quail: …Gambel’s, or desert, quail (Lophortyx gambelii). Both species have a head plume (larger in males) curling forward.

Dicksoniaceae: Lophosoria quadripinnata, once assigned to its own family (Lophosoriaceae), is now assigned to Dicksoniaceae. The plant is widespread in Neotropical mountains, from southern Mexico to Bolivia and Brazil. It also occurs on some islands, including Cuba and the Juan Fernández Islands. L. quadripinnata is a…

Lophospira, genus of extinct gastropods (snails) found as fossils in marine rocks of Ordovician to Devonian age (488 million to 359 million years old). The shell consists of a series of whorls arranged much like a series of ascending steps, each successive whorl smaller than the one below it. The

atheriniform: Natural history: …remarkable modification in one lampridiform, Lophotes, is the presence of an ink sac, discharging a viscous, black secretion into the hindgut, thence into the water. These fishes probably use their ink as a defense mechanism, as do squids. Stylephorus, a highly modified deep-sea lampridiform, has projecting, telescopic eyes.

gruiform: Courtship: The crested bustard (Lophotis ruficrista) of Africa has an aerial display flight in which it rises about 100 feet (30 metres) into the air and then planes steeply back to earth.

Jean Theodore Delacour: …from northern Vietnam, named them imperial pheasants, and later succeeded in breeding them in captivity. Many other new species and subspecies of birds and mammals were discovered and named by him.

African spiny mouse: …forest mouse (Deomys ferrugineus), and brush-furred rats (genus Lophuromys).

lopolith, igneous intrusion associated with a structural basin, with contacts that are parallel to the bedding of the enclosing rocks. In an ideal example, the enclosing sediments above and below the lopolith dip inward from all sides toward the centre, so that the lopolith is concave upward.

Anna Banti was an Italian biographer, critic, and author of fiction about women’s struggles for equality of opportunity. Banti acquired a degree in art and became literary editor of the important arts journal Paragone. Her early fiction, including short stories and the novel Sette lune (1941;

Anna Banti was an Italian biographer, critic, and author of fiction about women’s struggles for equality of opportunity. Banti acquired a degree in art and became literary editor of the important arts journal Paragone. Her early fiction, including short stories and the novel Sette lune (1941;

Indian grass: …Indian grass (Sorghastrum elliottii) and lopsided Indian grass (S. secundum).

Eudoxia was the tsarina and first wife of Peter I the Great of Russia. In 1689 she was given in marriage to Peter, a bridegroom of only 17. Endowed with beauty but lacking intelligence and ambition, she had little in common with the young tsar, whose chief interest was the mechanics of war. In 1698

Western dance: The Soviet ballet: …the daring choreographic experiments of Fyodor Lopukhov (1886–1973) and others. Despite the official imposition of “socialist realism” as the criterion of artistic acceptability in 1932, ballet gained enormous popularity with the Soviet people. They loved their dancers, who were superbly trained by generations of teachers under the leadership of Agrippina…

loquat, (Eriobotrya japonica), subtropical tree of the rose family (Rosaceae) grown for its evergreen foliage and edible fruit. The loquat is native to central eastern China. It was introduced to Japan more than 1,000 years ago, where it was developed horticulturally and is still highly valued.

Convolvulaceae: Major genera and species: The seeds of two species, Turbina corymbosa and Ipomoea violacea, are sources of hallucinogenic drugs of historical interest and contemporary concern.

Lora del Río, town, Sevilla provincia (province), in the comunidad autónoma (autonomous community) of Andalusia, southwestern Spain. It lies about 34 miles (55 km) northeast of Sevilla city on the Guadalquivir River. Olive oil and canned goods are produced there, and fighting bulls are raised in

Lorain, city, Lorain county, northern Ohio, U.S. It is located on Lake Erie at the mouth of the Black River, about 5 miles (8 km) northwest of Elyria and 25 miles (40 km) west of Cleveland. Moravian missionaries camped briefly on the site in 1787, but the first permanent settler was Nathan Perry,

John Lorain was an American farmer, merchant, agricultural writer, and the first person to create a hybrid by combining two types of corn. His experiments anticipated the methods employed in the century following his death. Lorain was born in the North American colony of Maryland. After managing a

