Khosrow I: Patron of culture.: …Iran were gathered into a Khwatāy-nāmak (“Book of Kings”) in the time of Khosrow and thus provided the source for Ferdowsī’s immortal epic much later. Some of the names found in Ferdowsī’s Shāh-nāmeh appear among the royal family of Khosrow, which indicates at the least an interest on the part…

Khoy, city, northwestern Iran. The city is well laid out, with cool streams and lines of willows along broad, regular streets. There are several mosques, an extensive brick bazaar, a fine caravansary, and gardens. Khoy is a trade centre and has been of considerable strategic importance. Fortified

Ukraine: The New Economic Policy and Ukrainization: …literature, in which the writer Mykola Khvylovy employed the slogan “Away from Moscow!” and urged a cultural orientation toward Europe. An important factor in the national revival, despite antireligious propaganda and harassment, was the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church, which had gained a wide following among the Ukrainian intelligentsia and peasantry…

al-Khiḍr, a legendary Islamic figure endowed with immortal life who became a popular saint, especially among sailors and Sufis (Muslim mystics). The cycle of myths and stories surrounding al-Khiḍr originated in a vague narrative in the Qurʾān (18:60–82) that describes the long and arduous journey

Khwae Noi River, tributary of the Mae Klong River, flowing wholly in western Thailand. It rises near Three Pagodas Pass (Phra Chedi Sam Ong) on the mountainous Myanmar-Thailand border and runs southeast, parallel to the border, to its confluence near Kanchanaburi town with the Mae Klong, which

Indian philosophy: The ultralogical period: …Muslim Sufi (mystic) saints, including Khwāja Muʾin-ud-Din Ḥasan, who emphasized asceticism and taught a philosophy that included both love of God and love of humanity.

Islamic arts: Painting: …began about 1396 with the Khwāju Kermānī manuscript and culminated between 1420 and 1440 in the paintings produced by the Herāt school, an academy created by Timur’s son Shāh Rokh and developed by Shāh Rokh’s son Baysunqur Mīrzā to codify, copy, and illustrate classical Iranian literature. Although several Shāh-nāmehs are…

Ghiyāth al-Dīn Muḥammad Khwāndamīr was a Persian historian, considered one of the greatest historians of the Timurid period. Grandson of the Persian historian Mirkhwānd, Khwāndamīr entered the service of Badīʿ al-Zamān, the eldest son of the Timurid ruler of Herāt, Ḥusayn Bāyqarā. Khwāndamīr was an

Khwārezm-Shāh dynasty, (c. 1077–1231), dynasty that ruled in Central Asia and Iran, first as vassals of the Seljuqs and later as independent rulers. The founder of the dynasty was Anūştegin Gharachaʾī, a slave who was appointed governor of Khwārezm about 1077 by the Seljuq ruler Malik-Shāh.

Khwārezm, historic region along the Amu Darya (ancient Oxus River) of Turkistan, in the territories of present-day Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. Khwārezm formed part of the empire of Achaemenian Persia (6th–4th century bce). The Arabs conquered it and introduced Islam to the area in the 7th century

Khwārezm-Shāh dynasty, (c. 1077–1231), dynasty that ruled in Central Asia and Iran, first as vassals of the Seljuqs and later as independent rulers. The founder of the dynasty was Anūştegin Gharachaʾī, a slave who was appointed governor of Khwārezm about 1077 by the Seljuq ruler Malik-Shāh.

Iranian languages: Middle Iranian: …languages of this group are Khwārezmian (Chorasmian), Sogdian, and Saka. Less well-known are Old Ossetic (Scytho-Sarmatian) and Bactrian, but from what is known it would seem likely that those languages were equally distinctive. There was probably more than one dialect of each of the languages of the eastern group,

Turkic languages: Literary languages: …embraces several regional written languages: Khwārezmian Turkic, Volga Bolgarian, Old Kipchak, Old Ottoman, and Early Chagatai. Khwārezmian, used in the 13th–14th centuries in the empire of the Golden Horde, is based on the old language, but mixed with Oghuz and Kipchak elements. Volga Bolgarian is preserved in inscriptions on tombstones…

al-Khwārizmī was a Muslim mathematician and astronomer whose major works introduced Hindu-Arabic numerals and the concepts of algebra into European mathematics. Latinized versions of his name and of his most famous book title live on in the terms algorithm and algebra. Al-Khwārizmī lived in

al-Khwārizmī was a Muslim mathematician and astronomer whose major works introduced Hindu-Arabic numerals and the concepts of algebra into European mathematics. Latinized versions of his name and of his most famous book title live on in the terms algorithm and algebra. Al-Khwārizmī lived in

