Ivan the Terrible: Early reforms: …In February 1547 Ivan married Anastasia Romanovna, a great-aunt of the future first tsar of the Romanov dynasty.

Kropotkin, city, Krasnodar kray (territory), western Russia, on the Kuban River. Founded in the 19th century as Romanovsky Khutor, it was renamed in 1921 for the geographer and revolutionary anarchist P.A. Kropotkin. It became a town in 1921 and until 1962 was the centre of the Kavkazsky rayon

Thomas Couture: …genre pictures such as “The Romans of the Decadence” (1847), which created a sensation at the Salon of 1847.

Letter of Paul to the Romans, sixth book of the New Testament and the longest and doctrinally most significant of St. Paul the Apostle’s writings. It was probably composed at Corinth in about 57 ce. The epistle was addressed to the Christian church at Rome, whose congregation Paul hoped to visit

Romans-sur-Isère, town, Drôme département, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes région, southeastern France. It lies along the north bank of the Isère River, northeast of Valence. Founded in the 9th century, Romans-sur-Isère was the scene of the transfer of Dauphiné to France by the dauphin Humbert II (1349) and

Romansh language, Romance language of the Rhaetian group spoken in northern Italy and Switzerland, primarily in the Rhine Valley in the Swiss canton of Graubünden (Grisons). Since 1938 Romansh has been a “national” language of Switzerland for cantonal, though not federal, purposes; a referendum in

Romansh language, Romance language of the Rhaetian group spoken in northern Italy and Switzerland, primarily in the Rhine Valley in the Swiss canton of Graubünden (Grisons). Since 1938 Romansh has been a “national” language of Switzerland for cantonal, though not federal, purposes; a referendum in

classical ballet, system of dance based on formalized movements and positions of the arms, feet, and body designed to enable the dancer to move with the greatest possible agility, control, speed, lightness, and grace. Classical-ballet technique is based on the turned-out position of the legs, which

Western architecture: Origins and development: The term Romantic Classicism was used by some 20th-century art historians to describe certain aspects of Neoclassical architecture. This term admits non-Greco-Roman forms and the many attempts to imitate Chinese, Moorish, Indian, Egyptian, and, of course, Gothic buildings.

Ellen Glasgow: …in three comedies of manners—The Romantic Comedians (1926), They Stooped to Folly (1929), and The Sheltered Life (1932). Her last novel, In This Our Life (1941), had a similar theme and, although not her best work, was awarded a Pulitzer Prize. She had been awarded (1940) the Howells Medal…

Romanticism, attitude or intellectual orientation that characterized many works of literature, painting, music, architecture, criticism, and historiography in Western civilization over a period from the late 18th to the mid-19th century. Romanticism can be seen as a rejection of the precepts of

Leo Baeck: Baeck’s philosophy: …emotion, in his essay “Romantic Religion” (1922). The American philosopher Walter Kaufmann viewed this work as Baeck’s greatest achievement next to The Essence of Judaism. Yet one cannot ignore Baeck’s final work, written in the concentration camp, This People Israel: The Meaning of Jewish Existence (1955), which moves from…

chess: Morphy and the theory of attack: …described as members of the Romantic school of chess.

Heinrich Heine: Later life and works: …culture, Die Romantische Schule (1833–35; The Romantic School) and “Zur Geschichte der Religion und Philosophie in Deutschland” (1834–35; “On the History of Religion and Philosophy in Germany”), in which he mounted a criticism of Germany’s present and recent past and argued the long-range revolutionary potential of the German heritage of…

Romanticism, attitude or intellectual orientation that characterized many works of literature, painting, music, architecture, criticism, and historiography in Western civilization over a period from the late 18th to the mid-19th century. Romanticism can be seen as a rejection of the precepts of

Symphony No. 4 in E-flat Major, symphony by Austrian composer Anton Bruckner that premiered in Vienna on February 20, 1881. The byname, approved by the composer himself, refers to the work’s ambitious scope—it is over an hour in length—and to its grand emotional gestures. It was the first of

Symphony No. 2, flowing three-movement symphony by American neo-Romantic composer Howard Hanson, written as a counter to such musical trends of the day as formalism and serialism. The symphony was commissioned by the Boston Symphony Orchestra for the occasion of its 50th anniversary, and the work

The Sleepwalkers: …oder die Romantik 1888 (1931; The Romantic), Esch oder die Anarchie 1903 (1931; The Anarchist), and Huguenau oder die Sachlichkeit 1918 (1932; The Realist).