Loralai, town, northeastern Balochistan province, Pakistan. The town lies just north of the Loralai River, at 4,700 feet (1,430 metres) above sea level. Founded in 1886, it is connected by road with Harnai, Zhob, Pishin, and Dera Ghazi Khan. The surrounding region consists of a series of long,

loran, land-based system of radio navigation, first developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology during World War II for military ships and aircraft located within 600 miles (about 970 km) of the American coast. In the 1950s a more accurate (within 0.3 mile [0.5 km]), longer-range system

loran, land-based system of radio navigation, first developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology during World War II for military ships and aircraft located within 600 miles (about 970 km) of the American coast. In the 1950s a more accurate (within 0.3 mile [0.5 km]), longer-range system

loran, land-based system of radio navigation, first developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology during World War II for military ships and aircraft located within 600 miles (about 970 km) of the American coast. In the 1950s a more accurate (within 0.3 mile [0.5 km]), longer-range system

Budapest: Buda, Óbuda, and Pest: …1949 it has been called Loránd Eötvös University. In 1783 Joseph II turned Buda into the country’s administrative centre; that same year the Curia (High Court) was moved to Buda, and the university was transferred to Pest. For centuries floods were a serious problem, and one in 1838 took a…

Canadian literature: The Montreal School, 1895–1935: …poet who anticipated future trends, Jean-Aubert Loranger (Les Atmosphères [1920; "Atmospheres"]), was ignored.

Stefan Lorant was a Hungarian-born American editor, author, and pioneer in photojournalism who is also well known for his pictorial histories of American presidents. Lorant attended the Academy of Economics in Budapest and then worked as a director, cameraman, and editor of films in Vienna and

Loranthaceae, one of the mistletoe families of the sandalwood order (Santalales), having approximately 77 genera and about 950 species of parasitic flowering trees or shrubs. Nearly all of the Loranthaceae are limited to the tropics. The plants range in size from small herbs to trees up to 10

Loras College, private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Dubuque, Iowa, U.S. Affiliated with the Roman Catholic church, the college is a liberal arts institution that offers undergraduate study in business, communications, and arts and sciences and awards master’s degrees in

Dr. Seuss: The Cat in the Hat, How the Grinch Stole Christmas!, and other classics of Dr. Seuss: …this period, Geisel also wrote The Lorax (1971), in which he expressed concern for the environment. The cautionary tale centers on a businessman who destroys a forest of Truffula trees—despite the protest of the Lorax, who speaks up because “the trees have no tongues”—and, when left with a desolate landscape,…

lorazepam, drug used in the treatment of anxiety disorders, sleep disorders, and epilepsy, as a sedative, and to induce amnesia, generally in the context of surgical procedures. Lorazepam was approved for these uses by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1977. It is marketed under

lorazepam, drug used in the treatment of anxiety disorders, sleep disorders, and epilepsy, as a sedative, and to induce amnesia, generally in the context of surgical procedures. Lorazepam was approved for these uses by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1977. It is marketed under

Lorca, city, Murcia provincia (province) and comunidad autónoma (autonomous community), southeastern Spain. It is situated along the Guadalentín River in a semiarid and steppelike area that is surrounded by rugged mountains. The city, which sits on both banks of the river, was the Ilurco (Ilukro)

obesity: Treatment of obesity: Two of them are Belviq (lorcaserin hydrochloride) and Qsymia (phentermine and topiramate). Belviq decreases obese individuals’ cravings for carbohydrate-rich foods by stimulating the release of serotonin, which normally is triggered by carbohydrate intake. Qsymia leverages the weight-loss side effects of topiramate, an

cup fungus: …of Gyromitra, a genus of false morels, are poisonous. G. brunnea is edible, however, and is found in sandy soils or woods.

lord, in the British Isles, a general title for a prince or sovereign or for a feudal superior (especially a feudal tenant who holds directly from the king, i.e., a baron). In the United Kingdom the title today denotes a peer of the realm, whether or not he sits in Parliament as a member of the