Khosrow I: Patron of culture.: …Iran were gathered into a Khwatāy-nāmak (“Book of Kings”) in the time of Khosrow and thus provided the source for Ferdowsī’s immortal epic much later. Some of the names found in Ferdowsī’s Shāh-nāmeh appear among the royal family of Khosrow, which indicates at the least an interest on the part…

khayal, in Hindustani music, a musical form based on a Hindi song in two parts that recur between expanding cycles of melodic and rhythmic improvisation. In a standard performance a slow (vilambit) khayal is followed by a shorter, fast (drut) khayal in the same raga (melodic framework). The khayal

khyāl, any of several Hindustani folk-dance dramas of Rājasthān, northwestern India. Khyāl dances date from the 16th century and use themes taken from folklore and legend. They are performed exclusively by men, are characterized by the powerful body movements of the performers, and include mime and

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, northernmost province of Pakistan. It is bounded by Afghanistan to the west and north, Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan (the Pakistani-administered areas of the Kashmir region) to the east and northeast, Punjab province to the southeast, and Balochistan province to the

Khyber Pass, mountain pass in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan, on the border with Nangarhar province, Afghanistan. The pass connects Kabul, the capital of Afghanistan, with Peshawar, Pakistan. The name Khyber is also applied to the range through which the pass runs—a series of arid broken

Pakistan: Security: …groups, such as the fabled Khyber Rifles, are officially part of the army but frequently engage in security work, such as combating terrorists. The Inter-Service Intelligence directorate is the country’s largest intelligence collection body, and it has often been extremely successful in influencing government policy.

Fudō Myō-ō, in Japanese Buddhist mythology, the fierce form of the Buddha Vairocana, and the most important of the Myō-ō class of deities. See

Ki no Tsurayuki was a court noble, government official, and noted man of letters in Japan during the Heian period (794–1185). While serving as chief of the Imperial Documents Division, Tsurayuki took a prominent part in the compilation of the first Imperial poetry anthology, Kokinshū (905). In a

Ki Seto ware, yellow-toned ceramic ware made from fine, white clay covered with iron-ash glazes in the Mino area in central Honshu, Japan, from the late Muromachi period (1338–1573) onward. Ki Seto (“Yellow Seto”) is divided into two main types: a glossy chartreuse yellow (guinomi-de, or

Confucianism: The age of Confucianism: Chosŏn-dynasty Korea, Tokugawa Japan, and Qing China: His exchange of letters with Ki Taesŭng (1527–72) in the famous Four-Seven debate, which discussed the relationship between Mencius’s four basic human feelings—commiseration, shame, modesty, and right and wrong—and seven emotions, such as anger and joy, raised the level of Confucian dialogue to a new height of intellectual sophistication.

automotive industry: South Korea: Kia, South Korea’s second largest automaker, was acquired by Hyundai in 1999. Daewoo, owned by the Daewoo Group conglomerate, entered the automobile field on a large scale in the 1980s and had won nearly a fifth of the market before entering into financial receivership and…

East Asian arts: Common traditions: Called kiak in Korea and gigaku in Japan, the Aryan features of some of its masks clearly indicate Indian (or Central Asian) influence. Such complicated genealogies are common in East Asian performing arts.

China: Foreign relations: The Treaty of Kyakhta (1727) extended agreement on the borders to the west and opened markets for trade. When Chinese ambassadors went to Moscow (1731) and St. Petersburg (1732) to request that Russia remain neutral during the Chinese campaigns against the Oirat in Central Asia, they…

Kiama, town, Illawara district, eastern New South Wales, Australia. It is situated near the Minamurra River along the Princes Highway, 55 miles (88 km) south of Sydney. Kiama’s harbour was visited in 1797 by the British explorer George Bass. Its name is Aboriginal for either “good fishing ground”

Karachi: City site: …is protected from storms by Kiamāri Island, Manora Island, and Oyster Rocks, which together block the greater part of the harbour entrance in the west.

Kiamichi River, river in Oklahoma, U.S., rising in Le Flore county, near the Arkansas state line in the Ouachita Mountains. It flows southwest, past Pine Valley and Clayton to Antlers, where after a course of 165 miles (266 km) it turns southeast and joins the Red River south of Fort Towson in

Swahili language: …other areas of Kenya; and kiAmu (or Kiamu), spoken on the island of Lamu and adjoining parts of the coast. Standard Swahili is based on the kiUnguja dialect.

