lee wave: They may produce clouds, called wave clouds, when the air becomes saturated with water vapour at the top of the wave.

human nervous system: Basal ganglia: …are referred to as the lentiform nucleus, while the caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus form the corpus striatum.

projection screen: …the glass bead, and the lenticular. Mat white is a nonglossy white surface, which may be produced by a flat white paint coating, that provides uniform brightness of a projected image over a wide viewing angle. It is therefore well adapted for projection in a large theatre or auditorium. The…

technology of photography: Stereoscopic and three-dimensional photography: On superimposing a carefully aligned lenticular grid on the composite picture, an observer directly sees all the strips belonging to the left-eye picture with the left eye and all the strips belonging to the right-eye picture with the right eye. Such parallax stereograms are seen in display advertising in shop…

human nervous system: Basal ganglia: …are referred to as the lentiform nucleus, while the caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus form the corpus striatum.

lentil, (Lens culinaris), small annual legume of the pea family (Fabaceae) and its edible seed. Lentils are widely cultivated throughout Europe, Asia, and North Africa but are little grown in the Western Hemisphere. The seeds are used chiefly in soups and stews, and the herbage is used as fodder in

Giacomo Da Lentini was a senior poet of the Sicilian school and notary at the court of the Holy Roman emperor Frederick II. Celebrated during his life, he was acclaimed as a master by the poets of the following generation, including Dante, who memorialized him in the Purgatorio (XXIV, 55–57).

Lentinula, a genus of at least six species of wood-dwelling fungi, best known for the edible and medicinal shiitake mushroom, Lentinula edodes (formerly Lentinus edodes). Found primarily in the tropical and subtropical regions of North and South America, Asia, and Australia, Lentinula fungi feed

shiitake mushroom, (Lentinula edodes), edible and medicinal wood-dwelling fungus, native to East Asia. The shiitake mushroom is among the most commonly cultivated fungi in the world. Important in a number of Asian and vegetarian dishes, shiitake mushrooms are high in dietary fiber, B vitamins

shiitake mushroom, (Lentinula edodes), edible and medicinal wood-dwelling fungus, native to East Asia. The shiitake mushroom is among the most commonly cultivated fungi in the world. Important in a number of Asian and vegetarian dishes, shiitake mushrooms are high in dietary fiber, B vitamins

chewing gum: …the sweet resin of the mastic tree (so named after the custom) as a tooth cleanser and breath freshener. New England colonists borrowed from the Indians the custom of chewing aromatic and astringent spruce resin for the same purposes. Similarly, for centuries inhabitants of the Yucatán Peninsula have chewed the…

Libby Trickett is an Australian swimmer who set several world records in the 100-metre freestyle. She also won seven Olympic medals, four of which were gold. Trickett came to prominence in both Australian and world swimming in 2003, winning her first national title in the 50-metre freestyle and

Aristarkh Vasilyevich Lentulov was a Russian painter who was one of the foremost representatives of the Moscow School of Art. Lentulov studied at the art institutes in Penza (1898–1900) and Kiev (now Kyiv, Ukr.; 1903–05) and in St. Petersburg at the studio of Dmitry Kardovsky from 1906 to 1907. In

Lucius Cornelius Lentulus Crus was a Roman politician, a leading member of the senatorial party that vigorously opposed Julius Caesar. In 61 bc Lentulus was the chief accuser of Publius Clodius on a charge of sacrilege at a festival. (Clodius had entered the residence of the pontifex maximus, his

Publius Cornelius Lentulus Spinther was a leading supporter of the Roman general Pompey the Great during the Civil War (49–45 bc) between Pompey and Julius Caesar; he was a brother of Lentulus Crus. As curule aedile, Lentulus in 63 helped Cicero suppress Catiline’s conspiracy to overthrow the

Publius Cornelius Lentulus was a leading figure in Catiline’s conspiracy (63 bc) to seize control of the Roman government. In 81 Lentulus was quaestor to Lucius Cornelius Sulla. When Sulla later accused him of having squandered public funds, Lentulus scornfully held out the calf of his leg, a

Lotte Lenya was an Austrian actress-singer who popularized much of the music of her first husband, the composer Kurt Weill, and appeared frequently in the musical dramas of Weill and his longtime collaborator Bertolt Brecht. Lenya studied ballet and drama in Zurich from 1914 to 1920, was a member

Lenz’s law, in electromagnetism, statement that an induced electric current flows in a direction such that the current opposes the change that induced it. This law was deduced in 1834 by the Russian physicist Heinrich Friedrich Emil Lenz (1804–65). Thrusting a pole of a permanent bar magnet through

Lenz’s law: …1834 by the Russian physicist Heinrich Friedrich Emil Lenz (1804–65).

