East African Rift System, one of the most extensive rifts on Earth’s surface, extending from Jordan in southwestern Asia southward through eastern Africa to Mozambique. The system is some 4,000 miles (6,400 km) long and averages 30–40 miles (48–64 km) wide. The system consists of two branches. The

trypanosomiasis: East African, or Rhodesian, sleeping sickness is an acute form of the disease caused by the subspecies T. brucei rhodesiense. West African, or Gambian, trypanosomiasis is a slower-developing chronic form of the disease caused by T. brucei gambiense. Both organisms can eventually invade the brain,…

The Standard, English-language daily newspaper published in Nairobi, Kenya. It was established in Mombasa in 1902 as a weekly, the African Standard, by A.M. Jeevanjee, an Indian merchant. Jeevanjee hired an English editor-reporter, W.H. Tiller, to oversee the newspaper’s operations. In 1910 the

Auburn University, public, coeducational institution of higher education located in Auburn, Alabama, U.S. The university offers a broad range of undergraduate and graduate degree programs and is noted for its colleges of engineering and business. Degrees in nursing, pharmacy, and veterinary

Alligator Rivers: The East Alligator rises in Arnhem Land and flows northwesterly for nearly 100 miles; the West Alligator (50 miles [80 km]) generally parallels the course of the South Alligator. The region includes Kakadu National Park.

East Anglia, traditional region of eastern England, comprising the historic counties of Norfolk and Suffolk and, more loosely, Cambridgeshire and Essex. The traditional central town is the cathedral city of Norwich, which since 1961 has been the site of the University of East Anglia and its Centre

Norwich: The University of East Anglia, founded in 1964, includes the Centre of East Anglian Studies and is situated at Earlham Hall, long associated with the Gurney family. The city also has a central library and the little Maddermarket Theatre. Norwich is the traditional regional capital of…

Antarctica: Glaciation: …time to become the vast East Antarctic Ice Sheet originated in the Gamburtsev Mountains more than 14 million years ago. Other glaciers, such as those forming in the Sentinel Range perhaps as early as 50 million years ago, advanced down valleys to calve into the sea in West Antarctica. Fringing…

Antarctica: Structural framework: …long, stable Precambrian shield in East Antarctica and a much younger Mesozoic and Cenozoic mobile belt in West Antarctica—separated by the fault-block belt, or horst, of the Transantarctic Mountains. East and West Antarctica have come to be known respectively as the Gondwana and Andean provinces, indicating general affinities of each…

Syriac language: Syriac was based on the East Aramaic dialect of Edessa, Osroëne (present-day Şanlıurfa, in southeastern Turkey), which became one of the chief centres of Christianity in the Middle East at the end of the 2nd century.

East Asia, region of Asia consisting of Japan, North and South Korea, China, Mongolia, and Taiwan. An old term for the region is the Far East, a name that arose among Europeans, who considered this region in the continent to their east to be “far” from Europe in terms of traveling time. East Asia

East Asian arts, the visual arts, performing arts, and music of China, Korea (North Korea and South Korea), and Japan. (The literature of this region is treated in separate articles on Chinese literature, Korean literature, and Japanese literature.) Some studies of East Asia also include the

East Asian Economic Group (EAEG), proposed regional bloc of East Asian and Southeast Asian countries. Suggested in 1990 by Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir bin Mohamad, the EAEG represented the idea of an exclusivist East Asian regionalism. As conceived by Mahathir, the EAEG would be led by Japan

biogeographic region: East Asian region: The East Asian, or Sino-Japanese, region, which has about 300 endemic genera, extends from the slopes of the eastern Himalayas into northeastern China and the Russian Far East, including Taiwan, Japan, and Sakhalin Island (Figure 1). In this region, tropical rainforest to…

East Aurora, village, Erie county, western New York, U.S. It lies 12 miles (19 km) southeast of Buffalo and, oddly enough, 90 miles (145 km) west of Aurora. Settled in 1804, it was incorporated as Willink in 1849 and as East Aurora in 1874. Inspired by the English designer William Morris and his

East Australian Current, surface oceanic current, a section of the counterclockwise flow in the Tasman Sea, southwestern Pacific Ocean. It is formed by water masses from the Coral Sea—equatorial water driven by monsoonal winds from January to March and eastward subtropical flow from April to

