Ona, South American Indians who once inhabited the island of Tierra del Fuego. They were historically divided into two major sections: Shelknam and Haush. They spoke different dialects and had slightly different cultures. The Ona were hunters and gatherers who subsisted chiefly on guanaco, small

Pedro de Oña was the first known poet born in Chile. After studying at the University of San Marcos in Lima, he entered the army and served in several battles against rebellious Indians. His most famous work is Primera parte de Arauco domado (1596; “First Part of the Araucan Conquest”), a verse

bird: Modern birds: …the largest of them (Onactornis) standing 2.5 metres (8 feet) tall and having a skull 80 cm (31 inches) long and 40 cm (16 inches) high.

onager, (Equus onager), species of Asian wild ass that ranges from northwest Iran to Turkmenistan. The onager is pale-coloured and has a short erect mane and fairly large ears. It stands 1.5 metres (4.5 feet) at the shoulder and weighs about 250 kg (550 pounds). The onager was domesticated in

onager, in weaponry, ancient Roman torsion-powered weapon, similar to a catapult. It consisted of a single vertical beam thrust through a thick horizontal skein of twisted cords. The skein was twisted tight by geared winches, and the beam was then pulled down to a horizontal position, further

Onagraceae, evening primrose family of flowering plants, belonging to the myrtle order (Myrtales), comprising 18 genera and 655 species, and concentrated in the temperate region of the New World. The family is characterized by flowers with parts mostly on the plan of four (four sepals, four petals,

gastronomy: Indian: …the more prominent festivals are Onam, a rice harvest celebration; Diwali, the festival of lights, which marks the beginning of the Hindu New Year; Dashera, which marks the triumph of the good prince Rama over evil; and Holi, the festival of spring, which honours Lord Krishna, an incarnation of the…

masturbation: …it as the sin of Onan, who in the Old Testament was censured for spilling his seed; and the Roman Catholic church still officially condemns masturbation as a mortal sin.

Naruto: Ōnaruto Bridge spans the strait, connecting Naruto with Awaji Island and ultimately providing a road link with Kōbe, on the island of Honshu. Pop. (2005) 63,198; (2010) 61,513.

Aristotle Socrates Onassis was a Greek shipping magnate who developed a fleet of supertankers and freighters larger than the navies of many countries. Although originally wealthy tobacco dealers, Onassis’s family lost almost everything when Smyrna (modern İzmir), which had become a Greek city after

Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis was an American first lady (1961–63), who was the wife of John F. Kennedy, 35th president of the United States, and was noted for her style and elegance. Her second husband, Aristotle Onassis, was one of the wealthiest men in the world. Jacqueline was the elder of two

Spain: Spain and Europe: His successor, the conde de Oñate, negotiated the secret Treaty of Graz (1617) by which the Jesuit-educated archduke Ferdinand of Styria (later Emperor Ferdinand II) was designated as heir to Matthias. In return for giving up Philip III’s claims to the Austrian succession, which Madrid had never seriously…

Juan de Oñate was a conquistador who established the colony of New Mexico for Spain. During his despotic governorship, he vainly sought the mythical riches of North America and succeeded instead in unlocking the geographical secrets of what is now the southwestern United States. The son of wealthy

Ireland: Visual arts: Once (2006) brought a lighter mood with its focus on the musical life of Dublin but also on the new multiculturalism of the city. Meanwhile, a stream of Irish actors and directors have made an imprint on the global film industry, including directors Jim Sheridan…

Buenos Aires: City neighbourhoods: Abasto and Once are quintessential working-class neighbourhoods; both are located west of Avenida 9 de Julio. Carlos Gardel, one of Argentina’s renowned tango singers, lived in Abasto. Once is famous for its Art Deco buildings. To the north of Once lies Belgrano, home to a relatively small…

John Legend: His sophomore effort, Once Again (2006), won plaudits as well as Legend’s second Grammy for best male R&B vocal performance (for the single “Heaven”). Legend was a cowinner (with Joss Stone and Van Hunt) of the award for best R&B performance by a duo or group with vocals…

The Once and Future King, quartet of novels by T.H. White, published in a single volume in 1958. The quartet comprises The Sword in the Stone (1938), The Queen of Air and Darkness—first published as The Witch in the Wood (1939)—The Ill-Made Knight (1940), and The Candle in the Wind (published in

cribbage: Scoring: …less frequently played game of once around. Each player has two pegs, and each scoring point is marked by jumping the rearmost peg ahead of the other (thus showing at a glance the number of points scored on a move as well as the total). Scores must be pegged in…

Richard Dreyfuss: …What About Bob? (1991), and Once Around (1991)—were more critical favourites than box-office successes. His sensitive multilayered performance as a musician who foregoes dreams of a composing career to teach high school in Mr. Holland’s Opus (1995) earned Dreyfuss another Oscar nomination.

