Kōda Rohan was a Japanese novelist and essayist whose stories of heroic characters balanced the more romantic tendency of his rival, Ozaki Kōyō, in creating a new literature for early modern Japan. Rohan’s early education was strong in the Japanese and Chinese classics, and although he was

lacquerwork: Japan: …which distinctive lacquer decoration called tata maki-e (Koda-ji maki-e) was used. This temple still contains examples of this ware that were presented by her.

Jason Sudeikis: Hall Pass, Horrible Bosses, and We’re the Millers: …starring with Ed Harris in Kodachrome, a drama about a dying photographer and his estranged son. That year he also had a supporting role in Alexander Payne’s sci-fi drama Downsizing.

history of photography: Colour photography: …photography with their invention of Kodachrome film. With this reversal (slide) film, colour transparencies could be obtained that were suitable both for projection and for reproduction. A year later the Agfa Company of Germany developed the Agfacolor negative-positive process, but owing to World War II the film did not become…

Kodagu, district, southwestern Karnataka state, southwestern India. It is situated at the southern end of the Western Ghats and is rugged and hilly with ample annual precipitation and a climate tempered by elevation. The thickly forested hills often exceed 5,000 feet (1,500 metres) in elevation and

Dravidian languages: South Dravidian languages: Another South Dravidian language, Kodagu, is spoken in the Coorg district of Karnataka, which borders on Kerala. Kodagu speakers use Kannada as their official language and as the language of education. The remaining South Dravidian languages—Toda, Kota, Irula, and Kurumba—are spoken by Scheduled Tribes (officially recognized indigenous peoples) in…

lacquerwork: Japan: …died, his widow erected the Kōdai-ji at Kyōto, in which distinctive lacquer decoration called tata maki-e (Koda-ji maki-e) was used. This temple still contains examples of this ware that were presented by her.

Kodaikanal, town, southwestern Tamil Nadu state, southern India. It is situated at an elevation of 7,300 feet (2,225 metres) in the Palni Hills, about 35 miles (55 km) west-southwest of Dindigul. Kodaikanal was created in 1845 by U.S. missionaries and British civil servants as a hill station to

Kodaira, city, central Tokyo to (metropolis), east-central Honshu, Japan. It is situated in the Musashino Plateau, bordered on all sides by other cities in the metropolis, including Higashimurayama (north) and Koganei (southeast). The area surrounding present-day Kodaira was developed as an

Kodaira Kunihiko was a Japanese mathematician who was awarded the Fields Medal in 1954 for his work in algebraic geometry and complex analysis. Kodaira attended the University of Tokyo (Ph.D., 1949). His dissertation attracted the attention of Hermann Weyl, who invited Kodaira to join him at the

Eastman Kodak Company, American manufacturer of film and photographic supplies and provider of digital imaging services and products. It is one of the historic brands in photographic history. Headquarters are in Rochester, New York. The company was incorporated in 1901 as the successor to a

Kodak camera, the first camera that was simple and portable enough to be used by large numbers of amateur photographers. The first Kodak camera, invented by George Eastman, was placed on the market in 1888. It was a simple handheld box camera containing a 100-exposure roll of film that used paper

printing: Preparing stereotypes and plates: KRP (Kodak Relief Plate) is a sheet of cellulose acetate that is superficially sensitized by the deposit of a thin coat of photographic emulsion. After exposure to light, this emulsion remains only on the printing areas, which it protects from the action of the solvent. Engraving…

history of photography: Colour photography: …American musicians working with the Kodak Research Laboratories, initiated the modern era of colour photography with their invention of Kodachrome film. With this reversal (slide) film, colour transparencies could be obtained that were suitable both for projection and for reproduction. A year later the Agfa Company of Germany developed the…

origins of agriculture: The Mughal century (c. 1600 ce): …the most common is the kodali, an iron blade fitted to a wooden handle with which it makes an acute angle.