Admiral’s Men, a theatrical company in Elizabethan and Jacobean England. About 1576–79 they were known as Lord Howard’s Men, so called after their patron Charles Howard, 1st earl of Nottingham, 2nd Baron Howard of Effingham. In 1585, when Lord Howard became England’s lord high admiral, the company

Scotland: Justice: The lord advocate and the solicitor general for Scotland are the Scottish Executive’s law officers, charged with representing the Scottish government in court cases. The lord advocate also serves as Scotland’s public prosecutor. Both are appointed by the British monarch on the recommendation of the first…

Byron Nelson was an American professional golfer who dominated the sport in the late 1930s and ’40s. Known for his fluid swing, he won a record 11 consecutive professional tournaments in 1945. Nelson began as a caddie at the age of 12 and became a professional in 1932. He won the U.S. Open (1939),

Virgil Thomson: A later opera was Lord Byron (1968), which combined and unified Thomson’s various compositional styles. His instrumental music included two symphonies, several symphonic poems, and concerti for cello and flute (composed 1950 and 1954, respectively).

Obscene Publications Act, in British law, either of two codifications of prohibitions against obscene literature adopted in 1857 and in much revised form in 1959. The earlier act, also called Lord Campbell’s Act (one of several laws named after chief justice and chancellor John Campbell, 1st Baron

Joshua Reynolds: Later years: …works as the portraits of Lord Cathcart (1753/54) and Lord Ludlow (1755). Of his domestic portraits, those of Nelly O’Brien (1760–62) and of Georgiana, Countess Spencer, and her daughter (1761) are especially notable for their tender charm and careful observation.

Rebecca Riots: …act of 1844, known as Lord Cawdor’s Act, amended the turnpike trust laws in Wales and lessened the burden of the tollgate system.

lord chamberlain, an important officer of the British royal household, to be distinguished from the lord great chamberlain, whose office also evolved from that of the chamberlain at the Norman court. The office of lord chamberlain, unlike that of the lord great chamberlain, is not hereditary, but

Lord Chamberlain’s Men, a London-based theatrical company with which William Shakespeare was intimately connected for most of his professional career as a dramatist. It was the most important company of players in Elizabethan and Jacobean England. The troupe’s early history is somewhat complicated.

lord chancellor, British officer of state who is custodian of the great seal and a cabinet minister. The lord chancellor traditionally served as head of the judiciary and speaker of the House of Lords. In 2006, however, the post’s role was redefined following the implementation of several

Hugo von Hofmannsthal: …“Ein Brief” (also called “Chandos Brief,” 1902). This essay was more than the revelation of a personal predicament; it has come to be recognized as symptomatic of the crisis that undermined the esthetic Symbolist movement of the end of the century.

lord chief justice, the head of the judiciary of England and Wales. The lord chief justice traditionally served as head of the Queen’s (or King’s) Bench Division of the High Court of Justice and as head of the Criminal Division of the Court of Appeal. Under a constitutional reform of 2005 that was

Lord Dunmore’s War, (1774), Virginia-led attack on the Shawnee Indians of Kentucky, removing the last obstacle to colonial conquest of that area. During the early 1770s the Shawnee watched with growing distress the steady encroachment upon their rich Kentucky hunting grounds by white trappers,

George Sanger was an English circus impresario who was the proprietor, with his brother John Sanger, of one of England’s biggest circuses in the 19th century. (See also circus: 19th-century developments.) Sanger was an assistant in his father’s touring peep show. In 1853 he and his brother formed

lord chamberlain: …to be distinguished from the lord great chamberlain, whose office also evolved from that of the chamberlain at the Norman court. The office of lord chamberlain, unlike that of the lord great chamberlain, is not hereditary, but it is always held by a peer and a privy councilor. Formerly, the…

common-law marriage: …were valid in England until Lord Hardwicke’s Act of 1753. The act did not apply to Scotland, however, and for many years thereafter couples went north across the border to thwart the ban. On the European continent, common-law marriages were frequent in the Middle Ages, but their legality was abolished…