Leo McCarey: Middle years: Less successful was Once Upon a Honeymoon (1942), a witless comedy-drama-romance. It starred Grant as a radio reporter who has to save a chorus girl (Ginger Rogers) from her Nazi husband (Walter Slezak) as the newlyweds honeymoon across war-torn Europe. A misfire for McCarey, it drew particular criticism…

Muhammad ʿAli Jamalzadah: …was reprinted in 1921/22 in Yakī būd yakī nabūd (Once Upon a Time), a collection of his short stories that laid the foundation for modern Persian prose. Yakī būd yakī nabūd caused a great stir, not only because of its innovative prose style, modern diction, and its use of colloquial…

Sergio Leone: …last film he completed was Once upon a Time in America (1984), a grand-scale and somber drama about Jewish gangsters in New York City who encounter greed, betrayal, and regret.

Jet Li: …1991 film Wong Fei-hung (Once Upon a Time in China), Li played his most famous character, the historical martial arts master Wong Fei-hung, who fought against injustice and foreign encroachment at the end of the Qing dynasty. Li became a top star in Hong Kong and played Wong in…

Antonio Banderas: …of El Mariachi in Rodriguez’s Once Upon a Time in Mexico (2003). In addition, he provided the voice of Puss in Boots in the popular Shrek sequels (2004, 2007, and 2010) and in a spin-off film, Puss in Boots (2011).

Once upon a Time in the West, Italian western film, released in 1968, that was considered by many to be Sergio Leone’s operatic masterpiece. The epic is also notable for Henry Fonda’s playing against type as a villainous killer. Jill (played by Claudia Cardinale) is a mail-order bride who arrives

John Goodman: Film career: …action thrillers Kong: Skull Island,e Once Upon a Time in Venice, and Atomic Blonde. His later movies included Captive State (2019), in which aliens have colonized Earth and face a resistance movement.

Quentin Tarantino: His next film, Once Upon a Time…in Hollywood (2019), centres on a washed-up actor (Leonardo DiCaprio) and his stuntman (Brad Pitt), both of whom cross paths with Charles Manson in 1969 Los Angeles. The movie received a standing ovation when it premiered at the Cannes film festival. In…

Japanese art: Wood-block prints: …leader of this movement was Onchi Kōshirō. Also prominent was Yamamoto Kanae. A notable feature of sōsaku hanga works was a movement toward defining shapes using colour rather than outlines, as in traditional wood-block prints.

gastropod: Classification: …or invaginable, tentacles; marine (Onchidiidae), terrestrial and herbivorous (Veronicellidae), or terrestrial and carnivorous (Rathouisiidae); about 200 species. Superorder Basommatophora Mantle cavity present; eyes at base of 1 pair of tentacles; male and female gonopore separate, usually on right side of body; shell conical to patelliform; mostly

onchocerciasis, filarial disease caused by the helminth Onchocerca volvulus, which is transmitted to humans by the bite of black flies in the genus Simulium. The disease is found chiefly in Brazil and Venezuela in the Americas and in sub-Saharan Africa, in a broad belt extending from Senegal on the

onchocerciasis: …disease caused by the helminth Onchocerca volvulus, which is transmitted to humans by the bite of black flies in the genus Simulium. The disease is found chiefly in Brazil and Venezuela in the Americas and in sub-Saharan Africa, in a broad belt extending from Senegal on the west coast to…

onchocerciasis, filarial disease caused by the helminth Onchocerca volvulus, which is transmitted to humans by the bite of black flies in the genus Simulium. The disease is found chiefly in Brazil and Venezuela in the Americas and in sub-Saharan Africa, in a broad belt extending from Senegal on the

onchocerciasis, filarial disease caused by the helminth Onchocerca volvulus, which is transmitted to humans by the bite of black flies in the genus Simulium. The disease is found chiefly in Brazil and Venezuela in the Americas and in sub-Saharan Africa, in a broad belt extending from Senegal on the

alkaptonuria: …to a condition known as onchronosis. The pigment, bound to collagen fibres in the deeper layers of joint cartilage and intervertebral disks (the fibrous pads between adjacent bones of the spine), causes these tissues to lose their normal resiliency and become brittle. The erosion of the abnormal cartilage leads to…

long-horned beetle: The twig girdler (Oncideres cingulata) deposits eggs in twigs and then girdles, or cuts, a groove around the twig. Eventually the twig dies and breaks off, and the larvae develop inside the dead twig. The Asian long-horned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis), native to China and Korea, is…

