oil plant, any of the numerous plants, either under cultivation or growing wild, used as sources of oil. Oil plants include trees such as palm, herbaceous plants such as flax, and even fungi (Fusarium). Vegetable oils are used principally for food (mostly as shortening, margarines, and salad and

materials science: Oil platforms: An important example of dealing with old problems by modern methods is provided by the prevention of crack growth in offshore oil-drilling platforms. The primary structure consists of welded steel tubing that is subject to continually varying stress from ocean waves. Since the…

environmental law: Command-and-control legislation: …stored, and the United States Oil Pollution Act (1990) mandates that all oil tankers of a certain size and age operating in U.S. waters be double-hulled.

fat and oil processing: oil processing, method by which fatty animal and plant substances are prepared for eating by humans.

petroleum refining: Processing configurations: Each petroleum refinery is uniquely configured to process a specific raw material into a desired slate of products. In order to determine which configuration is most economical, engineers and planners survey the local market for petroleum products and assess the available raw materials. Since about half…

Teapot Dome Scandal, in American history, scandal of the early 1920s surrounding the secret leasing of federal oil reserves by the secretary of the interior, Albert Bacon Fall. After U.S. Pres. Warren G. Harding transferred supervision of the naval oil-reserve lands from the navy to the Department

derrick: In the petroleum industry, a derrick consisting of a framework or tower of wood or steel is erected over the deep drill holes of oil wells to support the tackle for boring, to raise and lower the drilling tools in the well, and to insert and remove the well casing…

Oil Rivers, area comprising the delta of the Niger River in modern Nigeria, West Africa. The Oil Rivers Protectorate was established by the British in 1885. It was renamed the Niger Coast Protectorate in 1893 and in 1900 was joined to the Nigerian territories administered by the British government.

tar sand, deposit of loose sand or partially consolidated sandstone that is saturated with highly viscous bitumen. Oil recovered from tar sands is commonly referred to as synthetic crude and is a potentially significant form of fossil fuel. A brief treatment of tar sands follows. For full

shaft seal, in machinery, a device that prevents the passage of fluids along a rotating shaft. Seals are necessary when a shaft extends from a housing (enclosure) containing oil, such as a pump or a gear box. A common type of shaft seal consists of an elastomer (elastic rubberlike) ring bonded to a

oil shale, any sedimentary rock containing various amounts of solid organic material that yields petroleum products, along with a variety of solid by-products, when subjected to pyrolysis—a treatment that consists of heating the rock to above 300 °C (about 575 °F) in the absence of oxygen. The

painting: Techniques and methods: …a small oil sketch, or modella, for his client’s approval before carrying out a large-scale commission. Siting problems peculiar to mural painting, such as spectator eye level and the scale, style, and function of a building interior, had first to be solved in preparatory drawings and sometimes with the use…

oil spill, leakage of petroleum onto the surface of a large body of water. Oceanic oil spills became a major environmental problem in the 1960s, chiefly as a result of intensified petroleum exploration and production on continental shelves and the use of supertankers capable of transporting more

gasoline engine: Lubrication system: …system is fed by the oil sump that forms the lower enclosure of the engine. Oil is taken from the sump by a pump, usually of the gear type, and is passed through a filter and delivered under pressure to a system of passages or channels drilled through the engine.…

electric switch: The oil switch has its live parts immersed in oil to reduce arcing. The aggregate of switching or circuit-breaking equipment for a power station or a transforming station, frequently located in an outdoor yard (switchyard) beside the station, is usually regarded as switchgear.

Strait of Hormuz: …and economic importance, especially as oil tankers collecting from various ports on the Persian Gulf must pass through the strait. In the mid-2010s one-fifth of the world’s oil supply passed through the strait, including about one-third of all seaborne trade. The strait also became important for the supply of liquefied…

leather: Modern leather making: Oil tanning is an old method in which fish oil or other oil and fatty substances are stocked, or pounded, into dried hide until they have replaced the natural moisture of the original skin. Oil tanning is used principally to make chamois leather, a soft…

petroleum trap, underground rock formation that blocks the movement of petroleum and causes it to accumulate in a reservoir that can be exploited. The oil is accompanied always by water and often by natural gas; all are confined in a porous and permeable reservoir rock, which is usually composed of

petroleum production: The oil well: Early oil wells were drilled with impact-type tools in a method called cable-tool drilling. A weighted chisel-shaped bit was suspended from a cable to a lever

petroleum: From kerogen to petroleum: the mature stage: …environment is called the “oil window.” In areas of higher than normal geothermal gradient (increase in temperature with depth), the oil window exists at shallower depths in younger sediments but is narrower. Maximum hydrocarbon generation occurs from depths of 2,000 to 2,900 metres (6,600 to 9,500 feet). Below 2,900…