Admiralty: …officer of state” called the lord high admiral of England. Early in the 18th century this office was placed in the hands of commissioners known as the Board of Admiralty. The board derived its powers from the royal prerogative; no act of Parliament defined or circumscribed them, except inasmuch as…

lord chancellor, British officer of state who is custodian of the great seal and a cabinet minister. The lord chancellor traditionally served as head of the judiciary and speaker of the House of Lords. In 2006, however, the post’s role was redefined following the implementation of several

lord high steward, an honorific office that came to England with the Norman ducal household. From 1153 it was held by the earls of Leicester and then of Lancaster until it came into the hands of John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster, who assumed control over the minor King Richard II and strengthened

Admiral’s Men, a theatrical company in Elizabethan and Jacobean England. About 1576–79 they were known as Lord Howard’s Men, so called after their patron Charles Howard, 1st earl of Nottingham, 2nd Baron Howard of Effingham. In 1585, when Lord Howard became England’s lord high admiral, the company

Lord Howe Island, island dependency of New South Wales, Australia. It is situated in the southwestern Pacific Ocean some 435 miles (700 km) northeast of Sydney. The island is volcanic in origin and crescent-shaped, with two peaks (Mounts Gower and Lidgbird), each rising above 2,500 feet (760

Ontong Java Atoll, atoll in the country of Solomon Islands, southwestern Pacific Ocean, 160 miles (257 km) north of Santa Isabel Island. A large coral formation measuring some 20 miles (32 km) by 50 miles (80 km), the atoll was visited by the Dutch navigator Abel Janszoon Tasman in 1643 and was

Lord Jim, novel by Joseph Conrad, published in 1900. The work, originally intended as a short story, grew to a full-length novel as Conrad explored in great depth the perplexing, ambiguous problem of lost honour and guilt, expiation and heroism. The title character is a man haunted by guilt over an

Richard Brooks: Heyday: The ambitious Lord Jim (1965), with Peter O’Toole as the guilt-racked protagonist of Joseph Conrad’s novel, was considered by some to be self-indulgent, although most of the reviews were largely positive. Brooks had greater success with the action-packed The Professionals (1966), which was one of the decade’s…

John Sanger was an English circus impresario who was, with his brother George Sanger, the proprietor of one of the largest and most important English circuses in the 19th century. (See also circus: 19th-century developments.) Sanger was an assistant in his father’s touring peep show, and he and his

lord chancellor, British officer of state who is custodian of the great seal and a cabinet minister. The lord chancellor traditionally served as head of the judiciary and speaker of the House of Lords. In 2006, however, the post’s role was redefined following the implementation of several

crime: Trial procedure: …a committee, known as the Lord Lieutenant’s Advisory Committee, for the particular county in which they are to sit. Magistrates, who are attended by a legally qualified clerk, develop significant experience in their work, but they are not considered professionals. In large cities there are professional, legally qualified magistrates, known…

Joshua Reynolds: Later years: …of Lord Cathcart (1753/54) and Lord Ludlow (1755). Of his domestic portraits, those of Nelly O’Brien (1760–62) and of Georgiana, Countess Spencer, and her daughter (1761) are especially notable for their tender charm and careful observation.

Tom Stoppard: …same year his only novel, Lord Malquist & Mr. Moon, was published. His play was the greater success: it entered the repertory of Britain’s National Theatre in 1967 and rapidly became internationally renowned. The irony and brilliance of this work derive from Stoppard’s placing two minor characters of Shakespeare’s Hamlet…

Monmouthshire: …area as one of the marcher lordships. These landed estates in eastern Wales and western England were independent of the English crown’s direct legal control, which gave rise to much lawlessness in the region.

Lord Melbourne was a British prime minister from July 16 to November 14, 1834, and from April 18, 1835, to August 30, 1841. He was also Queen Victoria’s close friend and chief political adviser during the early years of her reign (from June 20, 1837). Although a Whig and an advocate of political

master of the animals, supernatural figure regarded as the protector of game in the traditions of foraging peoples. The name was devised by Western scholars who have studied such hunting and gathering societies. In some traditions, the master of the animals is believed to be the ruler of the forest

Michael Flatley: His response was to develop Lord of the Dance, a spectacular Las Vegas-style Celtic dance show that featured Flatley at his most flamboyant.