Oncidium, genus of some 300 species of tropical and subtropical American orchids (family Orchidaceae). Oncidium species are known variously as bee orchids, tiger orchids, and dancing ladies because of their appearance. A number of them are cultivated horticulturally. The plants vary greatly in size

Geoffroy’s cat, (Oncifelis geoffroyi), South American cat of the family Felidae, found in mountainous regions, especially in Argentina. It is gray or brown with black markings and grows to a length of about 90 cm (36 inches), including a tail of about 40 cm (16 inches). Geoffroy’s cat climbs well

Baptist: Growth outside the United States: …pioneer Baptist in Europe was Johann Gerhardt Oncken, who organized a church at Hamburg in 1834. Oncken had become acquainted with Barnas Sears of Colgate Theological Seminary, who was studying in Germany, and with six others he was baptized by Sears. From this centre, evangelistic activity was extended throughout Germany,…

oncogene, genetic material that carries the ability to induce cancer. An oncogene is a sequence of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that has been altered or mutated from its original form, the proto-oncogene. Operating as a positive growth regulator, the proto-oncogene is involved in promoting the

carcinogen: A number of viruses are suspected of causing cancer in animals, including humans, and are frequently referred to as oncogenic viruses. Examples include human papillomaviruses, the Epstein-Barr virus, and the hepatitis B virus, all of which have genomes made up of DNA. Human T-cell leukemia virus type I…

lygaeid bug: The large milkweed bug (Oncopeltus fasciatus) is distinguished by its broad red and black bands. They range from 3 to 15 mm (0.1 to 0.6 inch) in length, although they are usually less than 10 mm.

trout: ), and the golden trout. The golden trout (O. aguabonita) is a mountain trout of clear waters in the Sierra Nevada mountains of California. The brown trout (q.v.), Salmo trutta, is a common European trout that has been widely introduced into suitable waters around the world. Salmon trout…

cutthroat trout, (Oncorhynchus clarki), black-spotted game fish, family Salmonidae, of western North America named for the bright-red streaks of colour beneath the lower jaws. It strikes at flies, baits, and lures and is considered a good table fish. Size is usually up to 2 to 4 kg (4.4 to 8.8

pink salmon, (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha), North Pacific food fish, family Salmonidae, weighing about 2 kilograms (4 12 pounds) and marked with large, irregular spots. It often spawns on tidal flats, the young entering the sea immediately after hatching. The alternative name humpback salmon refers to

chum salmon, (Oncorhynchus keta), lightly speckled North Pacific fish, family Salmonidae, weighing up to 15 kg (33 pounds). During the spawning season in autumn, it may swim more than 3,200 km (2,000 miles) up the Yukon River. (See also

coho, (Oncorhynchus kisutch), species of salmon, family Salmonidae, prized for food and sport. The coho may weigh up to 16 kg (35 pounds) and is recognized by the small spots on the back and upper tail-fin lobe. Young coho stay in fresh water for about one year before entering North Pacific waters;

salmon: …the Klamath River; and the cherry salmon (O. masu), which is found off Japan. The Atlantic salmon is native to the rivers on both sides of the North Atlantic.

rainbow trout, (Oncorhynchus mykiss), game fish of the family Salmonidae noted for its spectacular leaps and hard fighting when hooked. It has been introduced from western North America to many other countries. A brightly coloured fish of lakes and swift streams, it is covered with small black

sockeye salmon, (Oncorhynchus nerka), North Pacific food fish of the family Salmonidae that lacks distinct spots on the body. It weighs about 3 kg (6.6 pounds); however, some specimens may weigh as much as 7.7 kg (17 pounds). Sockeye salmon range from the northern Bering Sea to Japan and from

sockeye salmon: The kokanee (O. nerka kennerlyi) is a small nonmigratory freshwater form of sockeye. See also salmon.