River Avon, river that rises 3 miles (5 km) east of Devizes, Wiltshire, England, on the north side of the Vale of Pewsey and flows generally southward for 48 miles (77 km) to the English Channel. The river shares the name Avon (derived from a Celtic word meaning “river”) with several other rivers

East Ayrshire, council area, southwestern Scotland. It covers an undulating lowland in the north and west that rises to forested and moor-covered uplands in the east and south, where Blackcraig Hill reaches an elevation of 2,298 feet (700 metres). East Ayrshire forms part of the historic county of

Jordan: Relief: The uplands east of the Jordan River, an escarpment overlooking the rift valley, have an average elevation of 2,000–3,000 feet (600–900 metres) and rise to about 5,755 feet (1,754 metres) at Mount Ramm, Jordan’s highest point, in the south. Outcrops of sandstone, chalk, limestone, and flint extend…

East Berlin, eastern part of the city of Berlin that served as the capital of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) until the reunification of Germany in

Pontic Mountains, mountains rising out of the northern side of the Anatolia peninsula, northern Turkey, in an area once occupied by the ancient country of Pontus. The range reaches a height of 12,900 feet (3,932 m) and makes a gentle double bend, reflected in the outline of the southern shore of

East Cambridgeshire, district, administrative and historic county of Cambridgeshire, east-central England. It occupies an area northeast of the city of Cambridge. Situated predominantly within the Fens, an expanse of reclaimed marshland, the district has a slightly elevated chalk upland (which is

Cape Dezhnyov, cape, extreme eastern Russia. Cape Dezhnyov is the easternmost point of the Chukchi Peninsula and of the entire Eurasian landmass. It is separated from Cape Prince of Wales in Alaska by the Bering Strait. The Russian name was given in 1879 in honour of a Russian explorer S.I.

Antigua and Barbuda: History of Antigua and Barbuda: …Commonwealth membership and joined the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States. Bird’s Antigua Labour Party (ALP) won again in 1984 and 1989 by overwhelming margins, giving the prime minister firm control of the islands’ government.

Dagestanian languages, group of languages spoken in the northeastern part of the Caucasus and including the Avar-Andi-Dido, the Lak-Dargin (Lak-Dargwa), and the Lezgian groups. One of the distinctive characteristics of a majority of these languages is the contrast of strong and weak voiceless

Lowell, city, Middlesex county, northeastern Massachusetts, U.S. It lies at the junction of the Concord and Merrimack rivers, 25 miles (40 km) northwest of Boston. It was the country’s first planned industrial town. The site was originally settled in 1653 as a farming community known as East

East Chicago, industrial city and port, Lake county, northwestern Indiana, U.S., adjoining Gary, Hammond, and Whiting. It is a part of the Chicago-Calumet industrialized metropolitan complex. Laid out in 1887, its industrial development was stimulated by construction of Indiana Harbor, connected

East China Sea, arm of the Pacific Ocean bordering the East Asian mainland and extending northeastward from the South China Sea, to which it is connected by the shallow Taiwan Strait between Taiwan and mainland China. The East China Sea and the South China Sea together form the China Sea. The East

Kabardian language, language spoken in Kabardino-Balkaria republic, in southwestern Russia, in the northern Caucasus. It is related to the Abkhaz, Abaza, Adyghian, and Ubykh languages, which constitute the Abkhazo-Adyghian, or Northwest Caucasian, language group. These languages are noted for the

East Cleveland, city, suburb of Cleveland, Cuyahoga county, northeastern Ohio, U.S., just southeast of Lake Erie. The site was settled in 1801 by farmers, and East Cleveland township was organized in 1805. The boundaries were reduced because of annexations by the city of Cleveland, and the village,

theileriasis: The most serious is East Coast fever of cattle, caused by T. parva; it has 90–100 percent mortality in Africa. Tropical theileriasis, from T. annulata (T. dispar), is a milder disease of cattle along the Mediterranean and in the Middle East. Theileriases of sheep and goats are mild diseases…

Etta Baker: …’60s with her mastery of East Coast Piedmont blues, a unique fingerpicking style of guitar-playing that is common to the Appalachian Mountains, especially areas of Georgia, the Carolinas, and Virginia.

East Coker, poem by T.S. Eliot, originally appearing in 1940, first in the New English Weekly and then in pamphlet form. It is the second of the four poems in The Four Quartets. Like the other three poems, “East Coker” was written in strong-stress metre and organized into five sections. Continuing

Cuvette: …into two regions: Cuvette (formerly East Cuvette [Cuvette Est]), bordered by Congo (Kinshasa) to the southeast; and West Cuvette (Cuvette Oueste), bordered by Gabon to the west. The capital of Cuvette is Owando, while the capital of West Cuvette is Ewo.