Romanticism, attitude or intellectual orientation that characterized many works of literature, painting, music, architecture, criticism, and historiography in Western civilization over a period from the late 18th to the mid-19th century. Romanticism can be seen as a rejection of the precepts of

August, Graf von Platen: … (1826; “The Fateful Prong”) and Der romantische Oedipus (1829; “The Romantic Oedipus”). Der romantische Oedipus earned him the enmity of two other eminent German writers—Karl Immermann, whose work was ridiculed in it, and Immermann’s close friend Heinrich Heine. Platen, however, possessed many admirers who delighted in the classical purity of…

Heinrich Heine: Later life and works: …culture, Die Romantische Schule (1833–35; The Romantic School) and “Zur Geschichte der Religion und Philosophie in Deutschland” (1834–35; “On the History of Religion and Philosophy in Germany”), in which he mounted a criticism of Germany’s present and recent past and argued the long-range revolutionary potential of the German heritage of…

Danish literature: Romantisme: The 1830s and ’40s saw the emergence of romantisme, a movement that reflected a fading faith in the philosophic ideals of Romanticism. The literature of romantisme became more contemplative and more concerned with form than with content. Johan Ludvig Heiberg, who led this movement,…

Romanus was the pope from August to November 897. Romanus was a cardinal when elected pope in August amidst the chaotic aftermath of Pope Stephen VI’s murder. For exhuming and desecrating Pope Formosus’ corpse and annulling his pontificate in the “Cadaver Synod,” Stephen had been imprisoned and

John XIX was the pope from 1024 to 1032. A member of the Tusculani family that followed the powerful Crescentii as rulers of Rome, he was a layman when he succeeded his brother Pope Benedict VIII in April/May 1024; he was accused of obtaining the office through bribery. On Easter 1027 he crowned as

Romanus I Lecapenus was a Byzantine emperor who shared the imperial throne with his son-in-law Constantine VII and exercised all real power from 920 to 944. Romanus was admiral of the Byzantine fleet on the Danube when, hearing of the defeat of the army at Achelous (917), he resolved to sail for

Romanus II was a Byzantine emperor from 959 to 963. The son of Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus, Romanus was a politically incapable ruler who left affairs of state to the eunuch Joseph Bringas and military affairs to Nicephorus Phocas; Nicephorus became emperor after Romanus’ death with the help of

Romanus III Argyrus was the Byzantine emperor from 1028 to 1034. Of noble family, he was a prefect of Constantinople when he was compelled by the dying emperor, Constantine VIII, to marry his daughter Zoe and to become his successor. Romanus showed great eagerness to make his mark as a ruler but

Romanus IV Diogenes was a Byzantine emperor (January 1, 1068–1071), a member of the Cappadocian military aristocracy. In 1068 Romanus married Eudocia Macrembolitissa, widow of the emperor Constantine X Ducas. He led military expeditions against the Seljuq Turks but was defeated and captured by them

Roma, an ethnic group of traditionally itinerant people who originated in northern India but live in modern times worldwide, principally in Europe. Most Roma speak some form of Romany, a language closely related to the modern Indo-European languages of northern India, as well as the major language

Romany languages, group of 60 or more highly divergent dialects that are genetically related to the Indo-Aryan (Indic) languages. The Romany languages are spoken by more than three million individuals worldwide, and the more remotely related Domari group of dialects (whose speakers seem to have

Helmut Käutner: …film of this period was Romanze in Moll (1943; Romance in a Minor Key), an adaptation of Guy du Maupassant’s short story “Les Bijoux.” A somewhat traditional love-triangle story, the film was praised for its compositional perfection and technical virtuosity. Käutner’s last film of this period was the well-regarded Unter…

Heinrich Heine: Later life and works: His third volume of poems, Romanzero (1851), is full of heartrending laments and bleak glosses on the human condition; many of these poems are now regarded as among his finest. A final collection, Gedichte 1853 und 1854 (Poems 1853 and 1854), is of the same order. After nearly eight years…