chinook salmon, (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) prized North Pacific food and sport fish of the family Salmonidae. It weighs up to 60 kg (130 pounds) and is silvery with round black spots. Spawning runs occur in spring, adults swimming as far as 3,200 km (2,000 miles) up the Yukon. Young chinook salmon

palm: Evolution: Livistona, Trachycarpus, and Oncosperma, existed in the United States, Canada, India, Europe, and China, many in places where palms do not occur today. These genera include members of groups considered primitive and specialized within the family and appear to represent an early burst of radiation and diversification.

palm: Distribution: …the western Malay Archipelago, where Oncosperma tigillarium and Calamus erinaceus (and, in Borneo, Daemonorops longispathus) are found. In the Amazon estuary Raphia taedigera covers extensive areas; other species of the raffia palm dominate similar habitats in West Africa. The raffia palm occurs in nearly pure stands between marsh and dicotyledonous…

Michael Ondaatje is a Canadian novelist and poet whose musical prose and poetry were created from a blend of myth, history, jazz, memoirs, and other forms. Ondaatje immigrated to Montreal when he was 19 and received a B.A. in English from the University of Toronto in 1965 and an M.A. from Queen’s

Michael Ondaatje is a Canadian novelist and poet whose musical prose and poetry were created from a blend of myth, history, jazz, memoirs, and other forms. Ondaatje immigrated to Montreal when he was 19 and received a B.A. in English from the University of Toronto in 1965 and an M.A. from Queen’s

Ondangwa, settlement, northern Namibia, about 335 miles (540 km) north of Windhoek, the capital. In 1870, Onandjokue, near Ondangwa, was the site of the first Christian (Finnish Lutheran) mission in Owambo. The mission introduced Western health and educational institutions and trained the local

Ondangwa, settlement, northern Namibia, about 335 miles (540 km) north of Windhoek, the capital. In 1870, Onandjokue, near Ondangwa, was the site of the first Christian (Finnish Lutheran) mission in Owambo. The mission introduced Western health and educational institutions and trained the local

muskrat, (Ondatra zibethicus), a large amphibious rodent indigenous to North America but found also in Europe, Ukraine, Russia, Siberia, adjacent areas of China and Mongolia, and Honshu Island in Japan. The muskrat is a robust vole weighing up to 1.8 kg (4 pounds). It has short legs and a compact

drug use: National controls: …to the creation of the Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP). The ONDCP establishes drug-control policy and sets national goals for reducing the illicit use and trafficking of drugs. It is also responsible for producing the National Drug Control Strategy (NDCS). The NDCS is designed to facilitate effective drug-control…

Willem Bilderdijk: …is the unfinished epic poem De ondergang der eerste wareld (1810; “The Destruction of the First World”), which dramatically portrays the primordial struggle between Cain’s son and the progeny of his daughters.

Dutch literature: Romanticism: Although Jacob Geel’s essays in Onderzoek en phantasie (1838; “Inquiry and Fantasy”) set a new standard in philological and philosophical criticism in Dutch literature, Geel’s liberal rationalism was almost swept aside by the growing wave of Romanticism. Simultaneously, the freethinking born of the Enlightenment roused the militancy of the Calvinists,…

ondes martenot, (French: “musical waves”), electronic musical instrument demonstrated in 1928 in France by the inventor Maurice Martenot. Oscillating radio tubes produce electric pulses at two supersonic sound-wave frequencies. They in turn produce a lower frequency within audible range that is

ondes martenot, (French: “musical waves”), electronic musical instrument demonstrated in 1928 in France by the inventor Maurice Martenot. Oscillating radio tubes produce electric pulses at two supersonic sound-wave frequencies. They in turn produce a lower frequency within audible range that is

Legio Maria: …Luo ethnic group in Kenya: Simeo Ondeto (died 1992), a catechist (religious teacher), and Gaundencia Aoko. Both claimed to have undergone prophetic experiences that invested them with divine authority and directed them to reject traditional magic and divine healers. Excommunicated for this, Ondeto and Aoko formed a new all-African church…

Yobes Ondieki is a Kenyan distance runner who surprised observers in 1993 by setting a world record in the 10,000 metres, an event he had not run on a track in 10 years. At the time, his performance was considered by some as the best distance race ever run. After attending Iowa State University,