Upton Sinclair: His novel Oil! (1927) was based on the Teapot Dome Scandal (it loosely served as the basis of the Academy Award-winning film There Will Be Blood [2007]), and Boston (1928) was inspired by the Sacco-Vanzetti case. His searing novel The Wet Parade (1931; film 1932) is about…

Karen Silkwood: Silkwood joined the Oil, Chemical, and Atomic Workers Union (OCAW) and, shortly after starting her job, participated in a nine-week union strike. As a member of the union’s bargaining committee, Silkwood began to monitor the plant’s health and safety practices, which she found lacking; spills, falsification of records,…

essential oil, highly volatile substance isolated by a physical process from an odoriferous plant of a single botanical species. The oil bears the name of the plant from which it is derived; for example, rose oil or peppermint oil. Such oils were called essential because they were thought to

oil, any greasy substance that is liquid at room temperature and insoluble in water. There are many types, such as essential oil; orris oil; mineral oil (see petroleum); whale oil; pine oil; linseed oil; perilla oil; fish oil; tall oil; citronella oil. There is also cooking oil, such as olive,

materials science: Oil platforms: An important example of dealing with old problems by modern methods is provided by the prevention of crack growth in offshore oil-drilling platforms. The primary structure consists of welded steel tubing that is subject to continually varying stress from ocean waves. Since the…

Millikan oil-drop experiment, first direct and compelling measurement of the electric charge of a single electron. It was performed originally in 1909 by the American physicist Robert A. Millikan, who devised a straightforward method of measuring the minute electric charge that is present on many

Kofi Annan: …following an investigation into the oil-for-food program, which had allowed Iraq—under UN supervision—to sell a set amount of oil in order to purchase food, medicine, and other necessities. A report described major corruption within the program and revealed that Annan’s son was part of a Swiss business that had won…

Giovanni Battista Amici: … design and introduced (1840) the oil-immersion technique, in which the objective lens is immersed in a drop of oil placed atop the specimen under observation in order to minimize light aberrations.

pharmaceutical industry: Liquid dosage forms: Oil-in-water emulsions will mix readily with water-based liquids, while water-in-oil emulsions mix more easily with oils. Milk is a common example of an oil-in-water emulsion. In order to prevent the separation of the two liquids, most pharmaceutical emulsions contain a naturally occurring emulsifying agent such…

vacuum technology: Oil-sealed rotary pump: Capacities >are available from 12 to 1,000 cubic feet per minute, operating from atmospheric pressure down to as low as 2 × 10-2 torr for single-stage pumps and less than 5 × 10-3 torr for two-stage pumps. The pumps develop their full…

guerrilla warfare: Counterguerrilla warfare: …employed this tache d’huile, or oil-spot, strategy in Algeria, where he used the army not as an instrument of repression but, in conjunction with civil services, as a positive social force—“the organization on the march.”

cement: Types of portland cement: Oil-well cements are used for cementing work in the drilling of oil wells where they are subject to high temperatures and pressures. They usually consist of portland or pozzolanic cement (see below) with special organic retarders to prevent the cement from setting too quickly.

oilbird, (Steatornis caripensis), nocturnal bird of South America that lives in caves and feeds on fruit, mainly the nuts of oil palms. The oilbird is an aberrant member of the order Caprimulgiformes; it comprises the family Steatornithidae. About 30 centimetres (12 inches) long, with fanlike tail

Aran Islands, three limestone islands—Inishmore, Inishmaan, and Inisheer—comprising 18 square miles (47 square km) and lying across the mouth of Galway Bay on the west coast of Ireland. They are administratively part of County Galway. The islands, whose sheer cliffs face the Atlantic Ocean, are

Astrodome: …for the National Football League’s Houston Oilers (now the Tennessee Titans) in 1968.

fat and oil processing: General methods of extraction: …(palm and olive); and various oilseeds. Most oilseeds are grown specifically for processing to oils and protein meals, but several important vegetable oils are obtained from by-product raw materials. Cottonseed is a by-product of cotton grown for fibre, and corn oil is obtained from the corn germ that accumulates from…

