arch: …supports is known as the spring, or springing line. During construction of an arch, the voussoirs require support from below until the keystone has been set in place; this support usually takes the form of temporary wooden centring. The curve in an arch may be semicircular, segmental (consisting of less…

Spring and All, volume of poems and prose pieces by William Carlos Williams, published in 1923 in Paris in an edition of 300 copies. It contains Williams’s attempts to articulate his beliefs about the role and form of art in a modern context. Included are some of Williams’s best-known poems. The

Kao-hsiung: …King Ning-ching (Ningjing), and the Ch’un-ch’iu (Chunqiu; Spring and Autumn) Pagodas are major tourist attractions. Feng-shan (Fengshan), administrative seat of the former county, is linked by railway to Chi-lung (Jilong, or Keelung) in northeastern Taiwan. The National Sun Yat-sen University was founded in 1980 at Kao-hsiung.

Spring and Autumn period, (770–476 bce), in Chinese history, the period during the Zhou dynasty (1046–256 bce)—specifically the first portion of the Dong (Eastern) Zhou—when many vassal states fought and competed for supremacy. It was named for the title of a Confucian book of chronicles, Chunqiu,

Spring and Fall, poem by Gerard Manley Hopkins, written in 1880 and published posthumously in 1918 in Poems of Gerard Manley Hopkins. The poet likens a little girl’s sorrow at the waning of summer to the larger, tragic nature of human life. Set in rhymed couplets, the melancholy poem is a notable

Spring and Fall, poem by Gerard Manley Hopkins, written in 1880 and published posthumously in 1918 in Poems of Gerard Manley Hopkins. The poet likens a little girl’s sorrow at the waning of summer to the larger, tragic nature of human life. Set in rhymed couplets, the melancholy poem is a notable

Bill T. Jones: …his work in the musical Spring Awakening. Based on Frühlings Erwachen (1891), a tragedy by German dramatist Frank Wedekind, the musical dealt with adolescent sexual awakening and the damage that can be caused by a repressive and hypocritical society. Jones later cowrote the book for, choreographed, and directed the musical…

Frank Wedekind: …his tragedy Frühlings Erwachen (The Awakening of Spring, also published as Spring Awakening) created a scandal. Successfully produced by Max Reinhardt in 1905, the play is a series of brief scenes, some poetic and tender, others harsh and frank, dealing with the awakening of sexuality in three adolescents. In…

spring balance, weighing device that utilizes the relation between the applied load and the deformation of a spring. This relationship is usually linear; i.e., if the load is doubled, the deformation is doubled. In the circular balance shown in the figure, the upper ends of the helical springs are

spring beauty, (species Claytonia virginica), small, succulent, spring-flowering perennial plant of the purslane family (Portulacaceae), native to eastern North America and often planted in moist shady areas of rock gardens. It grows to 30 cm (12 inches) from a globose corm and produces narrow

click beetle, (family Elateridae), any of approximately 7,000 species of beetles (insect order Coleoptera) named for the clicking noise made when seized by a predator. Most click beetles range between 2.5 and 18 mm (less than 0.75 inch) in length and are brown or black in colour with either little

Selena Gomez: …in Florida in the lurid Spring Breakers (2012). She then portrayed the girlfriend of a college student who is killed in a shooting on campus in the drama Rudderless (2014) and a sorority sister in Neighbors 2: Sorority Rising (2016). Gomez also voiced a character in the animated Hotel Transylvania…

caliper: …nut and are known as spring calipers, while those on the left are an illustration of firm-joint calipers, which are held in place by friction at the joint. Outside calipers measure thicknesses and outside diameters of objects; inside calipers measure hole diameters and distances between surfaces. To check the dimensions…

measuring worm: The spring cankerworm (species Paleacrita vernata) and the fall cankerworm (Alsophila pometaria) attack fruit and shade trees, skeletonizing the leaves and spinning threads between the branches. Pupation usually occurs in the soil without a cocoon. Because of their distinctive larvae, the name measuring worm moth is…

conjunctivitis: Vernal conjunctivitis is an allergic inflammation that tends to recur in the conjunctivas of susceptible (usually male) children. There are two types of vernal conjunctivitis. In one, the lining of the upper eyelid is affected, with a characteristic red pebbled appearance. In the second type,…