Neil Jordan: Other films: Jordan’s subsequent films include Ondine (2009), a fantasy in which a fisherman (Colin Farrell) catches a woman (Alicja Bachleda) in his net and begins to believe that she is a mythical creature, and the moody vampire thriller Byzantium (2012), starring Saoirse Ronan. He later helmed and cowrote Greta (2018),…

Jean Giraudoux: …loves a mortal man as Ondine (1939).

undine, mythological figure of European tradition, a water nymph who becomes human when she falls in love with a man but is doomed to die if he is unfaithful to her. Derived from the Greek figures known as Nereids, attendants of the sea god Poseidon, Ondine was first mentioned in the writings of

electronic instrument: Post-World War II electronic instruments: …Martin’s Clavioline, and Georges Jenny’s Ondioline are examples of commercially produced monophonic (capable of generating only one note at a time) electronic instruments. These instruments used small keyboards and were designed to mount immediately under the keyboard of a piano. They were capable of simulating a wide variety of traditional…

ondes martenot, (French: “musical waves”), electronic musical instrument demonstrated in 1928 in France by the inventor Maurice Martenot. Oscillating radio tubes produce electric pulses at two supersonic sound-wave frequencies. They in turn produce a lower frequency within audible range that is

Ondo, town, Ondo state, southwestern Nigeria, at the southern edge of the Yoruba Hills (elevation 940 feet [287 m]) and the intersection of roads from Ife, Akure, and Okitipupa. A collecting point for cocoa and palm oil and kernels, it is a local market centre (yams, cassava [manioc], corn [maize],

Ondo, state, western Nigeria. It was created out of former Ondo province of former Western state in 1976. It is bounded by the states of Kwara and Kogi on the north, Edo on the east, Delta on the southeast, and Osun and Ogun on the west and by the Bight of Benin of the Atlantic Ocean on the south.

Korea: The use of metals and the emergence of tribal states: …built on the ground, and ondol, a floor-heating device, was developed. The appearance of iron weapons, horse equipment, and coaches indicates that horses and chariots were employed in wars. Wiman (Wei Man in Chinese), said to have defected from China, became ruler of Gojoseon about 194 bce. More likely, he…

Öndörhaan, town, eastern Mongolia. Situated on the Kerulen River, 180 miles (290 km) east of Ulaanbaatar, the town lies at a major junction of transportation routes between Ulaanbaatar and Choybalsan. Coal mining is economically important; the coalfield in the Mörön River valley, 50 miles (80 km)

Middle Eastern religion: Association of religion with the arts and sciences: The most perfect number was one, for by advancing from zero to one men believed they proceeded from nonexistence to existence. Moreover, all other whole numbers were regarded as multiples of one, representative of the Creator, the Prime Mover, of the universe. The Egyptians called Re “the one One”; the…

Harry Nilsson: Fame as songwriter and singer: …single from the album, “One” (the “beep, beep, beep” rhythm of which had been inspired by a telephone “busy” signal), became a huge hit in 1969 for the rock group Three Dog Night.

Christianity: Western Catholic Christianity: …his doctrine of the “One Act,” that is, the teaching that the will, once fixed on God in contemplative prayer, cannot lose its union with the divine. In France Mme Guyon and her adviser, François Fénelon, archbishop of Cambrai, were also condemned for Quietist tendencies emphasizing the role of…

Dick Gregory: The One and Only Dick Gregory, a documentary about his life and career, appeared in 2021.

Angelina Jolie: Film roles: … and 2016) as well as The One and Only Ivan (2020).

Joseph Kosuth: …created his first conceptual work, One and Three Chairs, which displayed an actual chair, its photograph, and a text with the definition of the word chair. This work was a milestone in the development of Western art, and it started a trend that favoured the idea or the concept of…

Sleater-Kinney: One Beat (2002) proved to be an even more expansive affair, incorporating classic rock song structures as well as instruments such as horns and synthesizers. Tucker’s lyrics drew inspiration from her newfound role as a mother, as well as the aftermath of the September 11…

Bermuda: History of Bermuda: In the 2012 elections the One Bermuda Alliance (OBA)—formed the previous year through the merger of the UBP and another opposition party, the Bermuda Democratic Alliance—won a decisive majority. Its leader, Craig Cannonier, took office as premier. Cannonier resigned abruptly in May 2014 in the wake of a scandal involving…

organized labour: Challenges to pure-and-simple unionism: This was the One Big Union (OBU), which had its roots in a postwar labour disaffection from conventional trade unionism that was especially pronounced in western Canada. Structured more along geographic than along the industrial-union lines of the IWW, the OBU had its moment of glory in the…

Anne Hathaway: The Princess Diaries, Brokeback Mountain, and The Devil Wears Prada: …starred in the romantic drama One Day the following year.