Zoltán Kodály was a prominent composer and authority on Hungarian folk music. He was also important as an educator not only of composers but also of teachers, and, through his students, he contributed heavily to the spread of music education in Hungary. He was a chorister in his youth at

Zoltán Kodály was a prominent composer and authority on Hungarian folk music. He was also important as an educator not only of composers but also of teachers, and, through his students, he contributed heavily to the spread of music education in Hungary. He was a chorister in his youth at

Kodama Gentarō was a Japanese army general and statesman of the Meiji period. Kodama, born into the samurai class, fought in several battles before enrolling in the Ōsaka Heigakuryō (military training school). He was commissioned in 1881, and, as bureau chief of the General Staff, he upgraded and

Chennai: Cultural life: The suburban town of Kodambakkam, with its numerous film studios, is described as the Hollywood of Tamil-language cinema. Three theatres—the Children’s Theatre, the Annamalai Manram, and the Museum Theatre—are popular. The Chennai Government Museum has exhibitions on the history and physical aspects of Tamil Nadu. There is a small…

ceremonial object: Incense and other smoke devices: In Japan the censer (kōdan)—a vessel with a perforated cover and carried by chains—was used in Buddhist and Shintō rituals. In pre-Hellenistic Egypt and among ancient Jews, incense was burned in golden bowls, which sometimes had handles, and in cauldrons placed on or beside the altar or outside the…

Trincomalee: …situated on a peninsula in Trincomalee Bay—formerly called Koddiyar (meaning “Fort by the River”) Bay—one of the world’s finest natural harbours.

Kodiak, city, Kodiak Island, southern Alaska, U.S. It is situated on Chiniak Bay, on the northeastern coast of Kodiak Island. Founded in 1792 by Aleksandr Andreyevich Baranov, manager in America for the Northeastern Company (later the Russian-American Company), it was first known as Pavlovsk Gavan,

Kodiak bear, (subspecies Ursus arctos middendorffi), subspecies of brown bear found only on Kodiak Island and nearby islands off the coast of Alaska. It can weigh up to 720 kg (1,600 pounds) and is the world’s largest bear and the world’s largest land carnivore, titles it shares with the polar bear

Kodiak Island, island, southern Alaska, U.S. It lies in the Gulf of Alaska and is separated from the Alaska Peninsula by Shelikof Strait, 30 miles (50 km) off the Alaskan coast and some 250 miles (400 km) southwest of Anchorage. The largest Alaskan island (and the second largest island in the

Kodiak Island: Kodiak National Wildlife Refuge, established in 1941, covers some two-thirds of the island and is the habitat of the Kodiak, or Alaskan, brown bear, the largest form of grizzly bear; some 3,000 Kodiak bears inhabit the island. Other wildlife includes red foxes, black-tailed deer, elk,…

Adoor Gopalakrishnan: …second film, the National Award-winning Kodiyettam (1977; “Ascent”), is set in the countryside and concentrates on the protagonist’s attempt to move from a meaningless physical existence toward a more fulfilling emotional one.

Greece: Factionalism in the emerging state: …a basic tension between the kodjabashis, or notables, of the Peloponnese, who were anxious to ensure that they retained the privileged status they had held under the Ottomans, and the military element, associated with such klephtic leaders as Theodoros Kolokotronis, who sought recognition in terms of political power for their…

Togo: Faure Gnassingbé’s presidency: …again representing the ANC, and Agbeyome Kodjo, a former prime minister who had the backing of a new coalition of opposition parties. Gnassingbé was declared the winner with more than 70 percent of the vote; he was followed by Kodjo, who won about 19 percent. Citing allegations of electoral fraud,…

Araki Sadao: …and a leader of the Kōdō-ha (Imperial Way) faction, an ultranationalistic group of the 1930s. He strongly advocated the importance of character building through rigid mental and physical discipline, whereas the dominant Tōseiha (Control) faction emphasized the importance of modernization along with self-discipline.

judo: …and in 1882 founded his Kōdōkan School of judo (from the Chinese jou-tao, or roudao, meaning “gentle way”), the beginning of the sport in its modern form. Kanō eliminated the most dangerous techniques and stressed the practice of randori (free practice), although he also preserved the classical techniques of jujitsu…

Golden Week: …Greenery Day (May 4), and Children’s Day (May 5).

