wrestling: Loose styles of wrestling, which are used in modern international competition, commence with the wrestlers separated and free to seize any grip that they choose except such as are explicitly forbidden (e.g., taking hold of an opponent’s clothing or using a life-threatening grip, such as…

air warfare: Air superiority: …II Thach weave into the loose deuce, a more flexible formation—either pilot, depending upon the combat situation, could adopt the role of lead fighter while the other covered as wingman—and, as experience over Vietnam would show, one better suited for the jet age.

loosestrife, any of the ornamental plants of the family Lythraceae, especially the genera Lythrum and Decodon, and Lysimachia of the family Primulaceae. Purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria), native to Eurasia and now common in eastern North America, grows 0.6 to 1.8 metres (2 to 6 feet) high on

Myrtales: Family distributions and abundance: Lythraceae, the loosestrife family, containing about 650 species in 31 genera of trees, small shrubs, and perennial herbs, occurs primarily in warmer regions of both the Old World and the New World and is especially diverse in South America and Africa. It now includes the…

Joe Orton: Sloane (1964), Loot (1965), and What the Butler Saw (produced posthumously, 1969), were outrageous and unconventional black comedies that scandalized audiences with their examination of moral corruption, violence, and sexual rapacity. Orton’s writing was marked by epigrammatic wit and an incongruous polish, his characters reacting with comic…

Jacobus van Looy was a Dutch author and painter who personified the close association between art and literature in the late 19th century. Looy wrote first in the direct, personal, “1880” style, as in his popular novel De dood van mijn poes (1889; “The Death of My Cat”). The influence of the

Lop Buri, town, south-central Thailand, north of Bangkok. Lop Buri is a rice-collecting centre situated on the Lop Buri River and on the country’s main north-south highway and railway. Founded as Lavo in the 5th–7th century, it was incorporated into the Khmer empire of Angkor in the 10th or 11th

ear disease: Lop ear: Lop ear, excessive protrusion of the ear from the side of the head, is a more frequent but less serious deformity of the outer ear. Surgery may be performed to bring the ears back to a more normal and less conspicuous position.

Lop Nur, former saline lake in northwestern China that is now a salt-encrusted lake bed. It lies within the Tarim Basin of the eastern Takla Makan Desert, in the Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang, and is one of the most barren areas of China. The former lake, occupying roughly 770 square miles

Lop Nur, former saline lake in northwestern China that is now a salt-encrusted lake bed. It lies within the Tarim Basin of the eastern Takla Makan Desert, in the Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang, and is one of the most barren areas of China. The former lake, occupying roughly 770 square miles

Lampedusa Island, largest (area 8 square miles [21 square km]) of the Isole Pelagie (Pelagie Islands), an island group that includes Linosa and Lampione islets. Administratively Lampedusa is part of the autonomous region of Sicily in Italy. It is located in the Mediterranean Sea between Malta and

rare-earth element: Loparite: Loparite is a complex mineral that is mined primarily for its titanium, niobium, and tantalum content, with the rare earths extracted from the ore as a by-product. This ore is found mainly in the Kola Peninsula in northwest Russia and in Paraguay. Its rare-earth

Sakhalin Island: …5,279 feet (1,609 m) at Mount Lopatin. Vegetation ranges from tundra and stunted forests of birch and willow in the north to dense deciduous forest in the south. Fishing, mainly of crab, herring, cod, and salmon, is the principal economic activity around the coast. Petroleum and natural-gas extraction in the…

Lop Buri, town, south-central Thailand, north of Bangkok. Lop Buri is a rice-collecting centre situated on the Lop Buri River and on the country’s main north-south highway and railway. Founded as Lavo in the 5th–7th century, it was incorporated into the Khmer empire of Angkor in the 10th or 11th

Gabon: Plant and animal life: …has several national parks, including Lopé National Park (originally Lopé-Okanda Wildlife Reserve, founded in 1946) in the centre of the country. The park and related archaeological sites—referred to as the Ecosystem and Relict Cultural Landscape of Lopé-Okanda—were collectively designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2007.

Gabon: Plant and animal life: …has several national parks, including Lopé National Park (originally Lopé-Okanda Wildlife Reserve, founded in 1946) in the centre of the country. The park and related archaeological sites—referred to as the Ecosystem and Relict Cultural Landscape of Lopé-Okanda—were collectively designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2007.