Norman Lear: …created were Maude (1972–78) and One Day at a Time (1975–84); the latter series returned—with various changes—in 2017. Sanford and Son, Good Times (1974–79), and The Jeffersons, a spin-off of All in the Family, were significant in their depictions of African American family life. Lear also produced such films as…

Rita Moreno: …a Cuban American family in One Day at a Time (2017–20), a remake of Norman Lear’s 1970s sitcom of the same name; the series originally aired on Netflix, but after three seasons it moved to Pop TV for a short run.

Sigurd Hoel: …En dag i oktober (1931; One Day in October), in which the inhabitants of an Oslo apartment building are deeply affected by the tragic life and death of a fellow lodger. In this novel Hoel made extended use of interior monologues. Hoel was a close friend of the Austrian psychologist…

One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich, short novel by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, published in Russian in 1962 as Odin den Ivana Denisovicha in the Soviet literary magazine Novy Mir and published in book form the following year. Solzhenitsyn’s first literary work—a treatment of his experiences in the

the New York Dolls: …entered the studio to produce One Day It Will Please Us to Remember Even This (2006), the first collection of new Dolls material to appear since 1974. The tour that followed demonstrated that this second incarnation of the Dolls had the same sort of energy as the first, and the…

Spanish literature: The novel: The One Day of the Week), masterfully utilizing pseudoscientific impassivity and cinematographic techniques, depicts the monotonous existence of urban youth via their aimless conversations and exposes postwar apathy. Other young writers who first emerged in the 1950s were Jesús Fernández Santos, Juan García Hortelano, Jesús…

Donald Hall: The book-length The One Day: A Poem in Three Parts (1988), considered his masterpiece, is an intricate meditation on middle age. White Apples and the Taste of Stone (2006) is a collection of poetry from across his career.

One Direction, British-Irish male vocal group whose stylish good looks and bright pop-rock sound captivated young fans around the world in the early 2010s. The members were Niall Horan (b. September 13, 1993, Mullingar, County Westmeath, Ireland), Zayn Malik (b. January 12, 1993, Bradford, West

Hope Hostel, a four-story lodging facility located in Kigali, Rwanda. It opened in October 2014 to house college students who had been orphaned after their parents were killed during the Rwandan genocide of 1994; it provided a place for them to reside when school was not in session. In 2022 the

neo-noir: …racism, including Carl Franklin in One False Move (1992), about three fugitives on the run from Los Angeles to small-town Arkansas. In Franklin’s stylish murder mystery Devil in a Blue Dress (1995), the protagonist is a Black private eye (played by Denzel Washington) investigating the disappearance of a femme fatale…

Kingsley Amis: …were expressed in the novel One Fat Englishman (1963).

Gregory Maguire: …Hairdos (1997) and finishing with One Final Firecracker (2005). Later children’s books included What-the-Dickens: The Story of a Rogue Tooth Fairy (2007) and Egg & Spoon (2014). In Cress Watercress (2022) a young bunny deals with the loss of her father.

Robert Klein: Music and acting: (1978), Radioland Murders (1994), One Fine Day (1996), Primary Colors (1998), The Safety of Objects (2001), Two Weeks Notice (2002), How to Lose a Guy in 10 Days (2003), Ira & Abby (2006), Reign Over Me (2007), The Back-up Plan (2010), and

Carole King: Roof” (1962; the Drifters), “One Fine Day” (1963; the Chiffons), “Don’t Bring Me Down” (1966; the Animals), and “(You Make Me Feel like) A Natural Woman” (1967; Aretha Franklin).

American literature: The Off-Broadway ascendancy: …a preacher; poet Naomi Wallace’s One Flea Spare (1995), set in London during the Great Plague of 1665; and Margaret Edson’s Wit (1995), about the slow, poignant cancer death of a literary scholar whose life has been shaped by the eloquence and wit of Metaphysical poetry.

One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest , American dramatic film, released in 1975, that was based on the 1962 novel of the same name by Ken Kesey. The movie, directed by Miloš Forman and starring Jack Nicholson, was the first film since It Happened One Night (1934) to win the Academy Awards for best