Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji was an eccentric English composer known for his complex musical works combining free rhythms, elements of Asiatic melodic construction, and European polyphonic structures. Dudley was of Parsi, Sicilian, and Spanish descent and spent most of his life in England. As a young

Gyeongju, city, North Gyeongsang do (province), southeastern South Korea. It is 17 miles (28 km) inland from the coast of the East Sea (Sea of Japan) and 34 miles (55 km) east of the provincial capital, Daegu. It was the capital of the Silla kingdom (57 bce–935 ce), and its ancient name was

South Korea: Relief: …5,604 feet (1,708 meters) at Mount Seorak in the northeast, and the Sobaek Mountains reach 6,283 feet (1,915 meters) at Mount Jiri. The highest peak in South Korea, the extinct volcano Mount Halla on Jeju Island, is 6,398 feet (1,950 meters) above sea level.

Sorang, city, northern Qaraghandy oblysy (region), east-central Kazakhstan. It lies just southwest of Qaraghandy city, the regional capital. Sorang is a major centre of coal mining in the Qaraghandy coal basin. It was established in 1946 near the Saran coal deposit and became a city in 1954. The

Soranus, in Roman religion, the underworld deity worshiped on Mount Soracte in southern Etruria. As priests, the hirpi Sorani celebrated a rite in which they marched barefoot over burning coals. Soranus was identified with Dis, the Roman god of the underworld, or with Apollo, a Greek god adopted by

Soranus Of Ephesus, (near modern Selçuk, Turkey; fl. 2nd century ad, Alexandria and Rome), Greek gynecologist, obstetrician, and pediatrician, chief representative of the methodist school of medicine (emphasizing simple rules of practice, based on a theory that attributed all disease to an adverse

Georg Philipp Telemann: Life: …court orchestra) in Sorau (now Żary, Poland; 1705–08), then as concertmaster (first violinist) and later kapellmeister in Eisenach (1708–12). By playing, conducting, studying, and composing he gained the musical knowledge, practical experience, and facility in composing that were to be vital when he assumed the musical directorship of Frankfurt am…

Southeast Svalbard Nature Reservation, nature reserve established in 1973 by Norway. One of several protected areas in the Svalbard archipelago, it is bordered on the east by Olga Strait and on the west by Stor Fjord. With an area of 2,463 square miles (6,380 square km), the reserve encompasses the

Sorb, any member of a Slavic minority living in eastern Germany. The Sorbs are concentrated in the Spree River valley, in the area of Bautzen (Budyšin) and Cottbus. This area was part of the traditional region of Lusatia (q.v.), whose history is intimately bound up with the Sorbs. The Sorbs are

Sorb, any member of a Slavic minority living in eastern Germany. The Sorbs are concentrated in the Spree River valley, in the area of Bautzen (Budyšin) and Cottbus. This area was part of the traditional region of Lusatia (q.v.), whose history is intimately bound up with the Sorbs. The Sorbs are

oil spill: Oil-spill cleanup: …approach is to use various sorbents (e.g., straw, volcanic ash, and shavings of polyester-derived plastic) that absorb the oil from the water. Where appropriate, chemical surfactants and solvents may be spread over a slick in order to accelerate its natural dispersion into the sea. Onshore removal of oil that has…

sherbet: Water ice, called in French sorbet and in Italian granita, is similar to sherbet but contains no dairy ingredients.

Sorbian languages, closely related West Slavic languages or dialects; their small number of speakers in eastern Germany are the survivors of a more extensive medieval language group. The centre of the Upper Sorbian speech area is Bautzen, near the border with the Czech Republic, while Cottbus, near

carboxylic acid: Unsaturated aliphatic acids: Sorbic acid, CH3CH=CHCH=CHCOOH, which has two double bonds in conjugation (that is, two double bonds separated only by one single bond), and its potassium salt (potassium sorbate) are used as preservatives in many food products as well as in their packaging materials, since they inhibit…

carbohydrate: Chemical reactions: …carbon of d-glucose is called sorbitol (d-glucitol). d-Glucitol also is formed when l-sorbose is reduced. The reduction of mannose results in mannitol, that of galactose in dulcitol.