Lord of the Flies, British adventure-drama film, released in 1963, that was based on the acclaimed allegorical 1954 novel of the same name by Nobel Prize-winning author William Golding. Set at the onset of an unnamed war, the film opens as a British plane carrying evacuees crashes onto an

Lord of the Flies, novel by William Golding, published in 1954. The book explores the dark side of human nature and stresses the importance of reason and intelligence as tools for dealing with the chaos of existence. In the novel, children are evacuated from Britain because of a nuclear war. One

Shota Rustaveli: …the author of Vepkhvistqaosani (The Knight in the Panther’s Skin, or The Lord of the Panther-Skin), the Georgian national epic.

The Lord of the Rings, three film scores by Canadian composer Howard Shore for the films The Fellowship of the Ring (2001), The Two Towers (2002), and The Return of the King (2003), based on the three-part fantasy novel The Lord of the Rings (1954–56) by J.R.R. Tolkien. Shore won three Oscars and

Peter Jackson: For The Lord of the Rings, Jackson took the unprecedented step of shooting all three installments of the fantasy saga simultaneously, over a 15-month period in New Zealand. In addition to directing the films, he also cowrote the screenplays. The three movies—The Fellowship of the Ring…

A.R. Rahman: …project, a musical version of The Lord of the Rings, premiered in Toronto in 2006. Budgeted at $25 million, the production teamed Rahman with the Finnish folk ensemble Värttinä to compose a musical score that captured the otherworldliness of J.R.R. Tolkien’s creations. While the play met with harsh reviews in…

The Lord of the Rings, fantasy novel by J.R.R. Tolkien initially published in three parts as The Fellowship of the Ring (1954), The Two Towers (1955), and The Return of the King (1955). The novel, set in the Third Age of Middle-earth, formed a sequel to Tolkien’s The Hobbit (1937) and was succeeded

Peter Jackson: The three movies—The Fellowship of the Ring (2001), The Two Towers (2002), and The Return of the King (2003)—were both critically and commercially successful. Jackson received Academy Awards for best director and for best adapted screenplay (which he shared with Walsh and Philippa Boyens) for The Return…

Renée Fleming: …vocals for such movies as The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003) and Bel Canto (2018).

Peter Jackson: …Fellowship of the Ring (2001), The Two Towers (2002), and The Return of the King (2003)—were both critically and commercially successful. Jackson received Academy Awards for best director and for best adapted screenplay (which he shared with Walsh and Philippa Boyens) for The Return of the King, which won a…

Jared Leto: Room (2002), Highway (2002), Lord of War (2005), and Lonely Hearts (2006), and then he put on 60 pounds (27 kg) for his portrayal of John Lennon’s killer, Mark David Chapman, in the widely panned film Chapter 27 (2007).

Ordainer, one of a committee of 21 nobles and prelates who opposed Edward II and framed a body of “Ordinances” intended to regulate his household and power. Conflict began soon after Edward II’s accession in 1307. The King was tactless; and, after July 1309, when Thomas, earl of Lancaster, became

George Meredith: Mature works. of George Meredith: Lord Ormont and His Aminta (1894), unlike its predecessor, was praised for the brilliancy and clarity of its style. The final novel, The Amazing Marriage (1895), repeats the theme of Lord Ormont—that a wife is free to leave a husband who does not recognize her…

Lord Palmerston was an English Whig-Liberal statesman whose long career, including many years as British foreign secretary (1830–34, 1835–41, and 1846–51) and prime minister (1855–58 and 1859–65), made him a symbol of British nationalism. The christening of Henry John Temple in the “House of

lord president of the council, in the United Kingdom, one of the great officers of state and a member of the ministry who formally directs the privy council. It was only in 1679 that the office of lord president became permanent; previously either the lord chancellor, the lord keeper of the seal,

lord privy seal, great officer in the British government who has custody of the privy seal. Like other developments in royal administration, the first privy seal known to have been used in England dates from the reign of King John. It was kept by the clerks of the king’s chamber for use in business

ballad: Crime: …ballads: his sweetheart poisons “Lord Randal”; “Little Musgrave” is killed by Lord Barnard when he is discovered in bed with Lady Barnard, and the lady, too, is gorily dispatched. The murders of “Jim Fisk,” Johnny of “Frankie and Johnny,” and many other ballad victims are prompted by sexual jealousy.…