East Dereham, town, Breckland district, administrative and historic county of Norfolk, eastern England. It is situated 16 miles (26 km) west-northwest of Norwich. The site of a 7th-century Christian convent, it was destroyed by invading Danes. The parish church, dating from the 12th century,

Eastpointe, city, Macomb county, Michigan, U.S., adjacent to the northeast corner of the Detroit city limits. It is primarily a residential suburb of Detroit with a large retail sector but does have some light manufacturing (metal fabrication, meat products). First settled in 1837, it was on a

East Devon, district, administrative and historic county of Devon, southwestern England. It is located in the southeastern part of the county bordering Lyme Bay of the English Channel to the south. Sidmouth is the administrative centre. East Devon is historically known for its handmade lace and

East Dorset, district, administrative county of Dorset, southern England. It is located in the northeastern corner of the county directly north of the English Channel resorts of Bournemouth and Poole. The old parish (town) of Wimborne Minster is the administrative centre. Most of the district is

East Dunbartonshire, council area, west-central Scotland. East Dunbartonshire’s largest towns, Bearsden and Milngavie in the southwest and Kirkintilloch in the southeast, lie within the historic county of Dunbartonshire. The council area also includes a small area in the south around the town of

Durham: In the east the limestone East Durham Plateau—which reaches an elevation of more than 700 feet (213 metres) at its southwestern edge—forms a gently rolling landscape. Separating these upland areas are the glacial drift-covered lowlands of the Wear valley. The Tees lowlands extend across the south of the county. The…

East End, traditional area of London, lying east of Shoreditch High Street, Houndsditch, Aldgate High Street, and Tower Bridge Approach. It extends eastward to the River Lea and lies mainly in the Inner London borough of Tower Hamlets, part of the historic county of Middlesex. In the Middle Ages

cable-stayed bridge: The same designers created the East End Bridge (1985) across the Ohio River, which has a major span of 270 metres (900 feet) and a minor span of 182 metres (608 feet). The single concrete tower is shaped like a long triangle in the traverse direction, and the cable arrangement…

Russian Plain, plain and series of broad river basins in eastern Europe (including western Russia). It extends over nearly 1,500,000 square miles (4,000,000 square km) and averages about 560 feet (170 meters) in height. The plain is subdivided into a number of distinct regions, including the Valday

Black Sea: Geology: …structural block known as the Russian (or East European) Platform, dating from at least 540 million years ago, appear in the northwest. A second, related platform has a deep cover of sedimentary rocks that were laid later. The deepwater depression, generally considered to be a vast structural downwarp, is an…

East Falkland, one of the two major islands of the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic Ocean. It is 90 miles (140 km) long and 55 miles (88 km) wide and rises to 2,312 feet (705 metres) at Mount Usborne. The coastline is deeply indented, particularly at the midsection, where only a narrow bridge

Belgium: (West Flanders, East Flanders [West-Vlaanderen, Oost-Vlaanderen], Flemish Brabant, Antwerp, and Limburg). Just north of the boundary between Walloon Brabant (Brabant Walloon) and Flemish (Vlaams) Brabant lies the officially bilingual but majority French-speaking Brussels-Capital

IJsselmeer Polders: …[469 square km]), and the East (Oostelijk) Flevoland Polder (204 square miles [528 square km]) were completed in 1930, 1942, and 1957, respectively. The South (Zuidelijk) Flevoland Polder (166 square miles [430 square km]) was completed in 1968. A fifth potential polder is the Markerwaard Polder in southwest IJsselmeer. Under…

White River: Its largest tributary is the East Fork White River (sometimes called the Driftwood Fork), which rises from a combination of streams that join near Columbus in Bartholomew county and flows generally southwestward for about 280 miles (450 km) before its junction with the White near Petersburg; the final 50-mile (80-km)…

history of Europe: Charlemagne and the Carolingian dynasty: …Francia, the Middle Kingdom, and East Francia. The last of these regions gradually assumed control over the Middle Kingdom north of the Alps. In addition, an independent kingdom of Italy survived into the late 10th century. The imperial title went to one of the rulers of these kingdoms, usually the…