Romário is a Brazilian football (soccer) player and politician who was one of the most prolific goal scorers in the sport’s history. He won the Golden Ball as most outstanding performer in the 1994 World Cup after helping Brazil win the tournament. Romário was raised in Villa Pena, a Rio de Janeiro

petroleum: Russia and the Caspian Sea region: …supergiant oil fields, Samotlor and Romashkino, were discovered in 1964 and 1949 respectively. Production from these mature fields is on the decline, however, so that total Russian oil output is maintained by production at new fields. The best prospects for new Russian discoveries appear to exist in difficult and expensive…

Sigmund Romberg was a Hungarian-born American composer whose works include several successful operettas. Romberg was educated in Vienna as an engineer, but he also studied composition and became a skilled violinist and organist. In 1909 he went to New York City. There, as conductor of an orchestra

Romblon, island and town of the Philippines in the Sibuyan Sea, part of the Visayan Islands archipelago. Romblon Island is generally low and fertile. Abaca, copra, and rice are the principal crops on the island, and marble quarries are also worked. The town of Romblon is situated on the

Romblon: The town of Romblon is situated on the northwestern coast of Romblon Island. It is a busy port on the interisland passage between San Bernardino Strait (east) and Verde Island Passage (west). Area 32 square miles (83 square km). Pop. (2000) mun., 36,612; (2010) mun., 37,995.

Cabo Verde: Land: …the three islets called the Rombos—Grande, Luís Carneiro, and Cima.

Cabo Verde: Land: …the three islets called the Rombos—Grande, Luís Carneiro, and Cima.

ancient Rome: Rome’s foundation myth: Before that time, they thought, Rome had been ruled by seven kings in succession. By using Greek methods of genealogical reckoning, they estimated that seven kings would have ruled about 250 years, thus making Rome’s regal period begin in the middle of the 8th century bc. Ancient historians initially differed…

Rome, city, seat (1834) of Floyd county, northwestern Georgia, U.S. It lies about 65 miles (105 km) northwest of Atlanta in a valley where the Etowah and Oostanaula rivers form the Coosa River, and it is built on seven hills (hence the name). Rome was founded in 1834 on the site of a Cherokee

Rome, city, Oneida county, east-central New York, U.S. It is situated 15 miles (24 km) northwest of Utica. The site, at the ancient Native American portage between the Mohawk River and Wood Creek, was fortified by the British as early as 1725. Fort Stanwix (1758), which replaced two previous forts

Rome, historic city and capital of Roma provincia (province), of Lazio regione (region), and of the country of Italy. Rome is located in the central portion of the Italian peninsula, on the Tiber River about 15 miles (24 km) inland from the Tyrrhenian Sea. Once the capital of an ancient republic

University of Rome, coeducational, autonomous state institution of higher learning in Rome. Founded in 1303 by Pope Boniface VIII, the university, known as the studium urbis (“place of study of the city”), operated for a time alongside the studium curiae (“place of study of the [papal] court”),

Rome 1960 Olympic Games, athletic festival held in Rome that took place August 25–September 11, 1960. The Rome Games were the 14th occurrence of the modern Olympic Games. The 1960 Olympics were the first to be fully covered by television. Taped footage of the Games was flown to New York City at the

Moses Hess: …Jerusalem, die letzte Nationalitätsfrage (1862; Rome and Jerusalem: A Study in Jewish Nationalism), was ignored at the time of publication, but it influenced such later Zionist leaders as Aḥad Haʿam and Theodor Herzl. Among Hess’s many contentions in Rom und Jerusalem, the major one states that the Jews will always…

conflict of laws: The nature of conflicts law: …(1980), commonly known as the Rome Convention, which applied in the member states of the European Union (EU) and whose interpretation lay within the scope of the European Court of Justice upon reference from national courts. The EU possesses lawmaking powers that enable it to establish uniform rules of substantive…

Steno’s law: Romé de l’Isle, confirmed Steno’s findings and further noted that the angles are characteristic of the substance. A French crystallographer, René-Just Haüy, usually considered the father of crystallography, showed in 1774 that the known interfacial angles could be accounted for if the crystal were made…

Marc-Antoine Girard, sieur de Saint-Amant: His Rome ridicule (1649) started the fashion for burlesque poems that was to be developed later by Paul Scarron. Saint-Amant was a Protestant who converted in later life to Roman Catholicism. His biblical epic, Moïse sauvé (1653; “Moses Rescued”), though uneven, contains passages of great force…

Geneva Conventions: …Rwanda (1994) and by the Rome Statute (1998), which created an International Criminal Court.