Winston Churchill: Political career before 1939: …father, as his admirable biography, Lord Randolph Churchill (1906; revised edition 1952), makes evident, and from the first he wore his Toryism with a difference, advocating a fair, negotiated peace for the Boers and deploring military mismanagement and extravagance.

soca: …the 1970s by Trinidadian musician Lord Shorty (Garfield Blackman), who sang calypso, a type of Afro-Trinidadian song style characterized by storytelling and verbal wit. According to Lord Shorty, the new music was meant to be a fusion of calypso with East Indian music, a reflection of Trinidad’s two dominant ethnic…

lord steward, in England, an official of the royal household, whose duties were originally domestic and who was known as the “chief steward” of the household. The office was of considerable political importance under the Tudors and Stuarts, and it carried cabinet rank during the 18th century. In

lord steward, in England, an official of the royal household, whose duties were originally domestic and who was known as the “chief steward” of the household. The office was of considerable political importance under the Tudors and Stuarts, and it carried cabinet rank during the 18th century. In

lord steward: …steward also presided over the Lord Steward’s Court, which had jurisdiction over offenses and felonies committed by the king’s servants, and over the Marshalsea Court; this was a court of record held before the lord steward and the knight marshal of the household, and it had civil and criminal jurisdiction…

Lord Strange’s Men, prominent Elizabethan acting company. A household troupe of Lord Strange, they toured the provinces before appearing at court in 1582. From 1588 to 1594 they were associated with the Admiral’s Men. It has been suggested that Lord Strange’s Men were the first to employ William

Lord Weary’s Castle, collection of poems by Robert Lowell, published in 1946. It was awarded the Pulitzer Prize in 1947. Some of the poems reflect Lowell’s New England roots; others have Roman Catholic themes; and still others recall events that occurred during World War

Lord’s Cricket Ground, headquarters and home ground of the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC), long the world’s foremost cricket organization, and the scene of Test matches between England and visiting national teams and of matches of the Middlesex County Cricket Club, Oxford versus Cambridge, and Eton

Sunday, the first day of the week. It is regarded by most Christians as the Lord’s Day, or the weekly memorial of Jesus Christ’s Resurrection from the dead. The practice of Christians gathering together for worship on Sunday dates back to apostolic times, but details of the actual development of

Lord’s Prayer, Christian prayer that, according to tradition, was taught by Jesus to his disciples. It appears in two forms in the New Testament: the shorter version in the Gospel According to Luke (11:2–4) and the longer version, part of the Sermon on the Mount, in the Gospel According to Matthew

Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA), militant group led by Joseph Kony that has waged a war of attrition against the government and peoples of Uganda and nearby countries since the late 1980s. Unlike most antistate terrorists, the LRA has been largely devoid of any national vision or unifying social

Eucharist, in Christianity, ritual commemoration of Jesus’ Last Supper with his disciples. The Eucharist (from the Greek eucharistia for “thanksgiving”) is the central act of Christian worship and is practiced by most Christian churches in some form. Along with baptism it is one of the two

Didachē, the oldest surviving Christian church order, probably written in Egypt or Syria in the 2nd century. In 16 short chapters it deals with morals and ethics, church practice, and the eschatological hope of Christ’s Second Coming at the end of time and presents a general program for instruction

writing: The functions of writing: The American scholar Albert Lord wrote:

Aladura, (Yoruba: “Owners of Prayer”), religious movement among the Yoruba peoples of western Nigeria, embracing some of the independent prophet-healing churches of West Africa. The movement, which in the early 1970s had several hundred thousand adherents, began about 1918 among the younger elite

history of film: The Hollywood studio system: …and under Breen’s auspices Father Daniel A. Lord, a Jesuit priest, and Martin Quigley, a Catholic publisher, coauthored the code whose provisions would dictate the content of American movies, without exception, for the next 20 years.