Max Scheler: …des Menschen im Kosmos (1928; Man’s Place in Nature) is a sketch for these projected major works. It offers a grandiose vision of a gradual, self-becoming unification of man, Deity, and world. This converging process has two polarities: mind or spirit on the one hand, and impulsion on the other.…

Harry Mark Petrakis: …Petrakis wrote such autobiographies as Stelmark: A Family Recollection (1970), Tales of the Heart: Dreams and Memories of a Lifetime, and Song of My Life (2014).

Stelvio Pass, Alpine pass (9,042 feet [2,756 m]) at the northwest base of the Ortles mountain range in northern Italy near the Swiss border. One of the highest road passes in Europe, it connects the Venosta valley of the upper Adige River to the northeast with the Tellina valley of the upper Adda

STEM, field and curriculum centred on education in the disciplines of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). The STEM acronym was introduced in 2001 by scientific administrators at the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF). The organization previously used the acronym SMET when

electron microscope: History: …have given rise to the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM), which combines the methods of TEM and SEM, and the electron-probe microanalyzer, or microprobe analyzer, which allows a chemical analysis of the composition of materials to be made using the incident electron beam to excite the emission of characteristic X-rays…

stem, in botany, the plant axis that bears buds and shoots with leaves and, at its basal end, roots. The stem conducts water, minerals, and food to other parts of the plant; it may also store food, and green stems themselves produce food. In most plants the stem is the major vertical shoot, in some

Greek language: Morphology: …or verbal form combines a stem that carries the lexical sense of the word and a certain number of grammatical markers that serve to specify the meaning of the whole word (e.g., plural, future) or to indicate its syntactic function (e.g., subject, object) in the sentence.

stem cell, an undifferentiated cell that can divide to produce some offspring cells that continue as stem cells and some cells that are destined to differentiate (become specialized). Stem cells are an ongoing source of the differentiated cells that make up the tissues and organs of animals and

Sondre Norheim: …turn, the Christiania, and the stem Christiania. In 1850 he had been the first skier to perform parallel turns. In 1868 Norheim and some friends skied 322 km (200 miles) from Telemark to Christiania (later Oslo), where he made a jump of 18 metres (59 feet). He is credited with…

angiosperm: Shoot system modifications: They are often called stem succulents. In the cacti, the leaves on the main stems last for a very short time (they do not even develop as scale leaves) and the leaves of the axillary buds (the round cushion areas, or areoles, on the trunks) develop as spines. In…

tuber, specialized storage stem of certain seed plants. Tubers are usually short and thickened and typically grow below the soil. Largely composed of starch-storing parenchyma tissue, they constitute the resting stage of various plants and enable overwintering in many species. As modified stems,

Sondre Norheim: …which became standard as the stem turn, the Christiania, and the stem Christiania. In 1850 he had been the first skier to perform parallel turns. In 1868 Norheim and some friends skied 322 km (200 miles) from Telemark to Christiania (later Oslo), where he made a jump of 18 metres…

cloning: Reproductive cloning: In January 2008, scientists at Stemagen, a stem cell research and development company in California, announced that they had cloned five human embryos by means of SCNT and that the embryos had matured to the stage at which they could have been implanted in a womb. However, the scientists destroyed…

Poul Christian Stemann was a Danish premier who championed absolute monarchy against the rising tide of liberal reform. Trained as a lawyer, Stemann was a large landowner who entered government service in the late 1780s and held such posts as prefect of Sorø County. Earning a reputation as a highly

textual criticism: Recension: …tree of the witnesses (stemma codicum) is drawn up. Those witnesses that repeat the testimony of other surviving witnesses are discarded, and from the agreements of the remainder the text is reconstructed as it existed in the lost copy from which they descend, the “archetype.” Thus in the tradition…

lepidopteran: The larva, or caterpillar: …of minute simple eyes (stemmata). A short liplike labrum is in front of the mouth. Behind the labrum are paired jaws (mandibles) that are short, broad, and powerful to allow consumption of large amounts of plant material. Next is a pair of small first maxillae, each with a segmented…

textual criticism: Recension: In the “genealogical” or “stemmatic” approach, the attempt to reconstruct an original text here relies on the witnesses themselves regarded as physical objects related to each other chronologically and genealogically; the text and the textual vehicle (the book itself) are treated as a single entity. On the basis of…