Battle of Rome, (508 bce). The story of their forefathers’ fight against Etruscan tyrants was told by Romans over generations, but historians are divided over whether it actually took place. Yet the legend records one verifiable truth: Rome’s emergence as an independent state. The Etruscans are

papacy, the office and jurisdiction of the bishop of Rome, the pope (Latin papa, from Greek pappas, “father”), who presides over the Holy See (the central government) of the Roman Catholic Church. The term pope was originally applied to all the bishops in the West and also used to describe the

Nero: Artistic pretensions and irresponsibility: The great fire that ravaged Rome in 64 illustrates how low Nero’s reputation had sunk by this time. Taking advantage of the fire’s destruction, Nero had the city reconstructed in the Greek style and began building a prodigious palace—the Golden House—which, had it been finished, would…

March on Rome, the insurrection by which Benito Mussolini came to power in Italy in late October 1922. The March marked the beginning of fascist rule and meant the doom of the preceding parliamentary regimes of socialists and liberals. Widespread social discontent, aggravated by middle-class fear

Napoléon-François-Charles-Joseph Bonaparte, duke von Reichstadt , duke von Reichstadt was the only son of Emperor Napoleon I and Empress Marie-Louise; at birth he was styled king of Rome. Three years after his birth, the French empire to which he was heir collapsed, and he was taken by the empress

Open City, Italian Neorealist film, released in 1945, that portrayed life in Nazi-occupied Rome during World War II. Directed by Roberto Rossellini in a documentary style that was innovative for the time, the movie brought international attention to the Neorealist movement and became one of its

Sack of Rome, (24 August 410). "Rome, once the capital of the world, is now the grave of the Roman people," wrote Saint Jerome of a cataclysm that no one could have predicted. After several generations of Roman superiority and arrogance, the Visigothic "barbarian" mercenaries reminded their

Italy: The Investiture Controversy: …Italy and laid siege to Rome. Gregory turned for assistance to Robert Guiscard and the Normans, who drove Clement and Henry from Rome but also sacked the city (1084). Gregory went south with Guiscard and the Normans, where he died in Salerno in 1085.

Sack of Rome, an attack on the city of Rome on May 6, 1527, by the forces of the Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain, Charles V. Charles’s victory over the French at Pavia in 1525 had left his armies dominant in Italy. After ravaging the countryside, Charles’s forces stormed the city of Rome and

Siege of Rome, (30 April–1 July 1849). The defense of the short-lived Roman Republic made Giuseppe Garibaldi a hero of Italian nationalists. The republic was overthrown by French forces, and the pope restored to power. However, defeat in Rome only strengthened the long-term cause of Italian

Siege of Rome, siege mounted on Rome, then an outpost of the Byzantine Empire, by the kingdom of the Ostrogoths in 537–538. The desire of Emperor Justinian to restore the full extent of the Roman Empire led to a struggle for control of Italy between his Byzantine army, led by Belisarius, and the

Treaty of Rome, international agreement, signed in Rome on March 25, 1957, by Belgium, France, the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany), Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands, that established the European Economic Community (EEC), creating a common market and customs union among its

Treaty of Rome, international agreement, signed in Rome on March 25, 1957, by Belgium, France, the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany), Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands, that established the European Economic Community (EEC), creating a common market and customs union among its

University of Rome, coeducational, autonomous state institution of higher learning in Rome. Founded in 1303 by Pope Boniface VIII, the university, known as the studium urbis (“place of study of the city”), operated for a time alongside the studium curiae (“place of study of the [papal] court”),

Rome-Berlin Axis, Coalition formed in 1936 between Italy and Germany. An agreement formulated by Italy’s foreign minister Galeazzo Ciano informally linking the two fascist countries was reached on October 25, 1936. It was formalized by the Pact of Steel in 1939. The term Axis Powers came to include

The Diary of a Young Girl: Diary: compilation and publication: …work was given to historian Jan Romein, who was so impressed that he wrote about the diary in a front-page article for the newspaper Het Parool in 1946. The resulting attention led to a publishing deal with Contact, and Het Achterhuis was released on June 25, 1947. An immediate best…

Romny, city, northern Ukraine. The city lies along the Sula River. It was founded as a Rus fortress in the 11th century. It came under Lithuanian control in the mid-14th century and Polish rule in the early 17th. Later in that century it passed to the Cossack-controlled Hetmanate. It came under

Romeo, son of the Montagues who is the ardent, poetic protagonist in Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet. Romeo’s lovesick speech at Juliet’s balcony is a classic of love

Baz Luhrmann: He followed with Romeo + Juliet (1996), a modern reinterpretation of Shakespeare’s play, set in Miami Beach, Florida; it starred Leonardo DiCaprio and Claire Danes. Moulin Rouge! (2001) is a musical set in Paris at the turn of the 20th century. Together those three films became

Dame Alicia Markova: …as Juliet in Antony Tudor’s Romeo and Juliet (1943), and in Ruth Page’s Vilea (1953).