Imbolc, (Middle Irish, probably literally, “milking”), ancient Celtic religious festival, celebrated on February 1 to mark the beginning of spring. The festival apparently was a feast of purification for farmers and has been compared to the Roman lustrations. Imbolc was associated with the goddess

oinochoe, wine jug from the classical period of Greek pottery. A graceful vessel with delicately curved handle and trefoil-shaped mouth, the oinochoe was revived during the Renaissance and again during the Neoclassical period of the 18th

pharmaceutical industry: Semisolid dosage forms: Semisolid dosage forms include ointments and creams. Ointments are preparations for external use, intended for application to the skin. Typically, they have an oily or greasy consistency and can appear “stiff” as they are applied to the skin. Ointments contain drug that may act on the skin or be…

Oio, region located in north-central Guinea-Bissau. It was created from the former concelhos (municipalities) of Farim, Bissorã, and Mansôa in the mid-1970s. Oio’s border with the Quinará region, its neighbour to the south, is formed by the Gêba River, which flows east-west. The Mansôa River flows

Oirat, any of the peoples speaking western dialects of the Mongol language group. In the 13th century the western Mongols were enemies of the eastern Mongols of Genghis Khan’s empire. During the following centuries the western Mongols maintained a separate existence under a confederation known as

Altaic languages: The Mongolian languages: Spoken Oirat is similar to spoken Kalmyk, though written Oirat utilizes a variant of the old Mongolian vertical script. The dialects of spoken Khalkha, Buryat, and Mongol in China are little differentiated. With the exception of such outlying languages as Moghol, Daur, and Monguor (Tu), the…

Ireland: Constitutional framework: …promulgates bills passed by the Oireachtas (Parliament) and, when so advised by the prime minister (taoiseach), summons and dissolves the Oireachtas. The president may, however, refuse to dissolve the Oireachtas on the advice of a prime minister who has ceased to command a majority in the Dáil Éireann (House of…

Altay, republic, southern Russia, in the Altai Mountains. It s bounded on the south by Mongolia and China. It embraces a complex series of ranges and high plateaus, divided by deep valleys and broad basins, that attain a maximum height of 14,783 feet (4,506 metres) in Mount Belukha. Steppe

Picardy: …encompassed the northern départements of Oise, Somme, and Aisne. In 2016 Picardy was joined with the région of Nord–Pas-de-Calais to form the new administrative entity of Hauts-de-France.

canals and inland waterways: Major inland waterways of Europe: …bottleneck was removed on the Oise Lateral Canal with the building of two locks to accommodate through convoys to Paris.

Oise River, river that rises in Belgium in the Ardennes mountains, southeast of Chimay. It enters France northeast of Hirson, 9 miles (15 km) from its source, and flows generally southwestward, watering the Paris Basin, to join the Seine River at Conflans, after a course of 188 miles (302 km). It

The Blue Bird, play for children by Maurice Maeterlinck, published as L’Oiseau bleu in 1908. In a fairy-tale-like setting, Tyltyl and Mytyl, the son and daughter of a poor woodcutter, are sent out by the Fairy Bérylune to search the world for the Blue Bird of Happiness. After many adventures, they

The Firebird, ballet by Russian composer Igor Stravinsky, first performed in Paris on June 25, 1910. It was the first international success of the composer’s career. Although The Firebird was the work that elevated Stravinsky to international renown, he was offered the commission to compose the

Jean Theodore Delacour: Later he wrote his Oiseaux de l’Indochine Française (1931; “The Birds of French Indochina”), which became a standard work on the birds of that region.

Louis-Honoré Fréchette: … (1879; “The Northern Flowers”) and Les Oiseaux de neige (1879; “The Snow Birds”) were awarded the Prix Montyon in 1880, the first time the work of a Canadian had been honoured by the French Academy. A controversial representative of liberal nationalism, Fréchette then wrote La Légende d’un peuple (1887; “The…

Édouard Maunick: In his first poetry collection, Les Oiseaux du sang (1954; “The Birds of Blood”), Maunick introduced a perspective that became characteristic of his later work; he rejected the sentimental search for roots to establish his individual identity. In Les Manèges de la mer (1964; “Taming the Sea”), he lamented his…