Jo Nesbø: Nesbø’s long essay “Stemmer fra Balkan” (“Figures in the Balkans”) was published in 1999 with another long essay by Espen Søbye, about the authors’ trip to Serbia and Norway’s role in the NATO intervention in Kosovo in 1999. Nesbø also produced several stand-alone books, including the novella Det…

Draper Prize: Arnold and Willem P.C. Stemmer, bioengineers whose work in directed evolution has allowed biological molecules with specific properties to be produced in quantity for creating products ranging from pharmaceuticals to biofuels. Candidates are nominated each year by members of engineering and science associations in the United States…

Matthias Zdarsky: Stemming, as his steering moves were called, was performed by turning one ski to the side, in whichever direction the turn was intended, and quickly bringing the other ski into parallel position, a maneuver known as the stem Christiania. Zdarsky also improved ski design and…

Pandanales: Stemonaceae: The family Stemonaceae, with four genera and 27 species, consists of herbs and vines in both tropical and temperate zones. The Stemonaceae are herbs, vines, or shrublets with rhizomes or tubers and petiolate leaves with entire blades. The flowers are usually bisexual and dimerous…

Stemonitis, large genus of true slime molds (class Myxomycetes; q.v.) typical of the order Stemoniales. The species bear rusty to black spores on tiny featherlike fruiting bodies (sporangia), within an intricate network of threads (capillitium) arising from the stalk. The genus is a favourite

stemsucker, (genus Pilostyles), genus of 9–20 species of parasitic plants in the family Apodanthaceae. Stemsuckers primarily parasitize woody shrubs of the pea family (Fabaceae) and are considered endoparasites, meaning they live almost entirely within the stems of their host plants and obtain

Sten gun, 9-millimetre submachine gun that became the standard such weapon in the British Commonwealth armed forces during World War II. Moreover, hundreds of thousands of Sten guns were provided to underground movements everywhere in Europe during that war. The gun was so ubiquitous that its name

Sten Sture, the Elder was the regent of Sweden (1470–97, 1501–03) who resisted Danish domination and built up a strong central administration. Sten, a member of a powerful noble family, led forces that ended an attempt by the Danish king Christian I to gain control over Sweden in 1471, inflicting a

Sten Sture, the Younger was the regent of Sweden from 1513 to 1520. He repeatedly defeated both Danish forces and his domestic opponents, who favoured a union with Denmark, before falling in battle against the Danish king Christian II. During the regency (1503–12) of Sten’s father, Svante (Nilsson)

Sten gun, 9-millimetre submachine gun that became the standard such weapon in the British Commonwealth armed forces during World War II. Moreover, hundreds of thousands of Sten guns were provided to underground movements everywhere in Europe during that war. The gun was so ubiquitous that its name

Explore other Botanize! episodes and learn more about the titan arum. Hello, plant lovers (or the botanically curious)! You are listening to Encyclopædia Britannica’s Botanize!, and I’m your host, Melissa Petruzzello, the plant and environmental science editor at Britannica. I hope you’re ready for

mimeograph, duplicating machine that uses a stencil consisting of a coated fibre sheet through which ink is pressed. Employing a typewriter with the ribbon shifted out of the way so that the keys do not strike it, the information to be duplicated is typed on the stencil. The keys cut the coating on

imprinting: …spirit hectograph master cards, (2) stencil cards, and (3) metal or plastic plates. Hectograph master cards are made with the aid of hectograph carbon, with the imprint transferred by means of a chemical solution. Up to 250 imprints may be made from a single master card. Stencil cards consist of…

resist printing: In stencil printing, the design parts not intended to take colour are covered with paper, woven fabric, or metal while the dye is passed over the surface. See also discharge printing; roller printing.