South Asian arts: Medieval temple architecture: South Indian style of Tamil Nadu (7th–18th century): …known as the Mūvarkovil, at Koḍumbāḷūr (c. 875).

crucifixion thorn: Koeberlinia spinosa, the only species of the family Koeberliniaceae, with green thorns at right angles to the branches, produces small, four-petaled, greenish flowers and clusters of black berries. Canotia holacantha, of the family Celastraceae, has ascending green thorns and rushlike green branches; it bears five-petaled…

Charles Koechlin was a composer and teacher who had a strong impact on his own and younger generations of French composers, including the group called “Les Six” by critic Henri Collet. Influenced by Jules Massenet, Gabriel Fauré, and André Gédalge, under whom he studied, Koechlin experimented with

Harold Arlen: …successful collaboration with the lyricist Ted Koehler in 1929 with the song “Get Happy.” From the late 1920s until the mid-1930s Arlen and Koehler wrote a number of songs, including “Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea” and “I’ve Got the World on a String,” that were featured in…

grassland: Biota: >Koeleria. Mixed prairie gave way in the north to a fescue prairie with Festuca and Helictotrichon; in the west, to a short-grass steppe dominated by Bouteloua gracilis and Buchloe dactyloides; and to the east, to a tall-grass prairie with the bluestem grasses Andropogon gerardii

Niger-Congo languages: Classification of Niger-Congo languages: Sigismund W. Koelle, a German missionary of the Church Missionary Society working among freed slaves in Freetown (now in Sierra Leone), produced his monumental work, Polyglotta Africana, in 1854. He obtained lists of 283 words in 156 languages and grouped them so as to reflect…

goldenrain tree, (Koelreuteria paniculata), flowering tree of the soapberry family (Sapindaceae), native to East Asia and widely cultivated in temperate regions for its handsome foliage and curious bladderlike seedpods. The dome-shaped tree grows to about 9 metres (30 feet) tall. The yellow

Fanny Blankers-Koen was a versatile Dutch track-and-field athlete who, at the 1948 Olympics in London, became the first woman to win four gold medals at a single Games. During her career, she set world records in eight different events. She first achieved success as a teenager, winning a Dutch

flatbed press: …flatbed press was built by Friedrich Koenig of Germany and used by The Times of London in 1814.

acoustics: Modern advances: The Prussian physicist Karl Rudolph Koenig, an extremely clever and creative experimenter, designed many of the instruments used for research in hearing and music, including a frequency standard and the manometric flame. The flame-tube device, used to render standing sound waves “visible,” is still one of the most…

Marie-Pierre Koenig was a French army officer who became one of the leading commanders of General Charles de Gaulle’s Free French Forces in World War II. After active duty during World War I and later in North Africa, Koenig campaigned in Norway and France during the early part of World War II.

Marie-Pierre Koenig was a French army officer who became one of the leading commanders of General Charles de Gaulle’s Free French Forces in World War II. After active duty during World War I and later in North Africa, Koenig campaigned in Norway and France during the early part of World War II.

Star Trek: …(George Takei); Ensign Chekov (Walter Koenig); and Mr. Scott (James Doohan), the engineer who controls the Enterprise’s transporter (not to be confused with the transponder, a homing device), dematerializing and rematerializing his shipmates so that they can travel instantly through space.

paprika: A sharper Hungarian variety, Koenigspaprika, or king’s paprika, is made from the whole pepper.