Jakob Michael Reinhold Lenz was a Russian-born German poet and dramatist of the Sturm und Drang (Storm and Stress) period, who is considered an important forerunner of 19th-century naturalism and of 20th-century theatrical Expressionism. Lenz studied theology at Königsberg University but gave up

Ludwig van Beethoven: Three periods of work: It was his biographer Wilhelm von Lenz who first divided Beethoven’s output into three periods, omitting the years of his apprenticeship in Bonn. The first period begins with the completion of the Three Trios for Piano, Violin, and Cello, Opus 1, in 1794, and ends about 1800, the year…

Mithraism: Worship, practices, and institutions: Bridegroom; miles, Soldier; leo, Lion; Perses, Persian; heliodromus, Courier of (and to) the Sun; pater, Father. To each rank belonged a particular mask (Raven, Persian, Lion) or dress (Bridegroom). The rising of the Mithraist in grade prefigured the ascent of the soul after death. The series of the…

feline: The so-called “big cats” (genus Panthera), especially the lion, often roar, growl, or shriek. Usually, however, cats are silent. Many cats use “clawing trees,” upon which they leave the marks of their claws as they stand and drag their front feet downward with the claws extended. Whether such behaviour is…

Leo, in astronomy, zodiacal constellation lying in the northern sky between Cancer and Virgo, at about 10 hours 30 minutes right ascension and 15° north declination. Regulus (Latin for “little king”; also called Alpha Leonis), the brightest star, is of magnitude 1.35. The November meteor shower

low Earth orbit (LEO), region of space where satellites orbit closest to Earth’s surface. There is no official definition of this region, but it is usually considered to be between 160 and 1,600 km (about 100 and 1,000 miles) above Earth. Satellites do not orbit below 160 km because they are

Leo Africanus was a traveler whose writings remained for some 400 years one of Europe’s principal sources of information about Islam. Educated at Fès, in Morocco, Leo Africanus traveled widely as a young man on commercial and diplomatic missions through North Africa and may also have visited the

Andreas Gryphius: He wrote five tragedies: Leo Armenius (1646), Catharina von Georgien, Carolus Stuardus, and Cardenio und Celinde (all printed 1657), and Papinianus (1659). These plays deal with the themes of stoicism and religious constancy unto martyrdom, of the Christian ruler and the Machiavellian tyrant, and of illusion and reality, a…

Leo Castelli: The Leo Castelli Gallery soon became the place in Manhattan to see the newest and best art.

Levi ben Gershom was a French Jewish mathematician, philosopher, astronomer, and Talmudic scholar. In 1321 Levi wrote his first work, Sefer ha-mispar (“Book of the Number”), dealing with arithmetical operations, including extraction of roots. In De sinibus, chordis et arcubus (1342; “On Sines,

Levi ben Gershom was a French Jewish mathematician, philosopher, astronomer, and Talmudic scholar. In 1321 Levi wrote his first work, Sefer ha-mispar (“Book of the Number”), dealing with arithmetical operations, including extraction of roots. In De sinibus, chordis et arcubus (1342; “On Sines,

Levon I was the king of Armenia (reigned 1199–1219), who rallied the Armenians after their dispersion by the Seljuq Turks and consolidated the kingdom in Cilicia, southeastern Asia Minor. Through his friendly relations with the German emperors Frederick I Barbarossa and Henry VI, he was crowned by

Leo I was the Eastern Roman emperor from ad 457 to 474. Leo was a Thracian who, beginning his career in the army, became a protégé of General Aspar. In proclaiming Leo Eastern emperor at Constantinople (Feb. 7, 457), Aspar expected to use him as a puppet ruler. Leo, who had recognized Majorian as

St. Leo I ; Western feast day November 10 ([formerly April 11]), Eastern feast day February 18) was the pope from 440 to 461, and a master exponent of papal supremacy. His pontificate—which saw the disintegration of the Roman Empire in the West and the formation in the East of theological

Leo II was a Roman emperor of the East, grandson of Leo I, and son of Zeno. His grandfather, growing ill, felt compelled to name a successor but, deciding that his son-in-law Zeno, an Isaurian, was unpopular, made his grandson co-emperor, as Caesar and then Augustus, at the young age of five (or