Robert de Sorbon was a French theologian, confessor to King Louis IX, and founder of the Sorbonne, a collegiate building that became identified with the University of Paris. Born into a poor rural family, Sorbon was educated in Reims and in Paris, where his piety and diligence drew the patronage of

Robert de Sorbon: …the king, he founded the Maison de Sorbonne, a theological college for poor students. The Sorbonne received official sanction from the pope in 1259 and rapidly grew into a major European centre of learning and the core of the University of Paris. Sorbon himself was chancellor of the university from…

fuero: …believed to be that of Sorbrarbe (late 11th or early 12th century), though some modern scholars treat it as suspect. The Navarrese fueros were modeled on those of Aragon.

mountain ash, (genus Sorbus), genus of several shrubs or trees in the rose family (Rosaceae), native to the Northern Hemisphere. Unrelated to true ashes (genus Fraxinus, family Oleaceae), mountain ashes are widely cultivated as ornamentals for their flower clusters and brightly coloured fruits.

mountain ash: Common species: …noteworthy mountain ashes are the American mountain ash (Sorbus americana), also called dogberry, and the European mountain ash (S. aucuparia), also called rowan-berry, or quickbeam. Both are handsome trees, the European growing to 18 metres (60 feet), twice the height of the American species, and yielding several cultivated varieties popular…

mountain ash: Common species: …also called dogberry, and the European mountain ash (S. aucuparia), also called rowan-berry, or quickbeam. Both are handsome trees, the European growing to 18 metres (60 feet), twice the height of the American species, and yielding several cultivated varieties popular in landscaping.

Henry Clifton Sorby was an English geologist whose microscopic studies of thin slices of rock earned him the title “father of microscopical petrography.” Sorby’s early investigations were concerned with agricultural chemistry, but his interests soon turned to geology. He published works dealing

Trois Frères: …and engraved, known as the Horned God, or the Sorcerer. It depicts a human with the features of several different animals, and it dominates the mass of animal figures from a height of 13 feet (4 meters) above the cave floor. Its significance is unknown, but it is usually interpreted…

William Friedkin: The thriller Sorcerer (1977)—which took years to complete because of the arduous and expensive on-location filming in the jungles of Central America—failed both critically and commercially. He rebounded slightly with the modest The Brink’s Job (1978), a caper starring Peter Falk, Peter Boyle, and Gena Rowlands. However,…

witchcraft: Sorcery: A sorcerer, magician, or “witch” attempts to influence the surrounding world through occult (i.e., hidden, as opposed to open and observable) means. In Western society until the 14th century, “witchcraft” had more in common with sorcery in other cultures—such as those of India or Africa—than it…

Paul Dukas: …dazzling, ingenious L’Apprenti sorcier (1897; The Sorcerer’s Apprentice).

Arthur Sullivan: The first of these, The Sorcerer (1877), was followed by H.M.S. Pinafore (1878), whose eventual success was phenomenal, and The Pirates of Penzance (1879, New York City; 1880, London).

sorcery, the practice of malevolent magic, derived from casting lots as a means of divining the future in the ancient Mediterranean world. Some scholars distinguish sorcery from witchcraft by noting that it is learned rather than intrinsic. Other scholars, noting that modern witches claim to learn

René Philombe: …about seemingly unjust marriage customs; Un Sorcier blanc à Zangali (1970; “A White Sorcerer in Zangali”), a novel about the effect of a missionary’s clash with the colonial administration in a small village; Choc anti-choc (1978), “a novel made of poems”; and Africapolis (1978), a tragedy. The latter two are…

Jules Michelet: Also thus distorted is La Sorcière (1862), an apology for witches considered as godforsaken souls, victims of the antinatural interdictions of the church.

fungus: Annotated classification: Order Sordariales Mainly saprotrophic in soil and dung; ascomata solitary and perithecial; includes species commonly used in genetics research; included in subclass Sordariomycetidae; examples of genera include Sordaria, Podospora, Neurospora, Lasiosphaeria, and Chaetomium. Order Xylariales Saprotrophic; inoperculate

Sordariomycetes, class of several thousand species of sac fungi in the phylum Ascomycota (kingdom Fungi). The fungi are characterized by a flask-shaped fruiting body (perithecium) that bears saclike structures (asci) and usually has a pore (ostiole) through which ascospores are discharged. Genera

Sordello was the most renowned Provençal troubadour of Italian birth, whose planh, or lament, on the death of his patron Blacatz (Blacas), in which he invites all Christian princes to feed on the heart of the hero so that they might absorb his virtues, is one of the masterpieces of Provençal