bracket clock, English spring-driven pendulum clock, more properly known as a table clock or spring clock. The earliest of these clocks, made for a period after 1658, were of architectural design, sometimes with pillars at the sides and a pediment on top; in later versions the pillars were omitted,

mechanics: Simple harmonic oscillations: …from equilibrium (Figure 2B), the springs exert a force F proportional to x, such thatwhere k is a constant that depends on the stiffness of the springs. Equation (10) is called Hooke’s law, and the force is called the spring force. If x is positive (displacement to the

vernal equinox, two moments in the year when the Sun is exactly above the Equator and day and night are of equal length; also, either of the two points in the sky where the ecliptic (the Sun’s annual pathway) and the celestial equator intersect. In the Northern Hemisphere the vernal equinox falls

Meret Oppenheim: …of close friends in Bern: Spring Feast (“Frühlingsfest”), an elaborate banquet that Oppenheim served (without silverware) on the body of a nude woman laid out on a long table. Breton asked her to reproduce the piece for the Exposition inteRnatiOnale du Surréalisme (EROS) in Paris (1959–60). Though she did participate,…

Lunar New Year, festival typically celebrated in China and other Asian countries that begins with the first new moon of the lunar calendar and ends on the first full moon of the lunar calendar, 15 days later. The lunar calendar is based on the cycles of the moon, so the dates of the holiday vary

mechanics: Simple harmonic oscillations: …the force is called the spring force. If x is positive (displacement to the right), the resulting force is negative (to the left), and vice versa. In other words, the spring force always acts so as to restore mass back toward its equilibrium position. Moreover, the force will produce an…

Torrents of Spring, novella by Ivan Turgenev, published in Russian as Veshniye vody in 1872. The book has also been translated as Spring Torrents and Spring Freshets. Cast as a reminiscence, the work concerns the reflections of the middle-aged and world-weary Sanin on his youthful romance with

gravity: Relative measurements: Spring gravimeters balance the force of gravity on a mass in the gravity field to be measured against the elastic force of the spring. Either the extension of the spring is measured, or a servo system restores it to a constant amount. High sensitivity is…

gravity: Relative measurements: Spring gravimeters balance the force of gravity on a mass in the gravity field to be measured against the elastic force of the spring. Either the extension of the spring is measured, or a servo system restores it to a constant amount. High sensitivity is…

Spring Green, village, Sauk county, south-central Wisconsin, U.S. The village lies near the Wisconsin River, about 35 miles (55 km) west of Madison. It was laid out in 1843 and named for the way the south-facing hills turned green early in spring. It was a shipping point for livestock and wheat and

spring hare, (Pedetes capensis), a bipedal grazing rodent indigenous to Africa. About the size of a rabbit, the spring hare more closely resembles a giant jerboa in having a short round head, a thick muscular neck, very large eyes, and long, narrow upright ears. Like jerboas, it has short forelegs

Claude McKay: …of two volumes of poetry, Spring in New Hampshire (1920) and Harlem Shadows (1922), McKay emerged as the first and most militant voice of the Harlem Renaissance.

lamb: …sold as baby lamb, and spring lamb is from sheep of age five to six months.

Las Vegas: City site: …eastward from the picturesque, pine-clad Spring Mountains, whose highest point, Charleston Peak, rises above 11,910 feet (3,630 metres). To the north lie three lower ranges, the Pintwater, Spotted, and Desert mountains, and to the east are the McCullough and Sheep ranges. A wide pass between those two ranges leads to…

Spring of Khosrow Carpet, ancient Persian carpet, possibly the most costly and magnificent of all time, made for the Ctesiphon palace of the Sāsānian king Khosrow I (reigned ad 531–579). Described in the historical annals of the Muslim scholar al-Ṭabari, it became the model for subsequent garden