Gigantopithecus: …found by the German-Dutch paleontologist G.H.R. von Koenigswald in Chinese drugstores between 1935 and 1939, where they were known as “dragon’s teeth.” The teeth, though large, have a few similarities to human teeth, and this led some paleomorphologists to speculate that humans might have had “giant” ancestors. Later discoveries of…

Barry Harris: There Pannonica de Koenigswarter—the British scion of the Rothschild dynasty and patroness of the New York jazz scene, which dubbed her the “Jazz Baroness”—befriended Harris and introduced him to many luminaries, including pianist Monk. Harris lived with Monk at de Koenigswarter’s house in Weehawken, New Jersey,…

Kupang, city and capital of East Nusa Tenggara propinsi (or provinsi; province), Timor island, Indonesia. It is located near the southwestern tip of the island on Kupang Bay of the Savu Sea. Roads link it with Soe in the province and Dili in East Timor; Kupang also has an airport and lies on the

Ernest von Koerber was a statesman and prime minister of Austria from 1900 to 1904, who engaged in an ambitious economic expansion program for the Habsburg monarchy but fell because he could not resolve the crisis between Czech and German nationalists in Bohemia. Entering the Austrian

Marie Dressler was a Canadian-born comedian and singer who achieved her greatest success toward the end of her life. Dressler was the daughter of a piano teacher and early in life discovered her ability to make audiences laugh. She made her stage debut in Michigan in 1886 and then performed for

Wright brothers: Early family life: …United Brethren in Christ, and Susan Catherine Koerner Wright, whom Milton had met while he was training for the ministry and while Susan was a student at a United Brethren college in Hartsville, Indiana. Two boys, Reuchlin (1861–1920) and Lorin (1862–1939), were born to the couple before Wilbur was born…

Arthur Koestler was a Hungarian-born British novelist, journalist, and critic, best known for his novel Darkness at Noon (1940). Koestler attended the University of Vienna before entering journalism. Serving as a war correspondent for the British newspaper News Chronicle during the Spanish Civil

Mahakam River, river of east-central Indonesian Borneo (Kalimantan). It rises in Borneo’s central mountain range and flows east-southeast through southern East Kalimantan province for about 400 miles (650 km) before emptying into Makassar Strait in a wide delta. The chief town along its course is

Ogata Kōrin: …of the masters of the Sōtatsu-Kōetsu school of decorative painting. He is particularly famous for his screen paintings, lacquerwork, and textile designs.

Tajikistan: Drainage and soils: …tributaries, notably the Vakhsh and Kofarnihon. The Amu Darya is formed by the confluence of the Panj and Vakhsh rivers; the Panj forms much of the republic’s southern boundary. Most of the rivers flow east to west and eventually drain into the Aral Sea basin. The rivers have two high-water…

Kurt Koffka was a German psychologist and cofounder, with Wolfgang Köhler and Max Wertheimer, of the Gestalt school of psychology. Koffka studied psychology with Carl Stumpf at the University of Berlin and received his Ph.D. degree in 1909. Koffka was associated with the University of Giessen

Greece: The islands of Greece: Another range, the Asteroúsia (Kófinas) Mountains, runs along the south-central coast between the Mesarás Plain and the Libyan Sea. Of Crete’s 650 miles (1,050 km) of rocky coastline, it is the more gradual slope on the northern side of the island that provides several natural harbours and coastal…

Köflach, town, southern Austria, west of Graz. Köflach received market rights in 1170 but did not achieve town status until 1939. It is a rail terminus and has glass and porcelain works. Lignite (brown coal) mines have operated nearby. The Lipizzaner horses (originating from the former Austrian

Charles Atwood Kofoid was an American zoologist whose collection and classification of many new species of marine protozoans helped establish marine biology on a systematic basis. Kofoid graduated from Harvard University (1894) and in 1900 began a long affiliation with the University of California