Swahili language: …other areas of Kenya; and kiAmu (or Kiamu), spoken on the island of Lamu and adjoining parts of the coast. Standard Swahili is based on the kiUnguja dialect.

Ji’an, city, west-central Jiangxi sheng (province), southeastern China. Ji’an is situated on the west bank of the Gan River, at the head of navigation for small steamboats from Nanchang. The city is a highway centre located on the north-south route up the Gan valley at the point where it is joined

Chinese pottery: Late Song, Liao, and Jin dynasties: These Ji’an, or Kian, wares appear to be imitations of Ding, and there may be truth in the tradition that the kilns were set up by refugees from the north. The Yonghe kilns were unable to compete with Jingdezhen, however, and had ceased production by the…

kiang, (Equus kiang), species of Asian wild ass found in the cold, arid highlands of Nepal, India, and Pakistan and in Qinghai and Gansu provinces and the western Tibet Autonomous Region in China at elevations above 4,000 metres (13,000 feet). The kiang’s coat is reddish in summer and brown, and it

Kingaroy: …3,727 feet (1,136 metres) at Mount Kiangarow, were important to Aboriginal people as a source of bunya pine nuts and have now been included within Bunya Mountains National Park. Pop. (2006) local government area, 12,222; (2011) urban centre, 9,587.

Jiangnan Arsenal, in Shanghai, major Chinese centre during the 1860s and 1870s for the manufacture of modern arms and the study of Western technical literature and Western languages. It was opened in 1865 as part of China’s Self-Strengthening movement. Begun as an ironworks base with machinery

Jiangxi, sheng (province) of southeast-central China. It is bounded by the provinces of Hubei and Anhui to the north, Zhejiang and Fujian to the east, Guangdong to the south, and Hunan to the west. On the map its shape resembles an inverted pear. The port of Jiujiang, some 430 miles (690 km)

Jiangxi: Education: …in higher education was the Jiangxi Labour University, founded in 1958 and renamed Jiangxi Agricultural University in 1980. It has its main campus in Nanchang but operates a network of branch campuses, in addition to affiliated technical schools, throughout the province. Aiming at the development of productive work through the…

Jiangxi Soviet, (1931–34), independent government established by the communist leader Mao Zedong and his comrade Zhu De in Jiangxi province in southeastern China. It was from this small state within a state that Mao gained the experience in guerrilla warfare and peasant organization that he later

Jiangsu, sheng (province) on the east coast of China. It is bounded by the Yellow Sea to the east, Shanghai municipality to the southeast, and by the provinces of Zhejiang to the south, Anhui to the west, and Shandong to the north. The provincial capital is Nanjing, which was the southern capital

Kiangsu Provincial Museum, in Nanking, China, one of the outstanding provincial museums of China. It contains objects reflecting 5,000 years of Chinese culture. The prehistoric section contains objects found during excavations in 1954 and 1956 in Kiangsu Province, including polished stone tools,

Abbas Kiarostami was an Iranian filmmaker who was known for experimenting with the boundaries between reality and fiction throughout a four-decade career. Kiarostami studied painting and graphic arts at the University of Tehrān and spent a period designing posters, illustrating children’s books,

Charleston: In the unique environment of Kiawah Island, which includes salt marshes, woods, and sandy beaches, lives a wide variety of wildlife, including alligators, 140 species of birds, and the endangered Atlantic loggerhead sea turtle. Charles Towne Landing and Hampton Plantation state parks lie within Charleston county.

Mwai Kibaki was a Kenyan politician who served as president of Kenya (2002–13). Kibaki, a member of the Kikuyu people, attended Makerere University (B.A., 1955) in Uganda and the London School of Economics (B.Sc., 1959). He then worked as a teacher before becoming active in the Kenyan struggle for

Mwai Kibaki was a Kenyan politician who served as president of Kenya (2002–13). Kibaki, a member of the Kikuyu people, attended Makerere University (B.A., 1955) in Uganda and the London School of Economics (B.Sc., 1959). He then worked as a teacher before becoming active in the Kenyan struggle for

Kazembe: His grandson, Kazembe IV, known as Kibangu Keleka (reigned 1805–50), encouraged contacts with Portuguese traders from Angola, and Kazembe became an important centre of trade between the peoples in the central African interior and the Portuguese and Arabs on the eastern coast.