Sordello, poem by Robert Browning, published in 1840. The much-revised work is densely written, with multilayered meanings and many literary and historical allusions. On publication the work was considered obscure and was a critical failure. “Sordello” is a study in the psychology of genius and the

sordone, rare double-reed wind instrument of the 16th and 17th centuries, an early precursor of the bassoon. It differs from the curtal, the bassoon’s direct predecessor, in having a cylindrical bore (a bassoon bore is conical). The bore, cut into a single piece of wood, doubled in a narrow U-shape

ulcer, a lesion or sore on the skin or mucous membrane resulting from the gradual disintegration of surface epithelial tissue. An ulcer may be superficial, or it may extend into the deeper layer of the skin or other underlying tissue. An ulcer has a depressed floor or crater surrounded by sharply

sore mouth, viral disease of sheep and goats. The disease is characterized by the emergence of blisters, pustules, ulcers, and scabs on the lips especially but also on the face, the ears, and sometimes the legs. In severe cases, sores form inside the mouth. Sores may also appear on the teats of

sore throat, painful inflammation of the passage from the mouth to the pharynx or of the pharynx itself. A sore throat may be a symptom of influenza or of other respiratory infections, a result of irritation by foreign objects or fumes, or a reaction to certain drugs. Infections caused by a strain

Martin Agricola was a composer, teacher, and writer on music, one of the first musicians to concern himself with the needs of the Reformed churches and to publish musical treatises in the vernacular. Agricola was self-taught, called to music “from the plough,” as his chosen surname suggests. He

Suo Masayuki: …first film in a decade, Soredemo boku wa yattenai (I Just Didn’t Do It). Whereas Suo’s earlier films were comedies, Soredemo boku wa yattenai is the story of a young man who proclaims his innocence after being arrested and tried for having sexually molested a young girl on a train.…

fungus: Form and function of lichens: A soredium, consisting of one or several algal cells enveloped by threadlike fungal filaments, or hyphae, may develop into a thallus under suitable conditions. Lichens without soredia may propagate by fragmentation of their thalli. Many lichens develop small thalloid extensions, called isidia, that also may serve…

Sorel-Tracy, city, Montérégie region, southern Quebec province, Canada. It lies at the mouth of the Richelieu River, on the south bank of the St. Lawrence River. Fort-Richelieu (marked by a monument) was erected on the site in 1642. In 1672 a land grant was obtained by the fort commandant, Pierre

Agnès Sorel was the mistress (1444–50) of King Charles VII of France, sometimes known as “Dame de Beauté” from the estate at Beauté-sur-Marne, which he gave her. Born of a family of the lesser nobility at Fromenteau in Touraine, Sorel was attached at an early age to the service of Isabel of

Marcel Proust: Life and works: …Desjardins and by the historian Albert Sorel. Meanwhile, via the bourgeois salons of Madames Straus, Arman de Caillavet, Aubernon, and Madeleine Lemaire, he became an observant habitué of the most exclusive drawing rooms of the nobility.

Georges Sorel was a French Socialist and revolutionary syndicalist who developed an original and provocative theory on the positive, even creative, role of myth and violence in the historical process. Sorel was born of a middle-class family and trained as a civil engineer. Not until he reached age

Georges Sorel was a French Socialist and revolutionary syndicalist who developed an original and provocative theory on the positive, even creative, role of myth and violence in the historical process. Sorel was born of a middle-class family and trained as a civil engineer. Not until he reached age

Belle de jour: …with her husband (played by Jean Sorel). When she hears about a brothel that employs housewives to ply their skills in secret, she makes the ominous decision to fulfill her fantasies by serving as a prostitute. The film’s shocking denouement, involving an encounter between Séverine’s husband and a jealous customer,…

Julien Sorel, fictional character, the ambitious young protagonist of Stendhal’s novel Le Rouge et le noir (1830; The Red and the

Sorel-Tracy, city, Montérégie region, southern Quebec province, Canada. It lies at the mouth of the Richelieu River, on the south bank of the St. Lawrence River. Fort-Richelieu (marked by a monument) was erected on the site in 1642. In 1672 a land grant was obtained by the fort commandant, Pierre

Italian literature: The return to order: …and Sorelle Materassi (1934; The Sisters Materassi), reached the height of his storytelling powers. Meanwhile, the Florentine literary reviews Solaria, Frontespizio, and Letteratura, while having to tread carefully with the authorities, provided an outlet for new talent. Carlo Emilio Gadda had his first narrative work (

