-zid, and two variant designations for him, Ama-ga (Mother Milk) and U-lu-lu (Multiplier of Pasture), suggest that he actually was the power for everything that a shepherd might wish for: grass to come up in…

Duṭṭhagāmaṇī was a king of Sri Lanka who is remembered as a national hero for temporarily ending the domination of the Indian Tamil Hindus over the Sinhalese, most of whom were Buddhist. Though a historical figure, details of his life have become indistinguishable from myth, adding uncertainty to

applied logic: Deontic logic and the logic of agency: …concepts include the notions of obligation (“ought”), permission (“may”), and prohibition (“must not”), and related concepts. The contemporary study of deontic logic was founded in 1951 by G.H. von Wright after the failure of an earlier attempt by Ernst Mally.

tariff, tax levied upon goods as they cross national boundaries, usually by the government of the importing country. The words tariff, duty, and customs can be used interchangeably. Tariffs may be levied either to raise revenue or to protect domestic industries, but a tariff designed primarily to

mass spectrometry: Resonance photoionization: …pulsed lasers with very short duty cycles, however, making efficient sample use difficult. (The duty cycle is the ratio of the number of atoms irradiated in a given volume to the total number of atoms entering that volume.) For further discussion, see spectroscopy: Resonance-ionization spectroscopy.

stand-your-ground laws: …laws, other states mandate the duty to retreat, which calls for a person in a dangerous situation to attempt to exit it instead of or before responding with force. In these states, if the threatened individuals had a reasonably safe means of escape from the situation and did not take…

duoviri, in ancient Rome, a magistracy of two men. Duoviri perduellionis were two judges, selected by the chief magistrate, who tried cases of crime against the state. Duoviri navales, at first appointed but later popularly elected (311–178 bc), had charge of a fleet. The two chief magistrates of

duoviri, in ancient Rome, a magistracy of two men. Duoviri perduellionis were two judges, selected by the chief magistrate, who tried cases of crime against the state. Duoviri navales, at first appointed but later popularly elected (311–178 bc), had charge of a fleet. The two chief magistrates of

Olav Duun was a novelist who is one of the outstanding writers of 20th-century Norwegian fiction. Duun, a former cattle herder and fisherman, entered a teacher’s college at age 26. He worked as a teacher in Holmestrand on the Oslo Fjord until 1927, when he retired to devote himself to writing. His

Claude Duval was a celebrated Norman-born highwayman of Restoration England, popularized as a gallant cavalier. Duval entered domestic service in Paris when he was 14 and made friends with the English exiles in Paris who were waiting for the Restoration; when Charles II returned to England in 1660,

British Open: History: …including Paul Lawrie in 1999, David Duval in 2001, Ben Curtis in 2003, and Padraig Harrington in 2007.

Charles Baudelaire: Early life: …South Seas that Baudelaire met Jeanne Duval, who, first as his mistress and then, after the mid-1850s, as his financial charge, was to dominate his life for the next 20 years. Jeanne would inspire Baudelaire’s most anguished and sensual love poetry, her perfume and, above all, her magnificent flowing black…

comic strip: The 19th century: …Ross, it was his wife, Marie Duval (pseudonym of the French actress Emilie de Tessier), Europe’s first (and still obstinately unrecognized) professional woman cartoonist, who developed the character Ally Sloper. Featured in roughly 130 strips in Judy—an imitator of Punch magazine—and in albums published separately between 1869 and the 1880s,…

François Duvalier was the president of Haiti whose 14-year regime was of unprecedented duration in that country. Duvalier graduated in 1934 from the University of Haiti School of Medicine, where he served as a hospital staff physician until 1943, when he became prominently active in the

Jean-Claude Duvalier was the president of Haiti from 1971 to 1986. The only son of François (“Papa Doc”) Duvalier, Jean-Claude succeeded his father as president for life in April 1971, becoming at age 19 the youngest president in the world. Partly because of pressure from the United States to

Gabriel Duvall was an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (1811–35). Duvall, the great-grandson of Marin (Mareen) Du Val (Duval), a merchant and wealthy planter who emigrated to Maryland from Nantes in the mid-17th century, was the sixth child of Benjamin Duvall and Susanna