Upemba National Park: The forested Kibara Mountains rise to 6,070 feet (1,850 m) in the northeast. The park’s wildlife includes zebras, antelopes, elephants, buffalo, lions, and aquatic birds.

Africa: The Precambrian: …deformation and metamorphism during the Kibaran event. That important thermotectonic episode gave rise to the Kibaran-Burundian fold belt in east-central Africa, the Ruwenzori belt in Uganda, and the Namaqua-Natal belt in South Africa and Namibia.

bulgur: …tomatoes, onions, and herbs) and kibbeh (ground meat patties with onions and spices). Since the early 1900s, bulgur has grown in popularity as a health and gourmet food in the United States and western Europe.

Mr. Smith Goes to Washington: Cast:

bulgur: …tomatoes, onions, and herbs) and kibbeh (ground meat patties with onions and spices). Since the early 1900s, bulgur has grown in popularity as a health and gourmet food in the United States and western Europe.

kibbutz, Israeli collective settlement, usually agricultural and often also industrial, in which all wealth is held in common. Profits are reinvested in the settlement after members have been provided with food, clothing, and shelter and with social and medical services. Adults have private

Kibi Makibi was an early envoy to China who did much to introduce Chinese culture to the comparatively primitive Japanese state. In 717, when Chinese culture under the great T’ang dynasty (618–907) was at its height, Kibi traveled there as a student. Upon his return to Japan, he received an

Chūgoku Range: …a steep escarpment to the Kibi Plateau. The plateau, at an elevation between 660 and 1,970 feet (200 and 600 m), is composed of eroded hilly land surfaces, separated by steep, younger gorges. Between the Kibi Plateau and the range, a row of intermontane basins is followed by the east-west…

qiblah, the direction of the sacred shrine of the Kaaba in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, toward which Muslims turn five times each day when performing the salat (daily ritual prayer). Soon after Muhammad’s migration (Hijrah, or Hegira) to Medina in 622, he indicated Jerusalem as the qiblah, probably

space station: The International Space Station: …Columbus, and a Japanese laboratory, Kibo. In February 2008 Columbus was mounted on Harmony’s starboard side. Columbus was Europe’s first long-duration crewed space laboratory and contained experiments in such fields as biology and fluid dynamics. In the following month an improved variant of the Ariane V rocket launched Europe’s heaviest…

Kilimanjaro: Kibo, the youngest and highest, retains the form of a typical volcanic cone and crater and is linked by a 7-mile (11-km) saddle at about 15,000 feet (4,500 metres) with Mawensi (16,893 feet [5,149 metres]), which is the older core of a former summit. Shira…

African music: Polyphonic vocal styles: …in a song type called kibota.

Cyprus, island in the eastern Mediterranean Sea renowned since ancient times for its mineral wealth, superb wines and produce, and natural beauty. A “golden-green leaf thrown into the Sea” and a land of “wild weather and volcanoes,” in the words of the Greek Cypriot poet Leonidas Malenis, Cyprus

Martyrs of Uganda: …alive on June 3, 1886: Ambrose Kibuka, Anatole Kiriggwajjo, Achilles Kiwanuka, Mugagga, Mukasa Kiriwawanvu, Adolphus Mukasa Ludigo, Gyavira, and Kizito. The soldiers and officials Bruno Serunkuma, James Buzabaliawo, and

Kyburg, countship prominent in medieval Swiss history. The first line of counts of Kyburg, with their seat in the castle of Kyburg just southeast of Winterthur (in the modern canton of Zürich), were influential in German politics from the 1020s; but their male line became extinct in 1078, and their

Makar Sankranti, Hindu festival in January celebrating the entrance of the sun into the astrological sign of makara (corresponding to Capricorn) and the beginning of the sun’s uttarayana (northward journey). Makar Sankranti occurs on January 14 (or 15 during a leap year). Unlike most other holidays

Hishikawa Moronobu was a Japanese printmaker, the first great master of ukiyo-e (“pictures of the floating world”), a genre depicting entertainment districts and other scenes of urban life. The son of a provincial embroiderer, Hishikawa started by drawing designs for embroidery. About the middle of

Saigō Takamori was a leader in the overthrow of the Tokugawa shogunate who later rebelled against the weaknesses he saw in the Imperial government that he had helped to restore. Although his participation in the restoration made him a legendary hero, it also, to his mortification, relegated his