Germany: Languages of Germany: East Franconian is spoken in northern Bavaria, South Franconian in northern Baden-Württemberg. The Rhenish Franconian dialect extends northwest from approximately Metz, in French Lorraine, through the states of Rhineland-Palatinate and Hessen. Moselle Franconian extends from Luxembourg through the Moselle valley districts and across the Rhine…

East Friesland, cultural region bordering the North Sea and encompassing the coastal marshlands and East Frisian Islands (Ostfriesische Inseln) of northwestern Lower Saxony Land (state), north-central Germany. The region includes the Lower Saxony Wadden Sea National Park. East Friesland has close

Frisian Islands: The East Frisian Islands (German: Ostfriesische Inseln) belong to Germany and extend from the Ems River estuary eastward to Jade Channel, the outer part of Jade Bay, with two small islands, Scharhörn and Neuwerk, lying near the estuary of the Elbe River. Smaller than most of…

West Germanic languages: Dialects: East Frisian survives today only in the German Saterland, consisting of the three parishes of Ramsloh, Strücklingen, and Scharrel, each with a slightly different dialect. The area to the north is called East Frisia (German Ostfriesland), and the local dialect East Frisian (German Ostfriesisch), although…

Kirkcudbrightshire, historic county, southwestern Scotland. It lies entirely within Dumfries and Galloway council area. Kirkcudbrightshire forms the eastern portion of the historic province of Galloway. It encompasses the shores of the Solway Firth and Irish Sea between the Rivers Nith and Cree and

East Germanic languages, group of long extinct Germanic languages once spoken by Germanic tribes located between the middle Oder and the Vistula. According to historical tradition, at least some of the Germanic tribes migrated to the mouth of the Vistula from Scandinavia. Little is known of

East Germany, former country (1949–90) that constitutes the northeastern section of present-day

Yarmūk River: The Ghawr ash-Sharqiyah (East Ghor) Canal, completed in 1966, diverts water from the Yarmūk to irrigate the eastern Jordan River valley in Jordan.

East Greenland Current, cold flow of water originating in the Arctic Ocean and flowing southward and southwestward along the east coast of Greenland. See Greenland

East Greenland orogen, a linear orogenic (mountain) belt that developed from late Precambrian time to the middle of the Paleozoic Era (roughly 650 million to 350 million years ago) along a portion of the eastern coast of Greenland. Deformation occurred during several phases of the Caledonian

East Greenland orogen, a linear orogenic (mountain) belt that developed from late Precambrian time to the middle of the Paleozoic Era (roughly 650 million to 350 million years ago) along a portion of the eastern coast of Greenland. Deformation occurred during several phases of the Caledonian

East Greenwich, town (township), Kent county, central Rhode Island, U.S., on Greenwich Bay, south of Providence city. It was settled and incorporated as a town in 1677, following King Philip’s (Indian) War. Called Dedford in 1686–89, it was renamed for Greenwich in London. Farming, fishing, pottery

East Grinstead, town (parish), Mid Sussex district, administrative county of West Sussex, historic county of Sussex, southeastern England. It lies south of London in the wooded countryside of The Weald within easy commuting range of the metropolis. East Grinstead’s market charter dates to 1121, and

East Hampshire, district, administrative and historic county of Hampshire, southern England. The district, a rural area of chalk uplands, is where the most westerly extensions of the North Downs, Weald, and South Downs generally merge. The terrain, at elevations of 600 to 800 feet (180 to 240

East Hampton, town (township), Suffolk county, southeastern New York, U.S. It lies on the southern shore of Long Island, 100 miles (161 km) east of New York City, and includes East Hampton village and Gardiners Island. Settled in 1648 by English yeomen from Kent and first called Maidstone, the town

East Hartford, urban town (township), Hartford county, central Connecticut, U.S., across the Connecticut River from Hartford. The area, called Podunk by the Indians, was first settled in 1639 by John Crow. Organized as a parish in 1746 and originally part of Hartford, it was incorporated as a

East Haven, urban town (township), New Haven county, southern Connecticut, U.S., on Long Island Sound just east of New Haven and separated from Branford (east) by Lake Saltonstall (about 3 miles [5 km] long). Originally a part of New Haven called Iron Works Village (because of the furnace

East Hertfordshire, district, administrative and historic county of Hertfordshire, southeastern England, at the northern edge of the Greater London Green Belt. Hertford is the administrative seat for the county of Hertfordshire but shares district administration with Bishop’s Stortford. The