Major Supreme Court Cases from the 2023–24 Term: Loper Bright Enterprises, Inc. v. Raimondo: Argued on January 17, 2024. In June 2021 a federal district court in Washington, D.C., issued a summary judgment in favor of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), a federal agency that regulates commercial fishing in U.S. federal waters,…

antidiarrheal drug: such as codeine and loperamide (Imodium), and anticholinergic drugs, such as dicyclomine and atropine, may be used to slow intestinal motility and to relieve pain associated with abdominal cramping. The opiate derivative diphenoxylate typically is given with atropine in a combination marketed as Lomotil. Although opioids carry a risk…

Baltasar Lopes was an African poet, novelist, and short-story writer, who was instrumental in the shaping of modern Cape Verdean literature. Lopes was educated at the University of Lisbon, where he took a degree in law and in Romance philology. He then returned to Cape Verde and became a

Portuguese literature: The literature of discovery and conquest: …of the chronicler and notary Fernão Lopes de Castanheda, a work that ranks close to those of Barros and Couto.

Baltasar Lopes was an African poet, novelist, and short-story writer, who was instrumental in the shaping of modern Cape Verdean literature. Lopes was educated at the University of Lisbon, where he took a degree in law and in Romance philology. He then returned to Cape Verde and became a

Portugal: Sports and recreation: …and three European championships; and Carlos Lopes won the men’s marathon at the Summer Games in Los Angeles (1984).

Fernão Lopes was a Portuguese historian, the first and greatest of the Portuguese royal chroniclers and the most accomplished writer of 15th-century Portuguese prose. He occupies a special place in medieval historiography because he held that the surest way of arriving at historical truth was

Manuel Lopes was an African poet and novelist, who portrayed the struggle of his people to live in a land besieged by drought, famine, and unemployment. Lopes studied at the University of Coimbra in Portugal, then returned to Cape Verde. In 1944 he took up work for Western Telegraph, and in 1951 he

Sofala: Tomé (or Thomé) Lopes, who accompanied Vasco da Gama to India in 1502 and left a narrative of the voyage, sought to identify Sofala with Solomon’s Ophir and stated that it was the home of the queen of Sheba. The identification of Sofala with Ophir, to which the…

Sofala: Tomé (or Thomé) Lopes, who accompanied Vasco da Gama to India in 1502 and left a narrative of the voyage, sought to identify Sofala with Solomon’s Ophir and stated that it was the home of the queen of Sheba. The identification of Sofala with Ophir, to which the…

George Lopez: …starred in another eponymous sitcom, Lopez, which continued in the autobiographical vein of his other television work. The show acknowledged the breakup of his 17-year marriage and his difficulties (because of his wealth) in reconnecting with old friends. Lopez then appeared in El Chicano, a superhero film featuring an all-Latino…

Spain: The ominous decade, 1823–33: Ministers such as Luis López Ballesteros, a friend of the afrancesados, set the tone with a serious attempt at a government-fostered economic revival.

Venezuela: Technocrats and party politics: Eleazar López Conteras, who had been war minister under Gómez, succeeded him and served as president until 1941. López restored civil liberties, sanctioned political activity, and permitted labour to organize during 1936; but he restored the dictatorship in 1937, when the opposition became too threatening.…

Sebastián López de Arteaga was a Spanish-born painter who introduced tenebrism to Mexican Baroque painting. López de Arteaga was born in Sevilla, Spain, where he grew up the son of a silversmith and brother of an engraver. He may have studied painting with the Baroque master Francisco de Zurbarán.

Spanish literature: Post-Romantic drama and poetry: Adelardo López de Ayala pilloried bourgeois vices in El tejado de vidrio (1857; “The Glass Roof”) and Consuelo (1870). The more than 60 plays of José Echegaray y Eizaguirre include both enormously popular melodramas lacking verisimilitude of character, motivation, and situation and serious bourgeois dramas…

Pedro López de Ayala was a Spanish poet and court chronicler who observed firsthand the happenings of his time and, unlike earlier chroniclers, recorded them objectively. His Crónicas (standard ed., 1779–80) are marked by this personal observation and vivid expression, making them among the first

Mariscal Estigarribia, town, northern Paraguay. It lies in the sparsely settled Chaco Boreal region, on the bank of Mosquitos Creek, which drains into the Paraguay River. Until 1945 it was a military outpost known as López de Filippis; it was renamed to honour the general whose strategy in the