Shibu Soren is an Indian politician and government official who was a cofounder and then longtime president of the Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (JMM; Jharkhand Liberation Front). He also served three terms as the chief minister (head of government) of Jharkhand (2005; 2008–09; and 2009–10) state in

Sorenarwa Island, island, in Cenderawasih Bay, off the northwest coast of Papua province, Indonesia. It has an area of 936 square miles (2,424 square km) and an elevated central ridge that rises to 4,907 feet (1,496 metres). The chief settlement is Serui on the central southern

security and protection system: Development of security systems.: …organizations such as those of Philip Sorensen in Sweden and Allan Pinkerton in the United States had also begun to build efficient large-scale security services. Pinkerton’s organization offered intelligence, counterintelligence, internal security, investigative, and law enforcement services to private business and government. Until the advent of collective bargaining in the…

Rasmus Møller Sørensen was a teacher and politician who was a leading agitator for agrarian reform and for the establishment of representative government in Denmark. In the 1820s and 1830s Sørensen, serving as tutor on the estates of several progressive landowners, developed his ideas of peasant

pH: …used by the Danish biochemist S.P.L. Sørensen to represent the hydrogen ion concentration, expressed in equivalents per litre, of an aqueous solution: pH = −log[H+] (in expressions of this kind, enclosure of a chemical symbol within square brackets denotes that the concentration of the symbolized species is the quantity being…

Villy Sørensen was an influential writer of modernist short stories and a leading literary critic in Denmark after World War II. Sørensen’s first collection of short stories, Saere historier (Tiger in the Kitchen and Other Strange Stories), appeared in 1953; it was followed in 1955 by Ufarlige

Annika Sörenstam is a Swedish-born American golfer who was one of the most successful golfers in the history of the Ladies Professional Golf Association (LPGA). Sörenstam began playing golf at age 12, and she was a member of the Swedish national team from 1987 to 1992. She attended the University

marsupial mouse: …to the true shrews (Sorex). The Red Data Book lists the eastern jerboa marsupial, or kultarr (Antechinomys laniger), of Australia as endangered; several other marsupial mice are considered rare.

water shrew: The North American water shrew (S. palustris) is found throughout much of the western United States and Canada, from the plains to the mountains. It is the smallest and least specialized species of water shrew, weighing up to 18 grams, with a body 6 to 9…

Hedvig Charlotta Nordenflycht: …of which were published in Den sörjande turturduvan (1743; “The Mourning Turtledove”). Several of her poems in this volume usher in an uncompromising subjectivism previously unheard-of in Swedish literature. She settled in Stockholm and became a leading literary figure, publishing four volumes of poetry in the next six years. During…

Richard Sorge was a German press correspondent who headed a successful Soviet espionage ring in Tokyo during World War II. After service in the German Army during World War I, he earned a doctorate in political science at the University of Hamburg, Germany, joining the Communist Party of Germany in

Jo Nesbø: In Sorgenfri (2002; “Sorrow-Free”; Nemesis) Hole investigates a bank robbery and is implicated in the death of a former girlfriend. A serial killer is at work in Marekors (2003; “Pentagram”; The Devil’s Star), this time in Oslo. Hole tracks a contract killer in Frelseren (2005; “Saviour”; The Redeemer) and…

Indian grass: …is a close relative of slender Indian grass (Sorghastrum elliottii) and lopsided Indian grass (S. secundum).

Indian grass, (Sorghastrum nutans), perennial grass of the family Poaceae, one of the important constituents of the North American tallgrass prairie. Indian grass is sometimes planted as an ornamental border grass and is a good forage plant for livestock. It is a close relative of slender Indian

Indian grass: …Indian grass (Sorghastrum elliottii) and lopsided Indian grass (S. secundum).

sorghum, (Sorghum bicolor), cereal grain plant of the grass family (Poaceae) and its edible starchy seeds. The plant likely originated in Africa, where it is a major food crop, and has numerous varieties, including grain sorghums, used for food; grass sorghums, grown for hay and fodder; and

alcohol consumption: Among Classical peoples: …and wines, the best-known being sorghum beer and palm wines. Most of the peoples of Oceania, on the other hand, seem to have missed the discovery of fermentation. Many of the pre-Columbian Indians of North America were also exceptional in lacking alcoholic beverages until they were introduced by Europeans, with…

sorghum, (Sorghum bicolor), cereal grain plant of the grass family (Poaceae) and its edible starchy seeds. The plant likely originated in Africa, where it is a major food crop, and has numerous varieties, including grain sorghums, used for food; grass sorghums, grown for hay and fodder; and

origins of agriculture: Sorghum: Chinese ambercane was brought from France to the United States in 1854 and was distributed to farmers. While the cane provided good forage for livestock, promoters of the new crop were most interested in refining sugar from the sorghum molasses, a goal that persisted for many…

feed: Hay: …grasses (such as timothy and Sudan grass) are lower in protein and vary considerably depending on their stage of maturity and the amount of nitrogen fertilization applied to them. Stored hay is fed to animals when sufficient fresh pasture grass is not available.