47 rōnin: …and Asano’s retainers, headed by Ōishi Yoshio, at once met to determine their future actions. They were now rōnin, or masterless samurai, and without a clear means of support. Some favoured resisting if the castle had to be yielded; others swore an oath to disembowel themselves before the castle gate.…

Ossian, the Irish warrior-poet of the Fenian cycle of hero tales about Finn MacCumhaill (MacCool) and his war band, the Fianna Éireann. The name Ossian became known throughout Europe in 1762, when the Scottish poet James Macpherson “discovered” and published the poems of Oisín, first with the epic

David Oistrakh was a world-renowned Soviet violin virtuoso acclaimed for his exceptional technique and tone production. A violin student from age five, Oistrakh graduated from the Odessa Conservatory in 1926 and made his Moscow debut in 1929. He gave recitals throughout the Soviet Union and eastern

David Oistrakh was a world-renowned Soviet violin virtuoso acclaimed for his exceptional technique and tone production. A violin student from age five, Oistrakh graduated from the Odessa Conservatory in 1926 and made his Moscow debut in 1929. He gave recitals throughout the Soviet Union and eastern

Igor Oistrakh was a Ukrainian violinist noted for his lean, modernist interpretations. Oistrakh studied with his father, the famous violinist David Oistrakh, and also attended the Central Music School in Moscow, making his concert debut in 1948. He then studied at the Moscow Conservatory (1949–55),

Igor Oistrakh was a Ukrainian violinist noted for his lean, modernist interpretations. Oistrakh studied with his father, the famous violinist David Oistrakh, and also attended the Central Music School in Moscow, making his concert debut in 1948. He then studied at the Moscow Conservatory (1949–55),

Ōita, ken (prefecture), northeastern Kyushu, Japan, facing the Suō Sea and Bungo Strait of the Pacific Ocean. Its interior is dominated by a complex mountain system, and most human activity centres on small coastal plains. The long, irregular coastline is marked by deep-cut Beppu Bay and the

Central Greece: …a more easterly trend: the Oeta (Oíti), which reaches 7,060 feet (2,152 m); the Gióna, 8,235 feet (2,510 m); and the Parnassus (Parnassós), 8,061 feet (2,457 m). Outliers of the Parnassus are the Helicon (Elikónas), Kithairón, Párnis, and Imittós (Hymettus), the last a great ridge east of the most populous…

Ojai, city, Ventura county, southern California, U.S. Situated 12 miles (19 km) north of Ventura and about 85 miles (135 km) northwest of Los Angeles, it lies in the Ojai Valley flanked by mountains. Originally inhabited by Chumash Indians, the site under Spanish rule was an outpost ranchería of

Małopolskie: Geography: …lakes, and hundreds of caves; Ojców National Park, also known for its caves, including the 755-foot- (230-metre-) long Ciemna Cave, which bears traces of human settlement dating back more than 100,000 years; and Pieniny National Park, the site of the spectacular Dunajec River Gorge, cut by the Dunajec River, which…

Vasco Núñez de Balboa: Career in the New World: …to a colony founded by Alonso de Ojeda on the coast of Urabá, in modern Colombia. The expedition found the survivors of the colony, led by Francisco Pizarro, but Ojeda had departed. On the advice of Balboa the settlers moved across the Gulf of Urabá to Darién, on the less…

Ojibwa, Algonquian-speaking North American Indian tribe who lived in what are now Ontario and Manitoba, Can., and Minnesota and North Dakota, U.S., from Lake Huron westward onto the Plains. Their name for themselves means “original people.” In Canada those Ojibwa who lived west of Lake Winnipeg are

biblical literature: Non-European versions: The New Testament appeared in Ojibwa in 1833, and the whole Bible was translated for the Dakota peoples in 1879. The Labrador Eskimos had a New Testament in 1826 and a complete Bible in 1871.