Miguel López de Legazpi was a Spanish explorer who established Spain’s dominion over the Philippines that lasted until the Spanish-American War of 1898. Legazpi went to New Spain (Mexico) in 1545, serving for a time as clerk in the local government. Although Ferdinand Magellan had discovered the

Western architecture: Spain: …the Granada Cathedral (1667), and Eufrasio López de Rojas, with the facade of the cathedral of Jaén (1667), show Spain’s absorption of the concepts of the Baroque at the same time that it maintained a local tradition. The greatest of the Spanish masters was José Benito Churriguera, whose work shows…

Ruy López de Segura was a Spanish priest, the first modern Chess writer and analyst, and developer (though not inventor) of the Ruy López opening, which is still one of the most popular in Chess. It begins with these moves: (1) P-K4, P-K4; (2) Nt-KB3, Nt-QB3; (3) B-N5. López came from Zafra in

Bonin Islands: …discovered by the Spanish navigator Ruy López de Villalobos in 1543 and were vaguely claimed by the United States (1823) and Britain (1825), but they were formally annexed by Japan in 1876. Only a fraction of their total land area—28 square miles (73 square km)—is arable, the remainder being hilly…

El Juli is a Spanish matador, who created a sensation in the bullfighting world at the end of the 20th century. López was nine years old when he caped his first calf, and his parents, recognizing his talent, enrolled him in the Madrid Academy of Tauromachy, where he excelled for four years. Because

Propaganda Movement: In 1888 Filipino expatriate journalist Graciano Lopez Jaena founded the newspaper La Solidaridad in Barcelona. Throughout its course, La Solidaridad urged reforms in both religion and government in the Philippines, and it served as the voice of what became known as the Propaganda Movement. One of the foremost contributors to…

Adolfo López Mateos was a Mexican president (1958–64) who expanded industrial development and agrarian reform. A librarian and teacher of Spanish-American literature, López began his public career with an assignment to the UN. He was elected federal senator (1946–52) and later appointed

Alfonso López Michelsen was a Colombian politician, who was president of Colombia (1974–78). López Michelsen was the son of Alfonso López Pumarejo, who was twice president of Colombia (1934–38 and 1942–45). He was educated in Bogotá, Paris, London, and Brussels, with postgraduate studies at

Mijaín López is a Cuban Greco-Roman wrestler who was considered one of the sport’s greatest athletes. He was the first male wrestler to win four Olympic gold medals. López began wrestling when he was 10 years old. His large stature was well suited to wrestling—he was nicknamed “the Kid” as an

Andrés Manuel López Obrador is a centre-left populist Mexican politician who was elected president of Mexico in July 2018. Previously he served as head of the Federal District government (2000–05) and ran unsuccessfully for president in 2006 and 2012. López Obrador was born into a provincial

Domingo Ortega was a Spanish matador noted for his daring and for his contribution to the literature of bullfighting. Ortega came from a family of labourers and began bullfighting in 1928. He first appeared as a matador on March 8, 1931, and continued to fight for more than 20 years. He was one of

Nicaragua: The Somoza years: …term, a Liberal poet named Rigoberto López Pérez shot the president, who died eight days later. Congress at once gave Luis Somoza Debayle his father’s position, and in February 1957 he was dubiously elected to his own term (1957–63). Somoza Debayle ruled more gently than his father had. He accepted…

José López Portillo was a Mexican lawyer, economist, and writer, who was president of Mexico from 1976 to 1982. López Portillo attended the National Autonomous University of Mexico and the University of Chile. He then practiced law and later was professor of law, political science, and public

José López Portillo was a Mexican lawyer, economist, and writer, who was president of Mexico from 1976 to 1982. López Portillo attended the National Autonomous University of Mexico and the University of Chile. He then practiced law and later was professor of law, political science, and public

Colombia: The era of the Liberals, 1930–46: …predecessors had, the presidency of Alfonso López Pumarejo (1934–38) brought a series of reforms called the “Revolution on the March.” The most important social act of the López regime established effective occupancy as the legal basis for tenure (1936), thus upholding the rights of thousands of peasant squatters against the…

José López Rega was an Argentine politician and political confidante who was the virtual prime minister during the regime of President Isabel Martínez de Perón. A retired police corporal and longtime right-wing Peronista leader, López Rega acted as private secretary to Juan Perón during the

Luisa Moreno was a Guatemalan-born labour organizer and civil rights activist who, over the course of a 20-year career in public life, became one of the most prominent Latina women in the international workers’ rights movement. Blanca Rosa Lopez Rodrigues was born to an upper-class family in