Koforidua, town, southeastern Ghana. It lies in the Densu River basin, near the southeastern base of the Kwahu Plateau. Koforidua is one of the country’s oldest cocoa-producing centres. With the completion in 1923 of the railway between Accra and Kumasi, it became an important road and rail

Kōfu, capital, Yamanashi ken (prefecture), Honshu, central Japan. It lies in a fertile mountain basin west of the Tokyo-Yokohama metropolitan area. Kōfu was long a centre of sericulture, but it adjusted to the decline in silk demand by producing other textiles, increasing viticulture, and

Japanese architecture: The Nara period: Kōfuku, the titular temple of the powerful Fujiwara clan, originally was established as Yamashina Temple in the area of present-day Kyōto in the mid-7th century. It was relocated to Nara in 710 by clan leader Fujiwara Fuhito (659–720) and given the name Kōfuku. In scale…

Tumulus period, early period (c. ad 250–552) of tomb culture in Japan, characterized by large earthen keyhole-shaped burial mounds (kofun) surrounded by moats. The largest of the 71 known tumuli, 1,500 feet (457 m) long and 120 feet (36 m) high, lie in the Nara (Yamato) Basin of Nara prefecture.

Tumulus period, early period (c. ad 250–552) of tomb culture in Japan, characterized by large earthen keyhole-shaped burial mounds (kofun) surrounded by moats. The largest of the 71 known tumuli, 1,500 feet (457 m) long and 120 feet (36 m) high, lie in the Nara (Yamato) Basin of Nara prefecture.

dietary law: Regulations about the quantity of food and drink consumed: …McCorkle Netting observed that the Kofyar of northern Nigeria “make, drink, talk, and think about beer.” All social relations among them are accompanied by its consumption, and fines are levied in beer payments. Ostracism takes the form of exclusion from beer drinking. Beer plays such a central role in their…

Koga, city, western Ibaraki ken (prefecture), east-central Honshu, Japan. It lies in the northern Kantō Plain at the confluence of the Omoi and Watarase rivers. Koga was an important river port and was a castle town and post town on the Nikkō-kaidō (Nikkō Highway) during the Edo (Tokugawa) period

World War II: The central Pacific: …sponsor of the plan, Admiral Koga Mineichi (Yamamoto’s successor), and his staff were killed in an air disaster. When, on June 15, two U.S. Marine divisions went ashore on Saipan Island in the Marianas, the 30,000 Japanese defenders put up so fierce a resistance that an army division was needed…

Kogaku, (Japanese: “Ancient Learning”), one of three schools of Neo-Confucian studies that developed in Japan during the Tokugawa period (1603–1867). See

Mihail Kogălniceanu was a Romanian statesman and reformer, one of the founders of modern Romanian historiography, who became the first premier of Romania, formed by the union of the Danubian principalities Moldavia and Walachia. In 1840 Kogălniceanu undertook the publication of a national literary

Koganei, city, central Tokyo to (metropolis), east-central Honshu, Japan. It lies on a main rail line heading westward from central Tokyo city and is surrounded by other cities in the metropolis, including Kodaira (north), Musashino (northeast), Chōfu (southeast), and Fuchū (south). During the

Peyo Yavorov: …Polite na Vitosha (1911) and Kogato Gram Udari (1912); a biography of the Macedonian leader Gotsé Delchev; and a book of reminiscences of his fighting days, Haidushki Kopneniya (1908). He committed suicide at the age of 36.