Crusades: The Latin East after the Third Crusade: King Leo II of Armenia joined the Crusaders at Cyprus and Acre. Desirous of a royal crown, he approached both pope and emperor, and in 1198, with papal approval, royal insignia were bestowed by Archbishop Conrad of Mainz, in the name of Henry VI. At the…

Saint Leo II ; feast day July 3, formerly June 28) was the pope from 682 to 683. He promoted church music (he was an accomplished singer), opposed heresy, and maintained good relations with Constantinople. According to the Liber Pontificalis (“The Book of the Pontiffs”), Leo was “a man of great

Leo III was a Byzantine emperor (717–741), who founded the Isaurian, or Syrian, dynasty, successfully resisted Arab invasions, and engendered a century of conflict within the empire by banning the use of religious images (icons). Born at Germanicia (Marʿash) in northern Syria (modern Maraş, Tur.),

Saint Leo III ; feast day June 12) was the pope from 795 to 816. Leo was a cardinal when elected to succeed Pope Adrian I on December 26, 795; he was consecrated the next day. Unlike Adrian, who had tried to maintain independence in the growing estrangement between East and West by balancing the

Leo IV was a Byzantine emperor whose reign marked a transition between the period of Iconoclasm and the restoration of the icons. Leo became Byzantine emperor in 775 at the death of his father, Constantine V. The following year, at the request of the army and with the support of the Senate and the

Saint Leo IV ; feast day July 17) was the pope from 847 to 855. A Benedictine monk, Leo served in the Curia under Pope Gregory IV and was later made cardinal priest by Pope Sergius II, whom he was elected to succeed. Leo rebuilt Rome after it had been sacked by the Saracens (Arab enemies) in 846

St. Leo IX ; feast day April 19) was the head of the medieval Latin church (1049–54), during whose reign the papacy became the focal point of western Europe and the great East-West Schism of 1054 became inevitable. Bruno of Egisheim was born into an aristocratic family. He was educated at Toul,

Leo Minor, constellation in the northern sky at about 10 hours right ascension and 35° north in declination. Its brightest star is 46 Leonis Minoris (sometimes called Praecipua, from the Latin for “Chief”), with a magnitude of 3.8. Polish astronomer Johannes Hevelius formed Leo Minor from stars

jaguar, (Panthera onca), largest New World member of the cat family (Felidae), found from northern Mexico southward to northern Argentina. Its preferred habitats are usually swamps and wooded regions, but jaguars also live in scrublands and deserts. The jaguar is virtually extinct in the northern

leopard, (Panthera pardus), large cat closely related to the lion, tiger, and jaguar. The name leopard was originally given to the cat now called cheetah—the so-called hunting leopard—which was once thought to be a cross between the lion and the pard. The term pard was eventually replaced by the

Leo V was a Byzantine emperor responsible for inaugurating the second Iconoclastic period in the Byzantine Empire. When Bardanes Turcus and Nicephorus I were fighting over the Byzantine throne in 803, Leo, son of the patrician Bardas, at first served Bardanes but later sided with Nicephorus. Leo

eclipse: Medieval European: …penned by the contemporary chronicler Leo the Deacon:

St. Leo I ; Western feast day November 10 ([formerly April 11]), Eastern feast day February 18) was the pope from 440 to 461, and a master exponent of papal supremacy. His pontificate—which saw the disintegration of the Roman Empire in the West and the formation in the East of theological

Leo III was a Byzantine emperor (717–741), who founded the Isaurian, or Syrian, dynasty, successfully resisted Arab invasions, and engendered a century of conflict within the empire by banning the use of religious images (icons). Born at Germanicia (Marʿash) in northern Syria (modern Maraş, Tur.),

Leo IV was a Byzantine emperor whose reign marked a transition between the period of Iconoclasm and the restoration of the icons. Leo became Byzantine emperor in 775 at the death of his father, Constantine V. The following year, at the request of the army and with the support of the Senate and the

John Boorman: Early documentaries, first feature film, and Point Blank: Leo the Last (1970) was a quirky philosophical tale about an exiled monarch (Marcello Mastroianni) who returns to his family’s London home and finds the surrounding area has become impoverished. Although initially self-absorbed, he slowly becomes involved in the lives of his neighbors. The dramedy…