Robert Duvall is an American actor noted for his ability to quietly inhabit any characters, particularly average working people, bringing them fully but subtly to life. In the words of critic Elaine Mancini, Duvall is “the most technically proficient, the most versatile, and the most convincing

Robert Duvall is an American actor noted for his ability to quietly inhabit any characters, particularly average working people, bringing them fully but subtly to life. In the words of critic Elaine Mancini, Duvall is “the most technically proficient, the most versatile, and the most convincing

Annie Hall: …a date with Pam (Shelley Duvall), but when they are in bed together, Annie calls Alvy to tell him that there is an emergency. Alvy goes to Annie to deal with the crisis (two spiders in her bathroom), and they reconcile.

dew: …Leick’s plates are weighed, whereas Duvdevani’s gauge involves the use of an optical dew scale. Other investigators developed recording dew balances whose surface and exposure conform with the surrounding surface as far as possible. It is by means of such dew balances that one can best observe the phenomenon of…

Christian René de Duve was a Belgian cytologist and biochemist who discovered lysosomes (the digestive organelles of the cell) and peroxisomes (organelles that are the site of metabolic processes involving hydrogen peroxide). For this work he shared the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in

Joseph Duveen, Baron Duveen of Millbank was a British international art dealer who wielded enormous influence on art tastes in his time, especially in the United States. The son of Sir Joseph Joel Duveen, of Dutch-Jewish descent, who established the family art business in London in 1877, Duveen

Frank Duveneck was an American painter, sculptor, and art teacher who helped awaken American interest in European naturalism. At age 21 Duveneck studied in Germany with Wilhelm Dietz at the Munich Academy and was greatly influenced by the works of Frans Hals, Rembrandt, and Peter Paul Rubens. His

political science: Post-World War II trends and debates: …generalization was later called “Duverger’s law.” The French sociologist Michel Crozier’s The Bureaucratic Phenomenon (1964) found that Weber’s idealized bureaucracy is quite messy, political, and varied. Each bureaucracy is a political subculture; what is rational and routine in one bureau may be quite different in another. Crozier thus influenced…

political science: Post-World War II trends and debates: The French political scientist Maurice Duverger’s Political Parties (1951) is still highly regarded, not only for its classification of parties but also for its linking of party systems with electoral systems. Duverger argued that single-member-district electoral systems that require only a plurality to win election tend to produce two-party…

Jean Duvergier de Hauranne, abbé de Saint-Cyran was a French abbot of Saint-Cyran and a founder of the Jansenist movement. His opposition to Cardinal de Richelieu’s policies caused his imprisonment. Duvergier studied theology at Leuven (Louvain), Belg., then settled in Paris after taking holy

Ava DuVernay is an American director, producer, and writer whose film and television projects explore the African American experience. Among her best-known works are the film Selma (2014), the documentary 13th (2016), and the miniseries When They See Us (2019). DuVernay was the first African

Voltaire: Life with Mme du Châtelet: …fortune through the manipulations of Joseph Pâris Duverney, the financier in charge of military supplies, who was favoured by Mme de Pompadour. In this ambience of well-being, he began a liaison with his niece Mme Denis, a charming widow, without breaking off his relationship with Mme du Châtelet.

Jean Duvet was a French engraver whose style and subject matter had roots in the Middle Ages and in Florentine Mannerism and foreshadowed the highly charged work of late 16th-century France. He painted religious and mystical works at a time when his contemporaries were predominantly concerned with

Henri Duveyrier was a French explorer of the Sahara whose observations of the Tuareg people contributed to African ethnology. His explorations, which took him from Morocco to Tunisia through the region south of the Atlas Mountains, also were useful in the development of plans for French colonial

medal: The Baroque period: …century, especially the work of Benjamin Duvivier (1728–1819) for King Louis XVI, combined Rococo elegance with realism. Duvivier’s work included commissions from the U.S. Congress. The Napoleonic regime ordered an elaborate Histoire métallique. The Duvivier era saw the introduction of steam-powered presses for coin and medal making, perfected by the…

Julien Duvivier was a motion-picture director who emerged as one of the “Big Five” of the French cinema in the 1930s. Duvivier’s use of “poetic realism,” which characterized the works of the avant-garde filmmakers of that decade, won him international acclaim. Duvivier, who was educated at a Jesuit

history of Central Asia: Mongol rule: …1301, however, the Chagataid khan Duwa hastened to make peace with his Mongol kin in both Iran and China.