Adams, town (township), Berkshire county, northwestern Massachusetts, U.S. It lies at the foot of Mount Greylock (3,491 feet [1,064 metres]), on the Hoosic River, 15 miles (24 km) north of Pittsfield. The town of North Adams is 5 miles north. Founded by Quakers in 1766, it was known as East Hoosuck

bridge: U.S. designs: The same designers produced the East End Bridge across the Ohio River between Proctorville, Ohio, and Huntington, West Virginia, in 1985. The East End has a major span of 270 metres (900 feet) and a minor span of 182 metres (608 feet). The single concrete tower is shaped like a…

India: The company and the state: …transfer the control of British India to seven commissioners was defeated by the influence of King George III in the House of Lords, but the next year the matter was settled for more than 70 years by Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger’s India Act of 1784. Its essence was…

East India Company, English company formed for the exploitation of trade with East and Southeast Asia and India, incorporated by royal charter on December 31, 1600. Starting as a monopolistic trading body, the company became involved in politics and acted as an agent of British imperialism in India

Government of India Acts, succession of measures passed by the British Parliament between 1773 and 1935 to regulate the government of India. The first several acts—passed in 1773, 1780, 1784, 1786, 1793, and 1830—were generally known as East India Company Acts. Subsequent measures—chiefly in 1833,

East Indiaman, large sailing vessel of the type built from the 16th to the 19th century for the trade between Europe and southern Asia. The first were Portuguese and Dutch; English Indiamen appeared late in the 16th century and eventually came to dominate the trade. The ships varied in size from

pitcher plant: Nepenthaceae: The family Nepenthaceae consists of a single genus, Nepenthes, with some 140 species of tropical pitcher plants native to Madagascar, Southeast Asia, and Australia. Most of these species are perennials that grow in very acidic soil, though some are epiphytic and live on the…

aseismic ridge: The Ninetyeast Ridge is thought to have originated from hot spot volcanic activity now located at the Kerguelen Islands near Antarctica. These islands lie atop the Kerguelen Plateau, which also originated from volcanism at this hot spot. The Ninetyeast Ridge stretches parallel to 90° E longitude…

East Indies, the islands that extend in a wide belt along both sides of the Equator for more than 3,800 miles (6,100 km) between the Asian mainland to the north and west and Australia to the south. Historically, the term East Indies is loosely applied to any of three contexts. The most restrictive

Central Sulawesi: History: …in the Dutch-sponsored state of East Indonesia until it joined the Republic of Indonesia in 1950. Celebes was divided in 1960 into two large administrative units, one encompassing the northern region, the other spanning the south. In 1964, in response to ongoing social and political unrest, these units were further…

Om Puri: …fundamentalism, and the comedy drama East Is East (1999), for which he earned a British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) nomination for best lead actor. He also appeared in Hollywood films alongside some of the biggest stars in the industry, including Patrick Swayze in City of Joy (1992),…

East Java, propinsi (or provinsi; province), eastern Java, Indonesia. It is bounded by the province of Central Java (Jawa Tengah) to the west, the Java Sea to the north, the Indian Ocean to the south, and the Bali Strait to the east. It includes numerous surrounding islands, most notably Madura,

United States: The middle colonies: …area was then divided into East Jersey, controlled by Carteret, and West Jersey, controlled by Penn and the other Quaker trustees. In 1682 the Quakers bought East Jersey. A multiplicity of owners and an uncertainty of administration caused both colonists and colonizers to feel dissatisfied with the proprietary arrangement, and…

East Kalimantan, propinsi (or provinsi; province), east-central Borneo, Indonesia. It is bounded by the East Malaysian state of Sarawak to the northwest, by the Celebes Sea to the northeast and the Makassar Strait to the southeast, and by the Indonesian provinces of North Kalimantan (Kalimantan

Shygys Qazaqstan, oblysy (region), extreme eastern Kazakhstan, in the Altai Mountains on the frontier with China. Its capital is Öskemen (Ust-Kamenogorsk). It is drained by the upper Irtysh (Ertis) River, and Lake Zaysan lies in the south. The climate is continental and dry. One of the main centres

East Kilbride, burgh (town), South Lanarkshire council area, historic county of Lanarkshire, Scotland. It was Scotland’s first post-World War II planned new town, built around the old pastoral village of East Kilbride to accommodate residential and commercial growth from nearby Glasgow. The name