Battle of Belleau Wood: …boosted morale amid the German’s Spring Offensive. The struggle for Belleau Wood announced to the Germans that the U.S. armed forces had arrived on the Western Front in strength and were eager to fight. It was a tough baptism of fire for the Americans but persistence and resolution secured them…

green onion, young onions (family Amaryllidaceae) harvested when their tops are green and the underdeveloped bulbs are 13 mm (0.5 inch) or less in diameter. Many commercial green onions are immature plants of the common onion (Allium cepa), but the Chinese onion (A. chinense) and the Welsh onion

spring peeper, (species Pseudacris crucifer), small tree frog (family Hylidae) found in woodland areas in the eastern United States and Canada. Outside of the breeding season, when it may be found in ephemeral woodland ponds, it is seldom seen. The spring peeper, with its high, whistling call, is

pin fastener: The spring pin is a split tube with a slightly larger diameter than the hole into which it is placed. The pin is compressed when driven into the hole and exerts a spring pressure against the wall of the hole to create a frictional locking grip.…

automobile: Suspension: …and deflection known as the spring rate, defined as the load in pounds divided by the deflection of the spring in inches. A soft spring has a low rate and deflects a greater distance under a given load. A coil or a leaf spring retains a substantially constant rate within…

dim sum: …the ubiquitous egg roll or spring roll, a deep-fried dumpling containing minced meat and vegetables or, often, vegetables alone. Steamed dishes are traditionally served in bamboo baskets. Alongside these dumplings and rolls are served small dishes such as pork spareribs and chicken feet.

windmill: …Meikle, a Scot, invented his spring sail, substituting hinged shutters, like those of a Venetian blind, for sailcloths and controlling them by a connecting bar and a spring on each sail. Each spring had to be adjusted individually with the mill at rest according to the power required; the sails…

chinook salmon, (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) prized North Pacific food and sport fish of the family Salmonidae. It weighs up to 60 kg (130 pounds) and is silvery with round black spots. Spawning runs occur in spring, adults swimming as far as 3,200 km (2,000 miles) up the Yukon. Young chinook salmon

valley: Sapping: A variation of this process, spring sapping, occurs where groundwater outflow undermines slopes and, where appropriately concentrated, contributes to the development of valleys. The action of groundwater in sapping may be concentrated at valley heads, leading to headward growth. Both enhanced weathering and direct erosion by the concentrated fluid flow…

Japanese music: Traditional styles: …koto, Haru no umi (“Spring Sea”), has proved Baroque-like in its performance practice, for it is often heard played by the violin, with koto or piano accompaniment. Its style equals that of the French composer Claude Debussy in his most “orientale” moments. The Japanese traditionalist’s view of Western music…

The Sea of Fertility: …four parts—Haru no yuki (Spring Snow), Homma (Runaway Horses), Akatsuki no tera (The Temple of Dawn), and Tennin gosui (The Decay of the Angel)—is set in Japan, and together they cover the period from roughly 1912 to the 1960s. Each of them depicts a different reincarnation of the same…

snowflake: Several species, including spring snowflake (Leucojum vernum) and summer snowflake (L. aestivum), are cultivated as garden flowers. The plants are closely related to snowdrops (genus Galanthus) and typically emerge from bulbs in early spring.

Symphony No. 1 in B-flat Major, Op. 38, symphony by German composer Robert Schumann that premiered on March 31, 1841, in Leipzig and was conducted by Schumann’s friend Felix Mendelssohn. It is an intensely optimistic work and is the most frequently performed of Schumann’s four symphonies.

cantata: …Benjamin Britten gave the title Spring Symphony (1949) to a work that is actually a cantata.

spring tide, tide of maximal range, near the time of new and full moon when the Sun and Moon are in syzygy—i.e., aligned with the Earth. Conjunction is the time during new moon when the Sun and Moon lie on the same side of the Earth. The other syzygy condition, opposition, occurs during full moon

Torrents of Spring, novella by Ivan Turgenev, published in Russian as Veshniye vody in 1872. The book has also been translated as Spring Torrents and Spring Freshets. Cast as a reminiscence, the work concerns the reflections of the middle-aged and world-weary Sanin on his youthful romance with

Mesa: The Chicago Cubs have their spring training camp there. In 2007 commercial air service began at the Phoenix-Mesa Gateway Airport (previously known as the Williams Gateway Airport)—on the site of the former Williams Air Force Base—providing the Phoenix area with its second commercial airport. Inc. town, 1883; city, 1930. Pop.…

spring wagon, four-wheeled vehicle drawn by draft animals (most often horses), having a square box and between two and four movable seat boards. It was a general-purpose wagon used for the transportation of either goods or passengers, and in 19th century America it enjoyed wide popularity with

agricultural technology: Dryland farming: …the most favoured crop, although spring wheat is planted in some areas where severe winter killing may occur. (Grain sorghum is another crop grown in these areas.) Where some summer rainfall occurs, dry beans are an important crop. All dryland crop yield is mainly dependent on precipitation, but practices of…