Al-Duwaym, city, central Sudan. It lies on the western bank of the White Nile River, about 87 miles (140 km) southwest of Wad Madanī, located at an elevation of 1,253 feet (382 metres). It is an agricultural centre for the surrounding area, which produces cotton, cereals, oilseeds, peanuts

Kazakhstan: Cultural life: …along with Aliqan Nūrmuhambet Bokeyqan-ulï, Mir Jaqib Duwlat-ulï, and, later, Maghjan Jumabay-ulï, represented the cream of Kazakh modernism in literature, publishing, and cultural politics in the reformist decades before Sovietization set in after 1920. All these figures disappeared into Soviet prisons and never returned, as a result of Joseph Stalin’s…

duke, Duke and Duchess equivalentsa European title of nobility, having ordinarily the highest rank below a prince or king (except in countries having such titles as archduke or grand duke). It is one of the five ranks of British nobility and peerage, which, in descending order, are duke, marquess,

Duxbury, town (township), Plymouth county, eastern Massachusetts, U.S. It lies on Duxbury Bay (an inlet of Cape Cod Bay), 33 miles (53 km) south of Boston, and includes the villages of Duxbury and South Duxbury. Settled about 1628, it counts among its founders the Pilgrim colonists Myles Standish,

Duy Tan was the emperor of Vietnam from 1907 to 1916 and symbol of the Vietnamese anticolonialist movement against the French before and during World War I; he became an officer and decorated hero in the French army during World War II. Vinh San was the son of Emperor Thanh Thai, who was deposed by

Evert Augustus Duyckinck was an American biographer, editor, and critic who with such works as the two-volume Cyclopaedia of American Literature (1855, supplement 1866), written with his younger brother George Long Duyckinck (1823–63), focused scholarly attention on American writing and contributed

Duyun, city, central Guizhou sheng (province), southern China. It is situated on the Jian River, some 60 miles (100 km) southeast of the provincial capital of Guiyang. Duyun is a transport centre, with a highway route running eastward into Hunan province and a main route, followed by a highway and

China: The chief councillors: … (reigned 1224/25–1264) and his successor Duzong (reigned 1264/65–1274) indulged excessively in pleasure, though much of it was carefully concealed from the public. Shortly after the death of Shi Miyuan, the role of chief councillor went to Jia Sidao, who, though he was denounced in history, actually deserves much credit. He…

Mādhyamika: …the Middle Way”) and the Dvādasá-dvāra-śāstra (“Twelve Gates Treatise”) by Nāgārjuna and the Śataka-śāstra (“One Hundred Verses Treatise”), attributed to his pupil Āryadeva.

Maxim Gorky: First stories: “Dvadtsat shest i odna” (1899; “Twenty-Six Men and a Girl”), describing the sweated labour conditions in a bakery, is often regarded as his best short story. So great was the success of these works that Gorky’s reputation quickly soared, and he began to be spoken…

Dvaita, an important school in Vedanta, one of the six philosophical systems (darshans) of Indian philosophy. Its founder was Madhva, also called Anandatirtha (c. 1199–1278), who came from the area of modern Karnataka state, where he still has many followers. Already during his lifetime, Madhva was

chronology: Eras based on astronomical speculation: …the three others, the Tretā, Dvāpara, and Kali yugas. The respective durations of these four yugas were 1,728,000, 1,296,000, 864,000, and 432,000 years. According to the astronomer Aryabhata, however, the duration of each of the four yugas was the same—i.e., 1,080,000 years. The basic figures in these calculations were derived…

Dwarka, town, southwestern Gujarat state, west-central India. It lies on the western shore of the Okhamandal Peninsula, a small western extension of the Kathiawar Peninsula. Dwarka was the legendary capital of the god Krishna, who founded it after his flight from Mathura. Its consequent sanctity