Oda Nobunaga was a Japanese warrior and government official who overthrew the Ashikaga (or Muromachi) shogunate (1338–1573) and ended a long period of feudal wars by unifying half of the provinces in Japan under his rule. Nobunaga, as virtual dictator, restored stable government and established the

Japanese art: Painting: …an image of the deity Kichijōten (Mahashri), housed in Yakushi Temple. This work on hemp depicts in full polychromy a full-cheeked beauty in the high Tang style, which was characterized by slightly elongated, pleasantly rounded figures rendered with long curvilinear brushstrokes. A horizontal narrative scroll painting, Kako genzai inga kyō…

Noh theatre: …and the fifth type, the kiri or kichiku (“final” or “demon”) play, features devils, strange beasts, and supernatural beings. A typical Noh play is relatively short. Its dialogue is sparse, serving as a mere frame for the movement and music. A standard Noh program consists of three plays selected from…

Saigō Takamori was a leader in the overthrow of the Tokugawa shogunate who later rebelled against the weaknesses he saw in the Imperial government that he had helped to restore. Although his participation in the restoration made him a legendary hero, it also, to his mortification, relegated his

Kichizan was the last major professional painter of Buddhist iconography in Japan. He was a priest, associated with the Zen Buddhist Tōfuku-ji (temple) in Kyōto. Of the Buddhist paintings that he did for the temple, the best known is the portrait of Shōichi (1202–80), founder of the temple. The

Euphrase Kezilahabi: …poems, such as those in Kichomi (1974; “Stabbing Pain”), stirred some controversy on the Swahili literary scene. He broke with the formal traditions of Swahili poetry and argued and demonstrated the legitimacy of the use of blank verse in the language, becoming the first Swahili writer to attempt such innovation.

Euphrase Kezilahabi: His later novels included Kichwamaji (1974; “Waterhead”), Dunia uwanja wa fujo (1975; “The World Is a Chaotic Place”), and Gamba la nyoka (1979; “The Snake’s Skin”). The recurrent theme of Kezilahabi’s fiction is the difficulty of an individual’s integration into a society that is undergoing the stresses brought on…

savate, French sport of fighting by kicking, practiced from the early 19th century. It occurred mainly among the lower orders of Parisian society. When savate died out, its more skillful elements were combined with those of English bare-knuckle pugilism to produce la boxe française. The name savate

David Gilmour: Solo projects and later career: …on Kate Bush’s debut album, The Kick Inside (1978). His second solo album, About Face (1984), included two songs he wrote with rock icon Pete Townshend, the lead guitarist and songwriter for the Who. During the 1980s, Gilmour appeared as a guest musician on albums by artists including Townshend, Bryan…

the MC5: The MC5’s first album, Kick Out the Jams (1969), a live recording named for the group’s signature song, captures the loud, raw turbulence that characterized their powerful performances. Two more albums followed, including the Jon Landau-produced Back in the U.S.A. (1970), before the band broke up in 1972. Louder…

Martha Graham: Maturity of Martha Graham: In Letter to the World (1940; also called The Kick), a work about Emily Dickinson, several characters are used to portray different aspects of the poet’s personality.

Nicolas Cage: His notable film work included Kick-Ass (2010), an action comedy about an ordinary teenager who dreams of becoming a superhero, and the action thriller Ghost Rider (2007) and its sequel, Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance (2011), in which he appeared as a demonically possessed motorcyclist. His atypically subdued work in…

Jim Carrey: …The Incredible Burt Wonderstone (2013), Kick-Ass 2 (2013), and Dumb and Dumber To (2014). Carrey took a new direction with Dark Crimes (2016), a gloomy thriller based on a 2008 New Yorker article about a police officer investigating a murder that resembles one described in a crime novel. He then…

Kickapoo, Algonquian-speaking Indians, related to the Sauk and Fox. When first reported by Europeans in the late 17th century, the Kickapoo lived at the portage between the Fox and Wisconsin rivers, probably in present-day Columbia county, Wisconsin. They were known as formidable warriors whose

dam: Spillways: An obstruction known as a kicker, placed at the toe of the dam to project the water slightly upward, can move farther downstream the area in which erosion of the riverbed is most intense. With higher dams it is possible to deflect the jet of spilling water from a level…

particle accelerator: Guiding particles: Extraction is usually achieved by “kicker” magnets, electromagnets that switch on just long enough to “kick” the particles out of the synchrotron ring and along a beam line. The fields in the dipole magnets are then ramped down, and the machine is ready to receive its next pulse of particles.