North America: Cool temperate, humid regions: The Spring Wheat Belt—in the Dakotas, Montana, Minnesota, the Canadian Prairie Provinces, and part of the Columbia basin—has a severe winter that forces postponement of sowing to spring. Then the warmth and wetness of the sudden northward surge of tropical gulf air quickly bring on the…

Morris Graves: …Before he left he painted Spring with Machine-Age Noises—No. 3 (1957), a visual cacophony that seems to sweep over a stretch of grass.

angiosperm: Secondary vascular system: …difference in density between the early wood (spring wood) and the late wood (summer wood); early wood is less dense because the cells are larger and their walls are thinner. Although the transition of early wood to late wood within a growth ring may be obscure, that demarcation between the…

Labour Party: History: …1992, under the leadership of Dick Spring, the party enjoyed its greatest success in 70 years, winning nearly 20 percent of the vote and 33 seats in the Dáil in general elections that year. A majority coalition with the Fianna Fáil party collapsed after two years in 1994, and the…

Howard Spring was a Welsh-born British novelist whose chief strength lies in his understanding of provincial life and ambition. Most of his books trace the rise of a character from poverty to affluence, often melodramatically. The son of a gardener, Spring left school at the age of 11 but continued

accelerometer: The former type, called a spring-mass accelerometer, incorporates a mass suspended by four precisely designed and matched springs; movement of the mass is restrained by a damper. The accelerometer housing is solidly attached to the moving object.

harrow: Spring-tooth harrows (developed in the 1860s) have curved, springy teeth designed for use in rough, stony ground and around roots. Knife-tooth harrows, with twisted blades spaced several inches apart, are driven in a rotary motion by a small gasoline motor. They are used chiefly by…

cultivator: Spring-tooth weeders have light spring teeth that flick out shallow-rooted weeds without injuring growing plants and can therefore be operated directly over planted rows in an early stage, ridding the field of many weeds as they emerge. Rod weeders are used for weed control in…

Lynn Seymour was a Canadian prima ballerina known for her performances with the Royal Ballet, London, from the late 1950s through the ’70s. As a teenager, Seymour went to England (1954), where she enrolled at the Sadler’s Wells School. She danced with the Covent Garden Opera Ballet (1956) before

Aileen Riggin: The Girl in the Pool: …in the first women’s Olympic springboard diving event, competing on the first U.S. women’s swimming and diving team. Riggin accomplished more than simply diving well—the water events, held in a canal filled with deep, bitterly cold black water, tested the performers’ ability to weather the elements as well as their…

springbok, (Antidorcas marsupialis), graceful, strikingly marked antelope of the gazelle tribe, Antilopini (family Bovidae, order Artiodactyla). The springbok is native to the open, treeless plains of southern Africa. It once roamed in enormous herds but is now much reduced in numbers. It is the

Springbok Flats, extensive plain in South Africa, extending northeast from Pretoria in Gauteng province for about 100 miles (160 km) to the town of Zebediela in Limpopo province. The name indicates an abundance of springboks, but now little game remains except in preserves. The whole plain, with an

Danie Craven: …national team (known as the Springboks), and he served in that capacity for several years. In 1956 he became president of the South African Rugby Board (SARB), a position he held until his death in 1993. In 1959 he was elevated to chairman of the International Rugby Football Board (IRB).

Springbok Flats, extensive plain in South Africa, extending northeast from Pretoria in Gauteng province for about 100 miles (160 km) to the town of Zebediela in Limpopo province. The name indicates an abundance of springboks, but now little game remains except in preserves. The whole plain, with an

springbok, (Antidorcas marsupialis), graceful, strikingly marked antelope of the gazelle tribe, Antilopini (family Bovidae, order Artiodactyla). The springbok is native to the open, treeless plains of southern Africa. It once roamed in enormous herds but is now much reduced in numbers. It is the

springer spaniel, either of two ancient breeds of sporting dogs used to flush game from cover and to retrieve it. The English springer spaniel is a medium-sized, compact dog standing 19 to 20 inches (48 to 51 cm) and weighing 40 to 50 pounds (18 to 23 kg). Its glossy coat is flat or wavy and

springer spaniel: The English springer spaniel is a medium-sized, compact dog standing 19 to 20 inches (48 to 51 cm) and weighing 40 to 50 pounds (18 to 23 kg). Its glossy coat is flat or wavy and usually black and white or liver-coloured and white. The English…

springer spaniel: The Welsh springer spaniel, known since at least the 14th century, is somewhat smaller than the English; its flat coat is always red-brown and white, with feathering on the chest, legs, and belly. It stands 17 to 19 inches (43 to 48 cm). It is noted…

Noah H. Swayne: …in federal judicial review, and Springer v. United States (1881), which upheld the constitutionality of a federal income tax imposed during the Civil War.