Dvaravati, ancient kingdom of Southeast Asia that flourished from the 6th to the late 11th century. It was the first Mon kingdom established in what is now Thailand and played an important role as a propagator of Indian culture. Situated in the lower Chao Phraya River valley, Dvaravati extended

Dwarka, town, southwestern Gujarat state, west-central India. It lies on the western shore of the Okhamandal Peninsula, a small western extension of the Kathiawar Peninsula. Dwarka was the legendary capital of the god Krishna, who founded it after his flight from Mathura. Its consequent sanctity

The Dwarf, novel by Pär Lagerkvist, published in Swedish in 1944 as Dvärgen. Set during the Italian Renaissance and cast in the form of a journal, it is a study of the psychology of evil. The narrator, Piccoline, always referred to as “the Dwarf,” is a minor retainer at the court of an Italian

Burdwan: The Damodar Valley Corporation provides irrigation, industrial power supply, and flood control. Rice, corn (maize), legumes, and oilseeds are the chief crops in the east. Pop. (2001) city, 285,602; (2011) city, 314,265.

DVD, type of optical disc used for data storage and as a platform for multimedia. Its most prominent commercial application is for playing back recorded motion pictures and television programs (hence the designation “digital video disc”), though read-only, recordable, and even erasable and

Television in the United States: The new technologies: …HDTV set for use with DVD players and video-gaming devices. As the decade progressed, however, more and more television programming was being produced in high definition, and more stations were upgrading their facilities to be able to broadcast in HD. For all the advances in Internet technologies, Nielsen ratings data…

Television in the United States: The new technologies: …HDTV set for use with DVD players and video-gaming devices. As the decade progressed, however, more and more television programming was being produced in high definition, and more stations were upgrading their facilities to be able to broadcast in HD. For all the advances in Internet technologies, Nielsen ratings data…

Ivan Semenovich Peresvetov: In 1549 he presented his Two Books (Dve Knigi) to Tsar Ivan IV the Terrible. These works were ostensibly an account of the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople by Sultan Mehmed II but actually provided a covert, allegorical denunciation of the privileges still enjoyed by the boyars. Peresvetov’s support of the…

Fyodor Abramov: Two sequels were Dve zimy i tri leta (1968; Two Winters and Three Summers) and Puti-pereputya (1973; “Paths and Crossroads”). This saga of peasant life was collected under the title Pryasliny (1974; “The Pryaslins”), concluding with a fourth novel, Dom (1978; “The House”).

Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Blok: …novel in verse Dvenadtsat (1918; The Twelve) and the poem “Skify” (1918; “The Scythians”). Many early readers of The Twelve regarded its depiction of Christ in revolutionary Petrograd as blasphemous, but through it Blok expressed vividly the mood of the time. He quickly became disillusioned with the Bolshevik government, however,…

Ilf and Petrov: …their collaboration, Dvenadtsat stulyev (The Twelve Chairs), a rollicking picaresque novel of farcical adventures within a framework of telling satire on Soviet life during the New Economic Policy (NEP) period. The work was an instant success, and its rogue-hero—the irrepressible Ostap Bender—became overnight, and remained, one of the most…

dwarf, an individual who is much below the ordinary stature or size for his ethnic group or species. (For the physiology of dwarf human beings, see dwarfism. See also Pygmy.) In Teutonic and especially Scandinavian mythology and folklore, the term dwarf (Old Norse: dvergr) denoted a species of

dvija, in the Hindu social system, members of the three upper varnas, or social classes—the Brahmans (priests and teachers), Kshatriyas (warriors), and Vaishyas (merchants)—whose sacrament of initiation is regarded as a second or spiritual birth. The initiation ceremony (upanayana) invests the male

Armenian Apostolic Church: In 506 at the Council of Dvin, the Armenian church rejected the ruling of the Council of Chalcedon (451) that the one person of Jesus Christ consists of two natures, one divine and one human. The Armenian church was one of several Eastern churches that confessed the Christological formula…

Western Dvina River, major river of Latvia and northern Belarus. It rises in the Valdai Hills and flows 632 miles (1,020 km) in a great arc south and southwest through Russia and Belarus and then turns northwest prior to crossing Latvia. It discharges into the Gulf of Riga on the Baltic Sea. Its