Charles Joseph Kickham was an Irish poet and novelist whose nationalistic writings were immensely popular in Ireland in the 19th century. Kickham’s early hopes for a medical career were altered by a childhood shooting accident that impaired his sight and hearing. In 1860 Kickham joined the Fenians,

Kicking Horse Pass, pass in the Canadian Rockies at the Alberta–British Columbia border and the Banff-Yoho national parks boundary; it is the highest point on the Canadian Pacific Railway, at an elevation of 5,338 feet (1,627 metres). The approach from the east is by way of the Bow Valley; from the

Perry Chen: …entrepreneur who created and cofounded Kickstarter, an Internet company that specialized in providing financial support for philanthropic and artistic endeavors by linking project leaders with a vast online community of investors.

skateboarding: …and the introduction of the kicktail, the raised back end of the board that makes kickturns possible. The craze spread worldwide, and skateboard magazines helped promote both the sport and young innovative riders such as Tony Alva and Stacey Peralta. The first skate park was built in Florida in 1976,…

skateboarding: A kickturn is accomplished when the rider pushes down on the kicktail, lifting the front wheels off the ground and spinning on the rear wheels. The hands-free aerial known as the ollie is one of the most important tricks in contemporary skateboarding. It was invented in…

fungus: Annotated classification: Order Kickxellales Primarily saprotrophic; mycelium highly branched and occasionally coenocytic; example genera include Kickxella, Coemansia, Linderina, and Spirodactylon. Order Dimargaritales Mycoparasitic; example genera include Dimargaris, Dispira, and Tieghemiomyces.

fungus: Annotated classification: Subphylum Kickxellomycotina (incertae sedis) Saprotrophic, may be parasitic on fungi, can form symbiotic associations; thallus forms from holdfast on other fungi; mycelium branched or unbranched; asexual and sexual reproduction; contains four orders. Order Kickxellales Primarily saprotrophic; mycelium highly branched and occasionally coenocytic; example genera

family law: Children: It is almost universally the rule that natural or adopting parents have a primary duty to maintain their minor children. In the great majority of cases, the care and upbringing of a child belongs to its biological parents automatically, without regard to their qualification…

goat: …and immature goats are called kids. Wild goats include the ibex and markhor.

Simon Armitage: Poetry collections: His poetry collections include Kid (1992), Book of Matches (1993), The Dead Sea Poems (1995), CloudCuckooLand (1997), Travelling Songs and The Universal Home Doctor (both 2002), Tyrannosaurus Rex Versus the Corduroy Kid (2006), Seeing Stars (2010), The Unaccompanied (2017), The Owl and the Nightingale (2021), Never Good with Horses…

Radiohead: When Kid A came out in October 2000, it signaled that Radiohead—and Yorke above all—wanted to leave the wide-screen drama of OK Computer behind. The resulting selection of heavily electronic, more or less guitar-free pieces (notably “Kid A” and “Idioteque”) confounded many but repaid the patience…

Jack Dempsey was an American world heavyweight boxing champion, regarded by many as the epitome of the professional fighter. He held the title from July 4, 1919, when he knocked out Jess Willard in three rounds in Toledo, Ohio, until September 23, 1926, when he lost a 10-round decision to Gene

Clara Bow: Plastic Age (1925), Mantrap (1926), Kid Boots (1926), and Dancing Mothers (1926).

superhero: Comics sell millions: …such series was Quality Comics’ Kid Eternity, first seen in Hit Comics #25 (December 1942). The “kid”—he has no actual name—dies, along with his grandfather, when the merchant marine ship they are on is torpedoed by Nazis. The boy’s death is deemed a heavenly mistake, and he is returned to…

the Flash: He adopted the name Kid Flash and accompanied the Flash on numerous adventures before later going on to join the Teen Titans. Ralph Dibny, the Elongated Man, introduced himself two issues later and teamed up with the Flash on many occasions. The Green Lantern also often accompanied the Flash,…

Phil Karlson: Later films: Next came Kid Galahad (1962), an Elvis Presley musical.

Michael Curtiz: The breakthrough years: …film of the year was Kid Galahad (also released as The Battling Bellhop), a boxing film with Edward G. Robinson in the role of a promoter and Wayne Morris as a prizefighter.

Kid Gavilan was a Cuban professional boxer and world welterweight champion who was known for his “bolo punch,” a combination of a hook and an uppercut. (Read Gene Tunney’s 1929 Britannica essay on boxing.) Gavilan said that cutting sugarcane during his youth in Cuba helped him to perfect his