sorghum, (Sorghum bicolor), cereal grain plant of the grass family (Poaceae) and its edible starchy seeds. The plant likely originated in Africa, where it is a major food crop, and has numerous varieties, including grain sorghums, used for food; grass sorghums, grown for hay and fodder; and

Hokusai was a Japanese master artist and printmaker of the ukiyo-e (“pictures of the floating world”) school. His early works represent the full spectrum of ukiyo-e art, including single-sheet prints of landscapes and actors, hand paintings, and surimono (“printed things”), such as greetings and

sorus, in botany, brownish or yellowish cluster of spore-producing structures (sporangia) usually located on the lower surface of fern leaves. A sorus may be protected during development by a scale or flap of tissue called an indusium. In rust and smut fungi, a sorus is a spore mass produced on the

Soria, provincia (province) in the comunidad autónoma (autonomous community) of Castile-León, north-central Spain. It was formed from part of the historic region of Old Castile in 1833. The terrain is varied: to the north are the Moncayo and Urbión mountain ranges; in the centre, around Soria city,

Soria, town, capital of Soria provincia (province), in Castile-León comunidad autónoma (autonomous community), north-central Spain. It lies on the western bank of the Duero River about 140 miles (225 km) northeast of Madrid. Restored by Alfonso I (the Warrior) of Aragon after the Moorish invasion,

Chicago Cubs: …third baseman Aramis Ramírez, outfielder Alfonso Soriano, catcher Geovany Soto (who won Rookie of the Year honours in 2008), and pitchers Ryan Dempster, Carlos Zambrano, and Ted Lilly, in 2007 and 2008 the Cubs won consecutive NL Central Division titles—the first time in 100 years that the team qualified for…

shrew, (family Soricidae), any of more than 350 species of insectivores having a mobile snout that is covered with long sensitive whiskers and overhangs the lower lip. Their large incisor teeth are used like forceps to grab prey; the upper pair is hooked, and the lower pair extends forward. Shrews

shrew, (family Soricidae), any of more than 350 species of insectivores having a mobile snout that is covered with long sensitive whiskers and overhangs the lower lip. Their large incisor teeth are used like forceps to grab prey; the upper pair is hooked, and the lower pair extends forward. Shrews

insectivore: Classification: Order Soricimorpha More than 400 species in 4 families. 9 fossil families contain 30 genera, some dating to the Late Cretaceous. Moles (family Talpidae) are sometimes classified with hedgehogs in Erinaceomorpha. Family Soricidae (true shrews) 341 or more species in 23 genera and 60 extinct genera…

North Sumatra: … (6,870 feet [2,094 metres]), and Mount Sorikmarapi (7,037 feet [2,145 metres]). Near the centre of the plateau, at an elevation of 2,985 feet (910 metres), is Lake Toba, the remnant of an ancient and massive volcanic eruption. At the lake’s centre is Samosir Island, 27 miles (44 km) long and…

Cho Sok-chin was a noted painter of the late Chosŏn dynasty (1392–1910) whose paintings were nostalgic re-creations of the decadent traditional Confucian style of China and Korea. Born into a family of court painters, Cho was early sent to China to study with the old masters. On his return, he

Edward Frederick Sorin was a Roman Catholic priest and educator, founder and first president of the University of Notre Dame. Sorin was ordained a priest in 1838, and two years later he joined the Congregation of Holy Cross, a group of priests and brothers organized at Le Mans, Fr. Sorin and six

sorites, in syllogistic, or traditional, logic, a chain of successive syllogisms—or units of argument that pass from two premises (a major and then a minor) to a conclusion—in the first figure (i.e., with the middle, or repeated, term as the subject of the major and the predicate of the minor

sorites problem, Paradox presented by the following reasoning: One grain of sand does not constitute a heap; if n grains of sand do not constitute a heap, then neither do n + 1 grains of sand; therefore, no matter how many grains of sand are put together, they never constitute a heap. The problem