Romeo and Juliet, play by William Shakespeare, written about 1594–96 and first published in an unauthorized quarto in 1597. An authorized quarto appeared in 1599, substantially longer and more reliable. A third quarto, based on the second, was used by the editors of the First Folio of 1623. The

Romeo and Juliet, overture by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky that continues to be much loved as a concert piece. Further, its central love theme is frequently quoted today in romantic scenes for film and television. The work was premiered in Moscow on March 4 (March 16, New Style), 1870, and twice

Theda Bara: Among these films were Romeo and Juliet (1916), Under Two Flags (1916), Camille (1917), Madame Du Barry (1917), Cleopatra (1917), Salome (1918), and Kathleen Mavourneen (1919). By the end of World War I, her popularity had declined. After an unsuccessful

Romeo and Juliet, American film drama, released in 1968, that was an adaptation of William Shakespeare’s famous tragedy of the same name. Directed by Franco Zeffirelli, it is often lauded as the best take on the oft-filmed classic. Until this version of Shakespeare’s tragic romance, the actors who

Agnes de Mille: …arranged dances for the films Romeo and Juliet (1936) and Oklahoma! (1955), directed plays, and choreographed television programs.

Henning Kronstam: …Romeo in Frederick Ashton’s successful Romeo and Juliet (1955). This was a particular honour for the young dancer because it was the first full-length Romeo and Juliet to be produced outside of the Soviet Union. During his career, Kronstam performed some 130 roles, including all the great parts in the…

Julian Fellowes: …Victoria (2009); The Tourist (2010); Romeo and Juliet (2013); and The Chaperone (2018). He also published the novels Snobs (2004) and Past Imperfect (2008) and publicly acknowledged that he had written “bodice-ripping” romance novels under pseudonyms, notably Rebecca Greville and Alexander Merrant. His interactive narrative Belgravia (2016) is a serialized…

Romeo and Juliet, overture by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky that continues to be much loved as a concert piece. Further, its central love theme is frequently quoted today in romantic scenes for film and television. The work was premiered in Moscow on March 4 (March 16, New Style), 1870, and twice

Romeo and Juliet, Op. 64, ballet by Russian composer Sergey Prokofiev, completed in 1935 but first performed as a complete ballet in 1938. The composer also extracted from the ballet three orchestral suites and 10 piano pieces, which reached the public sooner. After the Russian Revolution of 1917,

Hector Berlioz: Mature career of Hector Berlioz: …Berlioz composed the choral symphony Roméo et Juliette, dedicated to Paganini.

Romeo and Juliet, overture by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky that continues to be much loved as a concert piece. Further, its central love theme is frequently quoted today in romantic scenes for film and television. The work was premiered in Moscow on March 4 (March 16, New Style), 1870, and twice

Romeo and Juliet, Op. 64, ballet by Russian composer Sergey Prokofiev, completed in 1935 but first performed as a complete ballet in 1938. The composer also extracted from the ballet three orchestral suites and 10 piano pieces, which reached the public sooner. After the Russian Revolution of 1917,

Alfa Romeo SpA: …was taken over by industrialist Nicola Romeo and became a limited partnership, which during World War I produced mainly industrial and military vehicles and engines.