William Brennan: California and Lopez v. United States (both 1963), Brennan argued for the right to privacy as implicit in the Fourth Amendment (which prohibits unlawful search and seizure). His decision for the court in Baker v. Carr (1962), which established the principle of “one person, one vote,” provided…

Ramón López Velarde was a postmodernist Mexican poet who incorporated French Symbolist techniques into the treatment of purely Mexican themes. López Velarde studied law and was a journalist and civil servant. His first book of poems, La sangre devota (1916; “Devout Blood”), treats the simplicity of

George Lopez: …later cocreated and starred in Lopez vs. Lopez (2022– ), a sitcom that highlights the rocky relationship between a father and daughter (played by his real-life daughter, Mayan Lopez).

Gregorio López y Fuentes was a novelist who was one of the most important chroniclers of the Mexican Revolution and its effects. In his youth he spent much time in his father’s general store, where he came in contact with the Indians, farmers, and labourers of the region, whose lives he would later

Barry Lopez was an American writer best known for his books on natural history and the environment. In such works as Of Wolves and Men (1978) and Arctic Dreams: Imagination and Desire in a Northern Landscape (1986; National Book Award), Lopez employed natural history as a metaphor for wider moral

Barry Lopez was an American writer best known for his books on natural history and the environment. In such works as Of Wolves and Men (1978) and Arctic Dreams: Imagination and Desire in a Northern Landscape (1986; National Book Award), Lopez employed natural history as a metaphor for wider moral

Carlos Antonio López was the second dictator of Paraguay, who ended his country’s isolation, sought to modernize Paraguay, and became deeply involved in international disputes. López was the son of poor parents, reportedly of Indian and Spanish descent. After attending the San Carlos Seminary in

Salvador Sanchez: …champion by knocking out American Danny (“Little Red”) Lopez in the 13th round on Feb. 2, 1980. Sanchez successfully defended the WBC title four times that year, including a 14th-round knockout of Lopez in a rematch on June 21. His most memorable title fight was on Aug. 21, 1981, when…

Francisco Solano López was the dictator of Paraguay during the Paraguayan War (also known as the War of the Triple Alliance), in which Paraguay was practically destroyed by Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay. López, the eldest son of the dictator Carlos Antonio López, seized power upon his father’s

George Lopez is an American comedian, actor, and talk show host known for his effusive stage persona and comically bleak depictions of the Mexican American experience. Lopez was raised by his maternal grandmother, a factory worker, and her second husband, a construction worker, in the Mission Hills

George Lopez is an American comedian, actor, and talk show host known for his effusive stage persona and comically bleak depictions of the Mexican American experience. Lopez was raised by his maternal grandmother, a factory worker, and her second husband, a construction worker, in the Mission Hills

Tejano: …the mid-1950s bandleader and vocalist Isidro López had made crooning a staple of banda; however, his addition of the bajo sexto and the accordion to the orchestral lineup was reversed by Oscar Martínez, whose band featured a brass-oriented instrumentation that would remain the template for banda (two trumpets, alto and…

Jennifer Lopez is a global superstar known to fans as simply “J.Lo.” She built a massively successful triple-threat career as an actress, dancer, and musician. She began appearing in films in the late 1980s and quickly became one of the highest-paid Latina actresses in the history of Hollywood. She

Jennifer Lopez is a global superstar known to fans as simply “J.Lo.” She built a massively successful triple-threat career as an actress, dancer, and musician. She began appearing in films in the late 1980s and quickly became one of the highest-paid Latina actresses in the history of Hollywood. She

Colombia: Conservative-Liberal struggle, 1840–80: José Hilario López, of the radical faction of the Liberal Party, became president. It was his task to implement the reforms passed in 1850, which galvanized political sentiment and divided the country politically and economically for half a century. The guiding principle of the radical…

José Luis Sert was a Spanish-born American architect noted for his work in city planning and urban development. After graduation from the School of Architecture, Barcelona (1929), Sert worked with Le Corbusier and Pierre Jeanneret in Paris. From 1929 to 1937 he had his own architectural office in

Salvador Sanchez: …champion by knocking out American Danny (“Little Red”) Lopez in the 13th round on Feb. 2, 1980. Sanchez successfully defended the WBC title four times that year, including a 14th-round knockout of Lopez in a rematch on June 21. His most memorable title fight was on Aug. 21, 1981, when…