Hedvig Charlotta Nordenflycht: …of which were published in Den sörjande turturduvan (1743; “The Mourning Turtledove”). Several of her poems in this volume usher in an uncompromising subjectivism previously unheard-of in Swedish literature. She settled in Stockholm and became a leading literary figure, publishing four volumes of poetry in the next six years. During…

Marāgheh: …the town; the earliest, the Sorkh Tomb (1147), is one of the finest examples of brickwork in Iran. West of the town are traces of an observatory (1259). The local building stone, known as Marāgheh marble, is of mainly yellow, pink, greenish, or milk-white colour, streaked with red and green…

Aaron Sorkin is an American writer, producer, and director who brought an astute intelligence and sharp dialogue to films, television series, and plays that were often set within the combative backstage world of politics, law, or entertainment. Sorkin grew up in suburban New York City and, as a

Aaron Sorkin is an American writer, producer, and director who brought an astute intelligence and sharp dialogue to films, television series, and plays that were often set within the combative backstage world of politics, law, or entertainment. Sorkin grew up in suburban New York City and, as a

Zip2: …by a more experienced businessman, Richard Sorkin, but remained executive vice president and chief technology officer.

Niger: Settlement patterns: …the Niger the Buduma and Sorko peoples are fishermen. Sedentary peoples live in dwellings that vary from those made of straw to those made of banco (hardened mud), although the Wogo people live in tents of delicate matting.

Sørlandet, geographic region, southern Norway. Its base runs along the southern coast of the country, and it extends inland to the Bykle Hills. Like most of Norway, Sørlandet has a strip of lowland along its coast that quickly rises into interior mountains and plateaus. These highlands are cut by

African popular music: Released in 1987, Soro became a benchmark for modern African music by showcasing the singer’s powerful voice with sophisticated arrangements of synthesizers and drum machines alongside acoustic instruments and female vocal choruses. For Keita, the record led to a worldwide contract with Island Records. For producer Sylla, it…

Sorø, city, western Zealand, Denmark. It is the home of Sorø Academy, a well-known Danish boarding school, resembling an English public (i.e., “private”) school. The academy was founded by Frederick II in 1586 in a former Cistercian abbey (dating from the 12th century). Its alumni include many

Sorø: It is the home of Sorø Academy, a well-known Danish boarding school, resembling an English public (i.e., “private”) school. The academy was founded by Frederick II in 1586 in a former Cistercian abbey (dating from the 12th century). Its alumni include many Danish kings and princes. The magnificent abbey church,…

Laurent Gbagbo: Presidency and civil war: …Gbagbo and rebel forces commander Guillaume Soro. A transitional government was formed with Gbagbo as president and Soro as prime minister. The UN ceased patrolling the buffer zone, and the process of disarming the militias loyal to both sides began.

East Asian mathematics: The elaboration of Chinese methods: …Japanese the use of the soroban, an improvement of the Chinese abacus, and introduced some Chinese knowledge. Its many editions contributed to popularizing mathematics because most of the works on mathematics in Japan were written in Chinese and could not be widely read. In its enlarged edition of 1641, Jingoki…

Sorocaba, city, east-central São Paulo estado (state), southeastern Brazil. It lies along the Sorocaba River, a tributary of the Tietê River, at 1,804 feet (550 metres) above sea level. Given town status in 1661 and made the seat of a municipality in 1842, Sorocaba is now one of the country’s major

Modest Mussorgsky: Life and career: …his opera Sorochinskaya yarmarka (unfinished; Sorochintsy Fair), inspired by Gogol’s tale. As the accompanist of an aging singer, Darya Leonova, Mussorgsky departed on a lengthy concert tour of southern Russia and the Crimean Peninsula. On his return he tried teaching at a small school of music in St. Petersburg.

Modest Mussorgsky: Life and career: …his opera Sorochinskaya yarmarka (unfinished; Sorochintsy Fair), inspired by Gogol’s tale. As the accompanist of an aging singer, Darya Leonova, Mussorgsky departed on a lengthy concert tour of southern Russia and the Crimean Peninsula. On his return he tried teaching at a small school of music in St. Petersburg.

Pitirim Alexandrovitch Sorokin was a Russian-American sociologist who founded the department of sociology at Harvard University in 1930. In the history of sociological theory, he is important for distinguishing two kinds of sociocultural systems: “sensate” (empirical, dependent on and encouraging