East L.A. walkouts, social protest in March 1968 in which thousands of Mexican American high-school students walked out of classes in Los Angeles, protesting inequality in the public education system. The walkouts contributed to the wider Chicano movement seeking civil rights reform for Latinos. In

East L.A. walkouts, social protest in March 1968 in which thousands of Mexican American high-school students walked out of classes in Los Angeles, protesting inequality in the public education system. The walkouts contributed to the wider Chicano movement seeking civil rights reform for Latinos. In

East Lansing, residential and university city, Ingham county, south-central Michigan, U.S., adjoining Lansing on the Red Cedar River. The site was a remote area east of Lansing when Michigan State University, a pioneer land-grant school, was founded there as Michigan Agricultural College in 1855.

Sami language: East Sami is spoken in Russia on the Kola Peninsula and by two groups in eastern Finland: Inari and Skolt. South Sami is used by a few persons in central Norway and north-central Sweden.

East Lindsey, district, administrative and historic county of Lincolnshire, east-central England. It is located along the North Sea in the eastern part of the county. Louth is the administrative headquarters. East Lindsey’s most significant physiographic component is the chalk upland of the Wolds,

East Liverpool, city, Columbiana county, eastern Ohio, U.S., some 45 miles (70 km) south of Youngstown. It lies along the Ohio River (there bridged to Newell and Chester, W.Va.), at a point where Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia meet. Founded in 1798 by Thomas Fawcett, an Irish Quaker, it was

Falkland: …the northern base of the East Lomond Hill, which has an elevation of 1,471 feet (448 metres). The burgh’s 12th-century castle was replaced by the present Falkland Palace, which from the 16th century became a favourite seat of the Scottish court. Falkland became a royal burgh in 1458, and its…

East London, port city, Eastern Cape province, South Africa. It lies at the mouth of the Buffalo River along the Indian Ocean. Buffalo Harbour, first visited by the British in 1836 and named Port Rex, was used as a supply base during the seventh Cape Frontier War (1846). The next year, Fort

East L.A. walkouts, social protest in March 1968 in which thousands of Mexican American high-school students walked out of classes in Los Angeles, protesting inequality in the public education system. The walkouts contributed to the wider Chicano movement seeking civil rights reform for Latinos. In

East Lothian, council area and historic county, southeastern Scotland. It lies on the southern coast of the Firth of Forth east of Edinburgh. Much of East Lothian is an undulating coastal lowland, but it extends inland to include part of the upland moors of the Lammermuir Hills. The council area

Mrs. Henry Wood: …the sensational and extremely popular East Lynne (1861), a melodramatic and moralizing tale of the fall of virtue. Translated into many languages, it was dramatized with great success, and its plot has been frequently imitated in popular fiction.

Frank Lloyd: However, the melodrama East Lynne (1931), an adaptation of Mrs. Henry Wood’s novel, was a success, earning an Oscar nomination for best picture. Lloyd earned even more accolades for Cavalcade (1933), an epic drama based on a Noël Coward play that chronicles the effect of world events on…

East Malaysia, component of the 13-state federation of Malaysia in Southeast Asia. It consists of the states of Sabah and Sarawak on the northern part of the island of Borneo and is separated from mainland Peninsular, or West, Malaysia on the Malay Peninsula by some 400 miles (640 km) of the South

Jim Thorpe, borough (town), seat of Carbon county, eastern Pennsylvania, U.S., on the Lehigh River, in a valley of the Pocono Mountains, 22 miles (35 km) northwest of Allentown. It was created in 1954 with the merger of the boroughs of Mauch Chunk (“Bear Mountain;” inc. 1850) and East Mauch Chunk

West Germanic languages: History: …arisen in the recently settled East Middle German area were relatively uniform and contained elements from both West Middle German and Upper German. Gradually these East Middle German dialects came to be used as the official languages of the chancelleries of the area, including that of Saxony, and on the…

East Moline, city, Rock Island county, northwestern Illinois, U.S. It lies on the Mississippi River, some 160 miles (260 km) west of Chicago. With Moline and Rock Island, Illinois, and Davenport and Bettendorf, Iowa, it forms a complex known as the Quad Cities. The area was long inhabited by Sauk

the North: …states, the Old Northwest (East North Central States in federal terms), and the Great Plains (West North Central States). Recognized as these four areas, the North includes Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Maine, Massachusetts,