Canadian literature: Fiction: Joy Kogawa’s Obasan (1981) is a skillful “docufiction” describing the internment of Japanese Canadians during World War II; in Chorus of Mushrooms (1994), Hiromi Goto examines the relations between three generations of women in rural Alberta. Chinese Canadian perspectives are presented in Choy’s The Jade…

Køge, city, eastern Sjælland (Zealand), Denmark. The city lies on Køge Bay of The Sound (Øresund). First mentioned in the 11th century and chartered in 1288, it became a market centre and base for herring fisheries in the late 13th century. In 1677 Admiral Niels Juel won a great naval victory over

Armenian literature: Origins and golden age: …“Refutation of the Sects” by Eznik Koghbatsi. This was a polemical work, composed partly from Greek sources, in defense of orthodox Christian belief against—and thereby providing valuable information about—pagan Armenian superstitions, Iranian dualism, Greek philosophy, and the Marcionite heresy. Its pure classical style is unsurpassed in Armenian literature. The work…

Kogi, state, central Nigeria. It was created in 1991 from portions of eastern Kwara and western Benue states. Kogi is bordered by the states of Nassawara to the northeast; Benue to the east; Enugu, Anambra, and Delta to the south; Ondo, Ekiti, and Kwara to the west; and Niger to the north. Abuja

sperm whale: The pygmy and dwarf sperm whales (Kogia breviceps and K. simus) are the only other members of the family Physeteridae. These little-known dolphinlike whales are gray above and white below, and they are quite small—about 2.5 to 4 metres (8 to 13 feet) long. They are…

sperm whale: The pygmy and dwarf sperm whales (Kogia breviceps and K. simus) are the only other members of the family Physeteridae. These little-known dolphinlike whales are gray above and white below, and they are quite small—about 2.5 to 4 metres (8 to 13 feet) long. They are distributed worldwide…

Khandwa, city, southwestern Madhya Pradesh state, central India. It is situated in an upland plateau region north of the Satpura Range on a tributary of the Narmada River. Khandwa is identified with the Kognabanda of the Greek geographer Ptolemy and is traditionally said to have been surrounded by

magatama, chiefly Japanese jade ornament shaped like a comma with a small perforation at the thick end; it was worn as a pendant, and its form may derive from prehistoric animal-tooth pendants. There are also examples with caps made of gold or silver. In Japan, magatamas have been made since the

Cágaba, South American Indian group living on the northern and southern slopes of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta of Colombia. Speakers of an Arhuacan language, the Cágaba have lived in this region of steep ravines and narrow valleys for many centuries. They numbered some 10,000 individuals in the

Goguryeo, the largest of the three kingdoms into which ancient Korea was divided until 668. Goguryeo is traditionally said to have been founded in 37 bce in the Tongge River basin of northern Korea by Chumo, leader of one of the Buyeo tribes native to the area, but modern historians believe it is

Koguryŏ tomb murals, group of wall paintings that typify the painting style prevalent in the Koguryŏ kingdom (37 bce– 668 ce) of the Three Kingdoms period. The Koguryŏ were a horse-riding northern people, and their art was powered by the forceful spirit of a hunter-warrior tribe. Their fresco

Ko Hŭi-dong was a Korean artist who pioneered in the application of Western techniques to traditional painting styles. After World War II, he became a member of the South Korean government of Syngman Rhee. Born into a high-ranking aristocratic family, Ko in 1908 became the first Korean student to

Hindu Kush: Physiography: …in the eastern section, include Koh-i-Bandakor (22,451 feet [6,843 metres]), Koh-i-Mondi (20,498 feet [6,248 metres]), and Mīr Samīr (19,878 feet [6,059 metres]). These peaks are surrounded by a host of lesser mountains. Glaciers are poorly developed, but the mountain passes—which include Putsigrām (13,450 feet [5,000 metres]), Verān (15,400 feet [4,694…

Hindu Kush: Physiography: …Koh-i-Bandakor (22,451 feet [6,843 metres]), Koh-i-Mondi (20,498 feet [6,248 metres]), and Mīr Samīr (19,878 feet [6,059 metres]). These peaks are surrounded by a host of lesser mountains. Glaciers are poorly developed, but the mountain passes—which include Putsigrām (13,450 feet [5,000 metres]), Verān (15,400 feet [4,694 metres]), Rām Gol (15,400 feet…

Koh-i-noor, one of the world’s most famous diamonds, known for its size (105.6 carats) and the controversy concerning its ownership. Part of the British crown jewels since 1849, the Koh-i-noor is claimed by several countries, including India, which has demanded its return. The diamond originally

Kohala Mountains: The building of the Kohala Ditch (1906) channeled water along the mountaintops to the northern sugarcane fields, which spurred the development of the sugar industry (which has since declined).