Axel Springer was a German publisher who founded Axel Springer Verlag AG, one of the largest publishing concerns in Europe. Springer was the son of a printer and publisher. After limited schooling, he worked as an apprentice in various printing and publishing concerns. He received his journalism

Axel Springer was a German publisher who founded Axel Springer Verlag AG, one of the largest publishing concerns in Europe. Springer was the son of a printer and publisher. After limited schooling, he worked as an apprentice in various printing and publishing concerns. He received his journalism

Jerry Springer was a British-born American television host and politician, best known for The Jerry Springer Show, a daytime talk show featuring controversial topics and outrageous guest behaviour. Springer’s family immigrated to the United States when he was five years old, taking up residence in

Jerry Springer was a British-born American television host and politician, best known for The Jerry Springer Show, a daytime talk show featuring controversial topics and outrageous guest behaviour. Springer’s family immigrated to the United States when he was five years old, taking up residence in

Springfield, city, Lane county, western Oregon, U.S., on the Willamette River at its confluence with the McKenzie River, adjacent to Eugene. Once the territory of Kalapuya Indians, the area was settled in 1848 by Elias and Mary Briggs and named for the spring near their home site. It is an

Springfield, city, seat (1821) of Sangamon county and capital of Illinois, U.S. Lying along the Sangamon River in the central part of the state, Springfield is situated about 100 miles (160 km) northeast of St. Louis, Missouri, and some 185 miles (300 km) southwest of Chicago. Settlement of the

Springfield, city, seat (1812) of Hampden county, southwestern Massachusetts, U.S., on the Connecticut River. It forms a contiguous urban area with Agawam and West Springfield (west), Chicopee and Holyoke (north), Ludlow (northeast), Wilbraham and Hampden (east), and East Longmeadow (south).

Springfield, city, seat (1833) of Greene county, southwestern Missouri, U.S., near the James River, at the northern edge of the Ozark Highlands, north of the Table Rock Lake area. Settled in 1829, its growth was slow until the period of heavy westward migration, when pioneers were attracted by its

Springfield, city, seat (1818) of Clark county, west-central Ohio, U.S., on Buck Creek and Mad River, 25 miles (40 km) northeast of Dayton. The original settlement by James Demint and migrant Kentuckians in 1799 was on the site of the village of Old Piqua (birthplace of Tecumseh, the Shawnee

Springfield rifle: …ammunition, entered history as the Springfield .30-06, one of the most reliable and accurate military firearms in history. The Springfield served as the principal U.S. infantry weapon until 1936, when it was replaced by the Garand (M1) rifle of World War II—also designed at the Springfield Armory. When the Springfield…

Springfield Armory, Weapons factory established at Springfield, Mass., by the U.S. Congress in 1794. It grew out of an arsenal established in Springfield by the Revolutionary government in 1777, the site being chosen partly for its inaccessibility to British forces. The armoury pioneered

basketball: …Association (YMCA) Training School (now Springfield College), Springfield, Massachusetts, where Naismith was an instructor in physical education.

Nancy Lieberman: …league, in 1986 with the Springfield Fame in the United States Basketball League (USBL). In 1988 Lieberman was chosen by the Washington Generals to play against the Harlem Globetrotters, making her the first woman to participate in a Globetrotters world tour. Approaching the age of 40 but still a talented…

Springfield Race Riot, (August 1908), in U.S. history, brutal two-day assault by several thousand white citizens on the Black community of Springfield, Illinois. Triggered by the transfer of a Black prisoner charged with rape (an accusation later withdrawn), the riot was symptomatic of fears of

Springfield rifle, any of several rifles that were standard infantry weapons of the U.S. Army most of the time from 1873 to 1936, all taking their name from the Springfield Armory, established at Springfield, Mass., by the U.S. Congress in 1794. The armoury had produced smoothbore muskets from its

Millburn: During the American Revolution the Battle of Springfield (June 23, 1780) took place in the vicinity, and there was fighting around the present town hall.