Frankfurt am Main: The contemporary city: …famous old structures are the Römer (“the Roman”; formerly the site of the Holy Roman emperor’s coronation ceremonies and now Frankfurt’s city hall) and two other gabled houses on the Römerberg (the city square surrounding the Römer). Other historical landmarks include the 155-foot- (47-metre-) tall Eschenheimer Tower (1400–28); the red…

Römer, type of wineglass evolved in Germany, especially in the Rhineland, and the Netherlands over several centuries, reaching perfection in the 17th century. The shape of the Römer is a hemisphere superimposed on a cylinder, with a hollow foot built up by coiling threads of molten glass around a

Romer v. Evans, legal case in which the U.S. Supreme Court on May 20, 1996, voided (6–3) an amendment to the Colorado state constitution that prohibited laws protecting the rights of homosexuals. It was the first case in which the court declared that discrimination on the basis of sexual

Alfred Sherwood Romer was a U.S. paleontologist widely known for his concepts of evolutionary history of vertebrate animals. The explicit use of comparative anatomy and embryology in studies of fossil vertebrates underlies his major contributions to biology. Romer’s early life and schooling gave no

Ole Rømer was a Danish astronomer who demonstrated conclusively that light travels at a finite speed. Rømer went to Paris in 1672, where he spent nine years working at the Royal Observatory. The observatory’s director, Italian-born French astronomer Gian Domenico Cassini, was engaged with a problem

Ole Rømer was a Danish astronomer who demonstrated conclusively that light travels at a finite speed. Rømer went to Paris in 1672, where he spent nine years working at the Royal Observatory. The observatory’s director, Italian-born French astronomer Gian Domenico Cassini, was engaged with a problem

Ole Rømer was a Danish astronomer who demonstrated conclusively that light travels at a finite speed. Rømer went to Paris in 1672, where he spent nine years working at the Royal Observatory. The observatory’s director, Italian-born French astronomer Gian Domenico Cassini, was engaged with a problem

Ole Rømer was a Danish astronomer who demonstrated conclusively that light travels at a finite speed. Rømer went to Paris in 1672, where he spent nine years working at the Royal Observatory. The observatory’s director, Italian-born French astronomer Gian Domenico Cassini, was engaged with a problem

Ole Rømer was a Danish astronomer who demonstrated conclusively that light travels at a finite speed. Rømer went to Paris in 1672, where he spent nine years working at the Royal Observatory. The observatory’s director, Italian-born French astronomer Gian Domenico Cassini, was engaged with a problem

Paul Romer is an American economist who, with William Nordhaus, was awarded the 2018 Nobel Prize for Economics for his contributions to the understanding of long-term economic growth and its relation to technological innovation. Romer’s work shed light on the ways in which technological advances

Frankfurt am Main: The contemporary city: …other gabled houses on the Römerberg (the city square surrounding the Römer). Other historical landmarks include the 155-foot- (47-metre-) tall Eschenheimer Tower (1400–28); the red sandstone cathedral, which was dedicated to St. Bartholomew in 1239; and the Paulskirche, which was the meeting place of the first Frankfurt National Assembly.

Karl Barth: Years in Germany: …major work, Der Römerbrief (1919; The Epistle to the Romans), established his position as a notable theologian with a new and arresting message about the sheer Godness of God and the unlimited range of his grace. Barth’s style was vividly lit up by brilliant similes and turns of phrase and…

Raul Julia: In Romero (1989) he portrayed El Salvador’s assassinated Archbishop Óscar Romero, and in the made-for-TV film The Burning Season (1994) he starred as the martyred Brazilian labour leader and environmentalist Chico Mendes. Julia’s commanding presence, athleticism, and vitality were showcased in such stage productions as Betrayal

Romero family, family of Spanish guitarists prominent in the 20th-century revival of the classical guitar. They appeared individually as soloists, together in a quartet, and in other combinations. Celedonio (b. March 2, 1913, Cienfuegos, Cuba—May 8, 1996, San Diego, California, U.S.)studied at the

Spanish literature: Women poets: Marina Romero Serrano spent three decades in exile in the United States teaching Spanish and writing poetry, critical works, and children’s books. Nostalgia de mañana (1943; “Nostalgia for Tomorrow”) reflects her generation’s predilection for traditional metrics; her other works represent pure poetry and avoid the…

St. Óscar Romero ; beatified May 23, 2015; canonized October 14, 2018; feast day March 24) was a Salvadoran Roman Catholic archbishop who was a vocal critic of the violent activities of government armed forces, right-wing groups, and leftist guerrillas involved in El Salvador’s civil conflict.

Carlos Humberto Romero was a former general, elected president of El Salvador in 1977 and deposed in 1979. Romero, backed by ultraconservatives, won an election wracked by bloodshed and clouded by accusations of voting fraud. A staunch anticommunist, he defended the use of military force to ensure