Kohala Mountains, volcanic range, northern Hawaii island, Hawaii, U.S. The mountains extend 21 miles (34 km) north from Waimea to Upolu Point and reach a high point at Kaumu o Kaleihoohie (5,480 feet [1,670 metres]). The mountains consist of an eroded dome 22 miles (35 km) long and 15 miles (24 km)

cohen, Jewish priest, one who is a descendant of Zadok, founder of the priesthood of Jerusalem when the First Temple was built by Solomon (10th century bc) and through Zadok related to Aaron, the first Jewish priest, who was appointed to that office by his younger brother, Moses. Though laymen such

Kohat, town, south-central Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. The town lies just north of the Kohat Toi River at the entrance to the Kohat Pass, through which a military road was opened in 1901. The new town lies at some distance from the original 14th-century town, traditionally said to have

cohen, Jewish priest, one who is a descendant of Zadok, founder of the priesthood of Jerusalem when the First Temple was built by Solomon (10th century bc) and through Zadok related to Aaron, the first Jewish priest, who was appointed to that office by his younger brother, Moses. Though laymen such

high priest, in Judaism, the chief religious functionary in the Temple of Jerusalem, whose unique privilege was to enter the Holy of Holies (inner sanctum) once a year on Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement, to burn incense and sprinkle sacrificial animal blood to expiate his own sins and those of the

Kohima, town, capital of Nagaland state, northeastern India. The town lies in the Naga Hills, 30 miles (48 km) southeast of the railroad at Dimapur. Kohima was the point of the farthest Japanese advance into British India during World War II. Much of the town was held briefly by Japanese troops in

Kohistan, area of mountainous or hilly tracts in Pakistan and Afghanistan. In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Kohistan is that sparsely populated area of Pakistan which lies west of Chilas in Kashmir and the Kagan Valley. The eastern part is known as Indus Kohistan (for the Indus River), and the

transhumance: …transhumance is that of the Kohistanis of the Swāt area of Pakistan, who range between altitudes of 2,000 and 14,000 feet (600 and 4,300 m). Most Kohistani families possess houses in four or five different settlements, and at any one time of the year nearly the whole population is concentrated…

cosmetic: Kohl (a preparation based on lampblack or antimony) was used to darken the eyelashes and eyebrows and to outline the eyelids. Rouge was used to redden the cheeks, and various white powders were employed to simulate or heighten fairness of complexion. Bath oils were widely…

Vera Wang: Activities in the 21st century: …with the department store chain Kohl’s to produce a more affordable collection of clothes, shoes, jewelry, handbags, and other items under the brand Simply Vera. In 2011 Wang partnered with jewelry store Zales to create a line of engagement and wedding rings—as well as other fashion jewelry—featuring diamonds with blue…

Helmut Kohl was a German politician who served as chancellor of West Germany from 1982 to 1990 and of the reunified German nation from 1990 to 1998. He presided over the integration of East Germany into West Germany in 1990 and thus became the first chancellor of a unified Germany since 1945. Kohl

RJR Nabisco, Inc.: …was merged into investment firm Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. Nabisco and Reynolds became independent with the 1999 spin-off of R.J. Reynolds shares. See Nabisco; R.J. Reynolds Tobacco.

Lawrence Kohlberg was an American psychologist and educator known for his theory of moral development. Kohlberg was the youngest of four children of Alfred Kohlberg, a successful silk merchant of Jewish ancestry, and Charlotte Albrecht Kohlberg, a Protestant and a skilled amateur chemist. When the