Leo VI was the Byzantine coemperor from 870 and emperor from 886 to 912, whose imperial laws, written in Greek, became the legal code of the Byzantine Empire. Leo was the son of Basil I the Macedonian, who had begun the codification, and his second wife, Eudocia Ingerina. Made coemperor in 870, Leo

Leo VI was the Byzantine coemperor from 870 and emperor from 886 to 912, whose imperial laws, written in Greek, became the legal code of the Byzantine Empire. Leo was the son of Basil I the Macedonian, who had begun the codification, and his second wife, Eudocia Ingerina. Made coemperor in 870, Leo

Leo I was the Eastern Roman emperor from ad 457 to 474. Leo was a Thracian who, beginning his career in the army, became a protégé of General Aspar. In proclaiming Leo Eastern emperor at Constantinople (Feb. 7, 457), Aspar expected to use him as a puppet ruler. Leo, who had recognized Majorian as

museum: History museums: …Chinese province of Sichuan; the Leo Tolstoy Museum in Moscow; Mount Vernon, George Washington’s home in Virginia; and Paul Gauguin’s residence in Tahiti, now the Paul Gauguin Museum.

snow leopard, large long-haired Asian cat, classified as either Panthera uncia or Uncia uncia in the family Felidae. The snow leopard inhabits the mountains of central Asia and the Indian subcontinent, ranging from an elevation of about 1,800 metres (about 6,000 feet) in the winter to about 5,500

Leo V was a pope from August to September 903. Elected while a priest to succeed Pope Benedict IV, Leo assumed the pontificate in a dark period of papal history. He was deposed and imprisoned by the antipope Christopher. Leo was perhaps murdered, either by Christopher or his successor, Pope Sergius

Leo V was a Byzantine emperor responsible for inaugurating the second Iconoclastic period in the Byzantine Empire. When Bardanes Turcus and Nicephorus I were fighting over the Byzantine throne in 803, Leo, son of the patrician Bardas, at first served Bardanes but later sided with Nicephorus. Leo

Leo VI was the Byzantine coemperor from 870 and emperor from 886 to 912, whose imperial laws, written in Greek, became the legal code of the Byzantine Empire. Leo was the son of Basil I the Macedonian, who had begun the codification, and his second wife, Eudocia Ingerina. Made coemperor in 870, Leo

Leo VI was pope from May to December 928. He was Pope John VIII’s prime minister and later a cardinal priest when elected by the senatrix Marozia, then head of the powerful Roman Crescentii family, who deposed and imprisoned Leo’s predecessor, Pope John X. His principal act was the regulation of

Leo VII was the pope from 936 to 939. He was probably a Benedictine monk when he succeeded John XI, who had been imprisoned by Duke Alberic II of Spoleto. In 936 he invited Abbot St. Odo of Cluny (then one of the most influential abbeys in western Europe) to help him settle the struggle between

Leo VIII was a pope, or antipope, from 963 to 965. The legitimacy of his election has long been debated. A Roman synod in December 963 deposed and expelled Pope John XII for dishonourable conduct and for instigating an armed conspiracy against the Holy Roman emperor Otto I the Great. Otto, who had

Leo X was one of the leading Renaissance popes (reigned 1513–21). He made Rome a cultural center and a political power, but he depleted the papal treasury, and, by failing to take the developing Protestant Reformation seriously, he contributed to the dissolution of the Western church. Leo

Leo XI was the pope from April 1–27, 1605. Pope Gregory XIII made him bishop of Pistoia, Italy, in 1573, archbishop of Florence in 1574, and cardinal in 1583. He was elected to succeed Clement VIII on April 1,

Leo XII was the pope from 1823 to 1829. Ordained in 1783, della Genga became private secretary to Pope Pius VI, who in 1793 sent him as ambassador to Lucerne, Switz. In 1794 he was appointed ambassador to Cologne, subsequently being entrusted with missions to several German courts. Pope Pius VII

Leo XIII was the head of the Roman Catholic Church (1878–1903) who brought a new spirit to the papacy, expressed in more conciliatory positions toward civil governments, by less opposition to scientific progress, and by an awareness of the pastoral and social needs of the times. Vincenzo Gioacchino

Heinrich Leo was a Prussian conservative historian. As a student at the universities of Breslau, Jena, and Göttingen, Leo joined the extreme revolutionary wing of the students’ association. But, after reading Edmund Burke and Albrecht Haller and after a friend of his murdered the reactionary