Ojibwa, Algonquian-speaking North American Indian tribe who lived in what are now Ontario and Manitoba, Can., and Minnesota and North Dakota, U.S., from Lake Huron westward onto the Plains. Their name for themselves means “original people.” In Canada those Ojibwa who lived west of Lake Winnipeg are

Ojibwa, Algonquian-speaking North American Indian tribe who lived in what are now Ontario and Manitoba, Can., and Minnesota and North Dakota, U.S., from Lake Huron westward onto the Plains. Their name for themselves means “original people.” In Canada those Ojibwa who lived west of Lake Winnipeg are

Ōjin was a semilegendary 15th emperor of Japan, who according to tradition flourished in the 3rd–4th century. Ōjin is believed to have consolidated imperial power, spearheaded land reform, and actively promoted cultural exchanges with Korea and China. It is said that highly skilled weaving

Ōjin was a semilegendary 15th emperor of Japan, who according to tradition flourished in the 3rd–4th century. Ōjin is believed to have consolidated imperial power, spearheaded land reform, and actively promoted cultural exchanges with Korea and China. It is said that highly skilled weaving

Japanese art: Amidism: …Genshin produced the 10-part treatise Ōjō Yōshū (“Essentials of Salvation”), a major synthesis of Buddhist theory on the issues of suffering and reward and a pragmatic guide for believers who sought rebirth in the Western Paradise. Genshin described in compelling detail the cosmology of the six realms of existence of…

Mbari Mbayo Club: Samuel Ojo worked in appliqué with cutout and embroidered fantasy-like figures. Ashiru Olatunde’s aluminum panels are found on Nigerian banks, churches, and bars and in private collections in Europe and America. His quiet folk art, which comments on Nigerian life, was as popular with farmers…

Gutierre de Cetina: …Spanish poet, author of “Ojos claros serenos” (“Clear, Serene Eyes”), one of the most frequently anthologized poems in the Spanish language.

Guadiana River: …form marshy lakes, known as Ojos del Guadiana (“Eyes of the Guadiana”), a noted wildfowl sanctuary. By contrast, the porous limestones found in other parts of the river’s basin form a shallow water table, producing intermittent streams such as the Guadiana Alto, Azuer, and Cárcoles that disappear underground, though eventually…

Andes Mountains: Physiography of the Central Andes: The peaks of Mounts Bonete, Ojos del Salado, and Pissis surpass 20,000 feet.

Odumegwu Ojukwu was a Nigerian military leader and politician, who was head of the secessionist state of Biafra during the Nigerian Civil War. Ojukwu was the son of a successful Igbo businessman. After graduating from the University of Oxford in 1955, he returned to Nigeria to serve as an

Odumegwu Ojukwu was a Nigerian military leader and politician, who was head of the secessionist state of Biafra during the Nigerian Civil War. Ojukwu was the son of a successful Igbo businessman. After graduating from the University of Oxford in 1955, he returned to Nigeria to serve as an

Radiohead: ” The widely acclaimed OK Computer (1997) was nothing short of a premillennial version of Pink Floyd’s classic album Dark Side of the Moon (1973): huge-sounding and chillingly beautiful, with Yorke’s weightless voice enveloped on masterpieces such as “Lucky” by webs of dark, dense textures. In its live performances,…

music video: …front and centre, as in OK Go’s “Here It Goes Again” (2006), in which the choreographed cavorting of band members on treadmills becomes a fluid modern dance.

Mani Ratnam: …kanmani (2015; also known as O kadhal kanmani) and Chekka chivantha vaanam (2018), about a power struggle in a crime family; both were in Tamil. He received the prestigious Padma Shri award, one of India’s highest civilian honours, in 2002.

Gilberto Gil: Gil’s later albums included OK OK OK (2018).

Oka-Akoko, town, Ondo state, southwestern Nigeria, in the Yoruba Hills, on roads from Owo and Ikare. An agricultural market centre (yams, cassava [manioc], corn [maize], rice, palm oil and kernels, okra, and pumpkins) for the local Yoruba people, it is also a collecting point for cocoa, palm

Port Salut cheese: Oka cheese, first made at a Trappist monastery at the village of Oka in Quebec, is a popular Canadian version.

mineral deposit: Carbonatite deposits: …major resource of rare earths; Oka, Quebec, Canada, a niobium-rich body; and the Kola Peninsula of Russia, mined for apatite, magnetite, and rare earths.

Oka Asajirō was a biologist who introduced the theory of evolution to the Japanese public and whose researches into the taxonomical and morphological (relating to form) structures of the leech and tunicate (coated with layers) and freshwater jellyfish contributed to understanding of the subject.

La Salle: …important role during the so-called Oka Crisis in 1990 when it was blockaded by Mohawks from the reserve in support of the Mohawks of the nearby Kanesatake Reserve, who were seeking to prevent the expansion of a golf course and construction of condominiums at Oka on a Mohawk burial ground.