Luis Carlos López was a poet who is famous for his depictions of the people and life of his native city. Except for short periods during which he served in minor consular posts in Munich and Baltimore, López spent his entire life in Cartagena. His acute observations of the provincial society in

Mijaín López is a Cuban Greco-Roman wrestler who was considered one of the sport’s greatest athletes. He was the first male wrestler to win four Olympic gold medals. López began wrestling when he was 10 years old. His large stature was well suited to wrestling—he was nicknamed “the Kid” as an

golf: The Ladies Professional Golf Association (LPGA): …emerge during the ’70s was Nancy Lopez, who, by winning nine tournaments (including a record five straight) during her first full season on the tour (1978), was a major force in increasing the popularity and prestige of the LPGA.

flag of Cuba: …exiles under the leadership of Narciso López adopted a flag suggested by the poet Miguel Teurbe Tolón. His design, which later became the national flag, incorporated three blue stripes representing the three military districts of Spanish-dominated Cuba and two white stripes symbolizing the purity of the patriot cause. The red…

Niger-Congo languages: Early records: …based on information provided by Oduardo Lopez, a Portuguese traveler to Luanda in 1578. The first extant book written in a Niger-Congo language was published in 1624. This 134-page book was the work of three Jesuit priests. It consists of a catechism in Portuguese with an interlinear translation into Kongo.

The Book of Mormon: …deliberately offensive stage musical by Robert Lopez, Trey Parker, and Matt Stone that satirizes religious belief in general and the doctrines of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) in particular. The show premiered on Broadway at the Eugene O’Neill Theatre on March 24, 2011, and won nine…

Bruce Springsteen: Without The Big Man: …pianist David Sancious and drummer Vini Lopez—were selected in 2013 for induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as members of the E Street Band.

Anousheh Ansari: … of Russia and flight engineer Michael Lopez-Alegria of the United States. On September 20, 2006, the spacecraft docked to the International Space Station, where Ansari spent eight days. She performed a series of experiments concerning human physiology for the European Space Agency, was interviewed from space for an astronomy show…

goosefish, any of about 25 species of anglerfishes of the family Lophiidae (order Lophiiformes), found in warm and temperate seas around the world. Goosefishes are soft and flabby with wide, flattened heads and slender, tapering bodies. They may grow to a maximum length and weight of about 1.8

anglerfish, any of about 210 species of marine fishes of the order Lophiiformes. Anglers are named for their method of “fishing” for their prey. The foremost spine of the dorsal fin is located on the head and is modified into a “fishing rod” tipped with a fleshy “bait.” Prey fishes attracted to

maned rat, (Lophiomys imhausi), a long-haired and bushy-tailed East African rodent that resembles a porcupine and is named for its mane of long, coarse black-and-white-banded hairs that begins at the top of the head and extends beyond the base of the tail. The maned rat is a large rodent (up to 2.7

mangabey: … of the genera Cercocebus and Lophocebus, found in African tropical forests. Mangabeys are fairly large quadrupedal monkeys with cheek pouches and deep depressions under the cheekbones. Species range in head and body length from about 40 to almost 90 cm (16–35 inches) and weigh up to about 11 kg (24…

mangabey: The gray-cheeked mangabey (L. albigena) is found from eastern Nigeria eastward into Uganda; it has a gargoylelike face with thinly haired gray or white cheeks and scruffy hair on the crown. Living in dispersed troops of several males and females, they rest between feeding bouts characteristically…

mangabey: The black mangabey (L. aterrimus) has long curved gray whiskers on the cheeks and a coconut-like crest on the crown; it replaces the gray-cheeked species south of the Congo River. A little-known subspecies of the black mangabey, Opdenbosch’s mangabey (L. aterrimus opdenboschi) has a shorter crest,…

kipunji, (Rungwecebus kipunji), arboreal species of monkeys that occur in two populations in the Eastern Arc forests of Tanzania: one in the Ndundulu forest in the Udzungwa Mountains, the other in the Rungwe-Livingstone forest of the Southern Highlands. It is light brown in colour with white on the

mangabey: …subspecies of the black mangabey, Opdenbosch’s mangabey (L. aterrimus opdenboschi) has a shorter crest, and the thick straight cheek whiskers are black like the body; it is confined to a few gallery forests on the rivers south of the Congo. The kipunji (Rungwecebus kipunji) was initially placed in the genus…