Leonardo Leo was a composer who was noted for his comic operas and who was instrumental in forming the Neapolitan style of opera composition. Leo entered the Conservatorio della Pietà dei Turchini at Naples in 1709, where his earliest known work, a sacred drama, L’infedeltà Abbattuta, was performed

Melissa Leo is an American actress who is known for her naturalistic portrayals of tough, flinty women dealing with difficult situations. Leo became enamoured with acting when as a small child she was enrolled in the Peter Schumann Bread and Puppet Theater Workshop. She later studied at the

Melissa Leo is an American actress who is known for her naturalistic portrayals of tough, flinty women dealing with difficult situations. Leo became enamoured with acting when as a small child she was enrolled in the Peter Schumann Bread and Puppet Theater Workshop. She later studied at the

Leoben, town, southeast-central Austria, on the Mur River, northwest of Graz. An ancient settlement, it was reestablished as a town by Ottokar II of Bohemia about 1263. Medieval buildings include the Maria am Waasen Church (12th century, rebuilt 15th century) with magnificent Gothic stained-glass

Venice: End of the Venetian republic: The Peace of Leoben left Venice without an ally, and Ludovico Manin, the last doge, was deposed on May 12, 1797. A provisional democratic municipality was set up in place of the republican government, but later in the same year Venice was handed over to Austria.

Leochares was a Greek sculptor to whom the Apollo Belvedere (Roman copy, Vatican Museum) is often attributed. About 353–c. 350 bc Leochares worked with Scopas on the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World. Most of his attributions are from ancient records. The base of a

Ebroïn: Leodegar (or Léger), bishop of Autun, of complicity in Childeric’s murder; the bishop’s tongue and lips were cut off before he was finally executed.

Red Bluff, city, seat (1857) of Tehama county, northern California, U.S. It lies along the Sacramento River, 115 miles (185 km) north-northwest of Sacramento. Settled in the 1840s, it was known as Leodocia until sometime before 1854, when it was renamed for the reddish sand and low bluffs on which

Leofric was an Anglo-Saxon earl of Mercia (from 1023 or soon thereafter), one of the three great earls of 11th-century England, who took a leading part in public affairs. On the death of King Canute in 1035, Leofric supported the claim of Canute’s son Harold to the throne against that of

Léogâne, city and port on the Gulf of Gonâve, southwestern Haiti, lying approximately 20 miles (32 km) west of Port-au-Prince on the north shore of the country’s southern peninsula. A former French colonial town, Léogâne has long been the centre of a predominantly agricultural region. The city was

2010 Haiti earthquake: The earthquake: …by contractional deformation along the Léogâne fault, a small hidden thrust fault discovered underneath the city of Léogâne. The Léogâne fault, which cannot be observed at the surface, descends northward at an oblique angle away from the EPG fault system, and many geologists contend that the earthquake resulted from the…

Leominster, town (parish), unitary authority and historic county of Herefordshire, west-central England. It is situated on the River Lugg, a tributary of the Wye. A religious house was founded on the site in 660, and the parish church of Saints Peter and Paul was the former priory church. The town

Leominster, city, Worcester county, north-central Massachusetts, U.S. It lies on the Nashua River, just southeast of Fitchburg and about 40 miles (64 km) northwest of Boston. The site, purchased from the Nashua Indians in 1701, was originally part of Lancaster. It was separately incorporated as a

León, city, capital of León provincia (province) in Castile-León comunidad autónoma (autonomous community), northwestern Spain. It lies on the northwestern part of the northern Meseta Central (plateau), at the confluence of the Bernesga and Torío rivers. The city developed from the camp of the

León, provincia (province) in the Castile-León comunidad autónoma (autonomous community), northwestern Spain, consisting of the northern part of the former kingdom of León. In the north are the lofty Cantabrian Mountains, the highest peak of which is the Torrecerredo (8,688 feet [2,648 metres]).