Dusty Springfield was a British vocalist who made her mark as a female hit maker and icon during the 1960s beat boom that resulted in the British Invasion. Mary O’Brien, the daughter of a tax consultant, grew up in prosperous Hampstead in North London. In 1958 she became the third member of a

spring hare, (Pedetes capensis), a bipedal grazing rodent indigenous to Africa. About the size of a rabbit, the spring hare more closely resembles a giant jerboa in having a short round head, a thick muscular neck, very large eyes, and long, narrow upright ears. Like jerboas, it has short forelegs

spring hare, (Pedetes capensis), a bipedal grazing rodent indigenous to Africa. About the size of a rabbit, the spring hare more closely resembles a giant jerboa in having a short round head, a thick muscular neck, very large eyes, and long, narrow upright ears. Like jerboas, it has short forelegs

Springhill, town, Cumberland county, northern Nova Scotia, Canada. It lies 22 miles (35 km) southeast of Amherst and is situated on a hill 700 feet (210 metres) high, which was once the source of numerous springs—whence its name. Coal, discovered in the vicinity in 1834 and mined commercially since

ship: Structural integrity: …significant stress is known as springing. The cause of springing is resonance between the frequency of wave encounter and a natural vibratory frequency of the hull. Slamming and the consequent whipping can be avoided by slowing or changing course, but springing is more difficult to avoid because of the wide…

arch: …supports is known as the spring, or springing line. During construction of an arch, the voussoirs require support from below until the keystone has been set in place; this support usually takes the form of temporary wooden centring. The curve in an arch may be semicircular, segmental (consisting of less…

Springs, town, Gauteng province, South Africa. It lies in the Witwatersrand, just east of Johannesburg, at an elevation of 5,338 feet (1,627 metres). Founded as a coal-mining camp in 1885, it was sustained by the mining of gold beginning in 1908 and was incorporated in 1912. It became the largest

Bruce Springsteen: Without The Big Man: In 2017 Springsteen on Broadway premiered and was an immediate hit with critics and theatregoers. In the one-man show—with musical accompaniment by his wife on several tunes—Springsteen performed various songs and told stories, many of which were from his memoir. For the production, Springsteen earned a special…

Bruce Springsteen is an American singer, songwriter, and bandleader who became the archetypal rock performer of the 1970s and ’80s. Springsteen grew up in Freehold, a mill town where his father worked as a labourer. His rebellious and artistic side led him to the nearby Jersey Shore, where his

springtail, (order Collembola), any of approximately 6,000 small, primitive, wingless insects that range in length from 1 to 10 mm (0.04 to 0.4 inch). Most species are characterized by a forked appendage (furcula) attached at the end of the abdomen and held in place under tension from the

Irving Cummings: Springtime in the Rockies (1942) was a return to the stylized terrain of Down Argentine Way; Grable and Miranda were paired with John Payne and Cesar Romero, respectively; Harry James’s “I Had the Craziest Dream” was one of several musical highlights. Grable and Cummings teamed…

Springville, city, Utah county, north-central Utah, U.S., in the Utah Valley, east of Utah Lake and west of the Wasatch Range. It was founded in 1850 by Mormons, who named it Hobble Creek after their horses lost their hobbles in a stream. The name was later changed to Springville because of the

horticulture: Water management: Sprinkler irrigation is application of water under pressure as simulated rain. Subirrigation is the distribution of water to soil below the surface; it provides moisture to crops by upward capillary action. Trickle irrigation involves the slow release of water to each plant through small plastic…

sprinkler system, in fire control, a means of protecting a building against fire by causing an automatic discharge of water, usually from pipes near the ceiling. The prototype, developed in England about 1800, consisted of a pipe with a number of valves held closed by counterweights on strings;

sprint, in bicycle racing, a competition over a 1,000-metre (1,094-yard) course (500-metre for women) with time taken only over the last 200 metres (219 yards). Racers compete in groups of two (sometimes called a match sprint) or three, and they frequently spend the early laps of the race moving

sprint, in athletics (track and field), a footrace over a short distance with an all-out or nearly all-out burst of speed, the chief distances being 100, 200, and 400 metres and 100, 220, and 440 yards. The course for sprint races is usually marked off in lanes within which each runner must remain