perissodactyl: Teeth: …of this kind are called lophodont. Lower molars typically have two transverse lophs, the protoloph and the metaloph. In the upper molars these ridges are fused with a longitudinal ridge (ectoloph), which runs along the outer edge of the tooth. Further development leads to a convoluted arrangement of the lophs,…

perissodactyl: Teeth: …of this kind are called lophodont. Lower molars typically have two transverse lophs, the protoloph and the metaloph. In the upper molars these ridges are fused with a longitudinal ridge (ectoloph), which runs along the outer edge of the tooth. Further development leads to a convoluted arrangement of the lophs,…

merganser: Quite different is the hooded merganser (M., or Lophodytes, cucullatus) of temperate North America, a small, tree-nesting species of woodland waterways.

malacostracan: Annotated classification: Order Lophogastrida Late Carboniferous to Holocene; carapace large, ridged, covering thorax; ventral plates of thorax evenly widened; thoracic legs 7-segmented, weakly modified for grasping prey; abdomen basically 7-segmented; pleopods slender, branches segmented; deep-sea, free swimming; 3 families. Order Mysidacea Jurassic to Holocene; carapace short,

tilefish, any of about 40 species of elongated marine fishes in the family Malacanthidae (order Perciformes), with representatives occurring in tropical and warm temperate seas. Malacanthidae is formally divided into the subfamilies Malacanthinae and Latilinae; however, some taxonomists consider

hypermastigote: Representative genera are Lophomonas in the cockroach and Holomastigotoides in the termite. Hypermastigotes are essential to termites’ digestive processes, and the protozoans may account for half the total weight of the host. Some hypermastigotes are able to survive only in certain termite species.

peyote: …other species of the genus, false peyote (Lophophora diffusa), grows in a small area in central Mexico. Its flowers are white to yellow, and the body is yellow-green. The plant does not contain mescaline, though it is still sometimes consumed as a hallucinogen.

peyote, (Lophophora williamsii), species of hallucinogenic cactus (family Cactaceae). Peyote is found only on limestone soils of the Chihuahuan desert of southern Texas and northern Mexico. Averaging about eight centimetres (three inches) wide and five centimetres (two inches) tall, the body of the

lophophorate, any of three phyla of aquatic invertebrate animals that possess a lophophore, a fan of ciliated tentacles around the mouth. Movements of the cilia create currents of water that carry food particles toward the mouth. The lophophorates include the moss animals (phylum Bryozoa), lamp

lamp shells: Behaviour and ecology: …to the filaments of the lophophore, a horseshoe-shaped organ that filters food particles from the seawater. Cilia in lophophore grooves bring food particles, often trapped in mucus, to the mouth. Brachiopods feed on minute organisms or organic particles. Articulate brachiopods, which have a blind intestine, may depend partly on dissolved…

lophophore hypothesis, viewpoint that conodonts, small toothlike structures found as fossils in marine rocks over a long span of geologic time, are actually parts of and supports for a lophophore organ used for respiration and for gathering or straining minute organisms to be used as food.

monal, any of several Asian pheasant species. See

pheasant: The male Himalayan Impeyan (Lophophorus impejanus) has a metallic-green head and throat, coppery nape and neck, green-gold mantle, purplish wings, white back, orangish tail, and black underparts; the hen is streaked brown. The Chinese monal (L. lhuysii), now found only in western China, is an endangered species.

Lophophyllum, extinct genus of solitary marine corals found as fossils especially characteristic of the Late Carboniferous Epoch (between 318 million and 299 million years ago) in North America. Lophophyllum, included in the horn corals (so named because of the hornlike form of the individual),

Malpighiales: Putranjivaceae and Lophopyxidaceae: Lophopyxidaceae contains just one species, Lophopyxis maingayi, which is found from Malesia to the Solomon and Caroline islands. It is a tendrillate lianas, with small flowers, a five-winged fruit, and a single seed.

bird-of-paradise: The superb bird-of-paradise (Lophorina superba) has a spreading breast shield and a broad cape that turns into a head-fan. The magnificent bird-of-paradise (Diphyllodes magnificus) and Wilson’s bird-of-paradise (D. respublica) are caped and have two wirelike tail feathers curving outward; in Wilson’s the crown is bare and…

quail: …California, or valley, quail (Callipepla californica) and Gambel’s, or desert, quail (Lophortyx gambelii). Both species have a head plume (larger in males) curling forward.