Elsterian Glacial Stage, major division of Pleistocene deposits and time in northern Europe (the Pleistocene Epoch began about 2,600,000 years ago and ended about 11,700 years ago). The Elsterian followed the Cromerian Interglacial Stage and preceded the Holstein Interglacial Stage, both, in

Oka River, river in western Russia. It is the largest right-bank tributary of the Volga. Rising in the Central Russian Upland, it flows 932 miles (1,500 km), first north in a rather narrow, winding valley to Kaluga, then sharply eastward across a broad lowland to join the Volga at Nizhny Novgorod.

Oka-Akoko, town, Ondo state, southwestern Nigeria, in the Yoruba Hills, on roads from Owo and Ikare. An agricultural market centre (yams, cassava [manioc], corn [maize], rice, palm oil and kernels, okra, and pumpkins) for the local Yoruba people, it is also a collecting point for cocoa, palm

Okada Beisanjin was a Japanese painter who worked in the bunjin-ga, or literati, style that originated in China and appealed to intellectuals. The son of a prosperous rice merchant, Okada enjoyed reading and was fond of the books of paintings that had been collected by his family for generations.

Okada Keisuke was a Japanese admiral and prime minister who attempted to moderate extremist military influence in the government. Okada graduated from the Naval War College in 1901 and became a full admiral in 1924. After serving as the commander in chief of the combined fleet, he was appointed

Reizei Tamechika was a Japanese painter of the late Tokugawa period (1603–1867) whose talent and efforts contributed a great deal to the revival of the traditional Yamato-e (paintings stressing Japanese themes and techniques as against the Kara-e, a style under strong Chinese influence). Reizei was

Japanese literature: Kamakura period (1192–1333): Ōkagami (c. 1120?; “The Great Mirror”; Eng. trans. Ōkagami), the most famous of the “mirrors” of Japanese history, undoubtedly influenced the composition of Heike monogatari, especially in its moralistic tone. Hōgen monogatari (Eng. trans. Hōgen monogatari) and Heiji monogatari (partial Eng. trans. in Translations from…

Okakura Kakuzō was an art critic who had a great influence upon modern Japanese art. Okakura graduated (1880) from Tokyo Imperial University. Soon thereafter he met Ernest Fenollosa (q.v.), an American art critic and amateur painter who, while teaching at Tokyo University, had become the preeminent

Okakura Kakuzō was an art critic who had a great influence upon modern Japanese art. Okakura graduated (1880) from Tokyo Imperial University. Soon thereafter he met Ernest Fenollosa (q.v.), an American art critic and amateur painter who, while teaching at Tokyo University, had become the preeminent

Okamoto Kidō was a Japanese dramatist and drama critic who wrote nearly 200 historical Kabuki dramas. While working for the Tokyo newspaper Nichinichi in 1908, Okamoto wrote his first play, Ishin Zengo, for the actor Ichikawa Sadanji II and his Kabuki group. He continued writing historical dramas

Okamoto Kidō was a Japanese dramatist and drama critic who wrote nearly 200 historical Kabuki dramas. While working for the Tokyo newspaper Nichinichi in 1908, Okamoto wrote his first play, Ishin Zengo, for the actor Ichikawa Sadanji II and his Kabuki group. He continued writing historical dramas

Plateau Indian: Language: …Columbia area and include the Okanagan, Sinkaietk, Lake, Wenatchee, Sanpoil, Nespelim, Spokan, Kalispel, Pend d’Oreille, Coeur d’Alene, and Flathead

Plateau Indian: Language: …Columbia area and include the Okanagan, Sinkaietk, Lake, Wenatchee, Sanpoil, Nespelim, Spokan, Kalispel, Pend d’Oreille, Coeur d’Alene, and Flathead

Washington: Relief and drainage: The Okanogan Highlands, in the northeast, are an extension of the Rocky Mountains. Their north-south ranges, with summits that rise to more than 7,000 feet (2,100 metres), are separated by glaciated trenches. Most of the state’s metallic ores are found in this region.

Arata Isozaki: …Clubhouse in Ōita (1974), the Okanoyama Graphic Art Museum (1982–84), and the Civic Centre for Tsukuba (1983). His first international commission was for the Los Angeles Museum of Contemporary Art in 1986. Others followed, and he soon worked throughout Asia, Europe, and the Middle East. His notable works included the…