León, city, northwestern Guanajuato estado (state), central Mexico. It stands in a fertile plain on the Turbio River, 6,182 feet (1,884 metres) above sea level. Although León was first settled in 1552, it was not formally founded until 1576 and was given city status in 1830. At that time the words

Leon, medieval Spanish kingdom. Leon proper included the cities of León, Salamanca, and Zamora—the adjacent areas of Vallodolid and Palencia being disputed with Castile, originally its eastern frontier. The kings of Leon ruled Galicia, Asturias, and much of the county of Portugal before Portugal

Leon, medieval Spanish kingdom. Leon proper included the cities of León, Salamanca, and Zamora—the adjacent areas of Vallodolid and Palencia being disputed with Castile, originally its eastern frontier. The kings of Leon ruled Galicia, Asturias, and much of the county of Portugal before Portugal

León, city situated in western Nicaragua. The city of León was founded on the edge of Lake Managua in 1524, but after an earthquake it was moved in 1610 to the site of the old Indian capital and shrine of Sutiaba. León was the capital of the Spanish province and of the Republic of Nicaragua until

León, city, northwestern Guanajuato estado (state), central Mexico. It stands in a fertile plain on the Turbio River, 6,182 feet (1,884 metres) above sea level. Although León was first settled in 1552, it was not formally founded until 1576 and was given city status in 1830. At that time the words

Emiliano Chamorro Vargas was a prominent diplomat and politician, president of Nicaragua (1917–21). Born to a distinguished Nicaraguan family, Chamorro early became an opponent of the regime of José Santos Zelaya. From 1893 on, Chamorro organized and was active in many of the revolts against this

Jean-Pierre Melville: Léon Morin, prêtre (1961; “Leon Morin, Priest”) was his first major commercial production. It was followed by a series of highly stylized, Hollywood-inspired gangster films: Le Doulos (1962; Doulos—The Finger Man), Le Deuxième Souffle (1966; “Second Wind”), and Le Samourai (1967; “The Samurai”).

Jean-Pierre Melville: Léon Morin, prêtre (1961; “Leon Morin, Priest”) was his first major commercial production. It was followed by a series of highly stylized, Hollywood-inspired gangster films: Le Doulos (1962; Doulos—The Finger Man), Le Deuxième Souffle (1966; “Second Wind”), and Le Samourai (1967; “The Samurai”).

Leone Modena was an Italian rabbi, preacher, poet, scholar, gambling addict, and polemicist who wrote an important attack on the Sefer ha-zohar (“Book of Splendour”), the chief text of Kabbala, the influential body of Jewish mystical teachings. By the time Modena was 12, he could translate portions

Mexico: The northern dynasty: Obregón and Calles: …president-elect, he was assassinated by José de León Toral, a religious fanatic.

Leon Trotsky’s essay on Vladimir Lenin is historically significant not because it is trustworthy in its judgments but because it is unique. Here is one giant figure writing about another (who happened to have been his boss) at a time when both had been—until Lenin’s death in 1924—engaged in making

Daniel De Leon was an American socialist, one of the founders of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW). He was one of the chief propagandists for socialism in the early American labour movement, but his uncompromising tactics were often divisive. De Leon arrived in the United States in 1874. In

fuero: …in the west is the Fuero de León (c. 1020), which contains laws applicable to the kingdom in general and to the city of León in particular. The oldest Aragonese fuero was believed to be that of Sorbrarbe (late 11th or early 12th century), though some modern scholars treat it…

San Fernando, city, Cádiz provincia (province), in the comunidad autónoma (autonomous community) of Andalusia, southwestern Spain. It is situated on a rocky island surrounded by salt marshes that line the southern shore of the Bay of Cadiz, south of Cádiz city. Founded in 1776, it was known as Isla

Juan Ponce de León was a Spanish explorer who founded the first European settlement on Puerto Rico and who is credited with being the first European to reach Florida in 1513. Born into a noble family, Ponce de León was a page in the royal court of Aragon and later fought in a campaign against the

Luis de León was a mystic and poet who contributed greatly to Spanish Renaissance literature. León was a monk educated chiefly at Salamanca, where he obtained his first chair in 1561. Academic rivalry between the Dominicans and the Augustinians, whom he had joined in 1544, led to his denunciation

Democratic Alliance: …fight back,” and its leader, Tony Leon, cultivated a belligerent attitude toward the ruling ANC.

Lyonnesse, mythical “lost” land supposed once to have connected Cornwall in the west of England with the Isles of Scilly lying in the English Channel. The name Lyonnesse first appeared in Thomas Malory’s late 15th-century prose account of the rise and fall of King Arthur, Le Morte Darthur, in which

Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi: …novel Lienhard und Gertrud (1781–87; Leonard and Gertrude, 1801), written for “the people,” was a literary success as the first realistic representation of rural life in German. It describes how an ideal woman exposes corrupt practices and, by her well-ordered homelife, sets a model for the village school and the…