stenciling, in the visual arts, a technique for reproducing designs by passing ink or paint over holes cut in cardboard or metal onto the surface to be decorated. Stencils were known in China as early as the 8th century, and Eskimo in Baffin Island were making prints from stencils cut in sealskins

stenciling, in the visual arts, a technique for reproducing designs by passing ink or paint over holes cut in cardboard or metal onto the surface to be decorated. Stencils were known in China as early as the 8th century, and Eskimo in Baffin Island were making prints from stencils cut in sealskins

Stendal, city, Saxony-Anhalt Land (state), central Germany. It lies along the Uchte River, north of Magdeburg. Stendal was once the capital of the Altmark (“Old March”) division of Brandenburg, and its early settlers were Lower Saxons, Wends, Netherlanders, and Rhinelanders. It was given market

Stendhal was one of the most original and complex French writers of the first half of the 19th century, chiefly known for his works of fiction. His finest novels are Le Rouge et le noir (1830; The Red and the Black) and La Chartreuse de Parme (1839; The Charterhouse of Parma). Stendhal is only one

Harry Mulisch: …novel Het stenen bruidsbed (1959; The Stone Bridal Bed), in which an American pilot involved in the bombing of Dresden returns to the city years later, won him an international audience. Twee vrouwen (1975; Two Women; filmed 1979) explored love between two women. Perhaps his most popular work is his…

Steneosaurus, (genus Steneosaurus), extinct crocodiles that inhabited shallow seas and whose fossils are found in sediments of the Jurassic Period (200 million to 146 million years ago) in South America, Europe, and North Africa. The skull of Steneosaurus was very light and narrow, with large

Casey Stengel was an American professional baseball player and manager whose career spanned more than five decades, the highlight of which was his tenure as manager of the New York Yankees, a team he guided to seven World Series titles. A colourful character, he was also known for his odd sayings,

Casey Stengel was an American professional baseball player and manager whose career spanned more than five decades, the highlight of which was his tenure as manager of the New York Yankees, a team he guided to seven World Series titles. A colourful character, he was also known for his odd sayings,

Thesmophoria: Possibly during the Stenia, a festival celebrated two days earlier, piglets were thrown into an underground chamber, called a megaron. They were left there until the parts of them not eaten by the guardian snakes had had time to rot. The remains were then brought up by women…

George Seaton was an American screenwriter and film director who was perhaps best known for his work on Miracle on 34th Street (1947) and The Country Girl (1954), both of which earned him Academy Awards for best screenplay. (Read Martin Scorsese’s Britannica essay on film preservation.) Stenius,

Ingemar Stenmark is a Swedish Alpine skier, a slalom specialist, who was one of the most successful performers in the history of the sport. In 1976 he became the first Scandinavian to win the Alpine World Cup (then based on slalom, giant slalom, and downhill races). He repeated the victory in

Stenness, site of the Standing Stones of Stenness, a Neolithic stone circle on the island of Mainland (Pomona) in the Orkney Islands, Scotland. Only 4 of the probably 12 original stones remain; set in a rock foundation, some stand over 13 feet (4 metres) in height. The circle, about 200 feet (61

Ivan Turgenev: Early life and works: …verse and a poetic drama, Steno (1834), in the style of the English poet Lord Byron, the first of his works to attract attention was a long poem, Parasha, published in 1843. The potential of the author was quickly appreciated by the critic Vissarion Belinsky, who became Turgenev’s close friend…

Steno’s law, statement that the angles between two corresponding faces on the crystals of any solid chemical or mineral species are constant and are characteristic of the species; this angle is measured between lines drawn perpendicular to each face. The law, also called the law of constancy of

Nicolaus Steno was a geologist and anatomist whose early observations greatly advanced the development of geology. In 1660 Steno went to Amsterdam to study human anatomy, and while there he discovered the parotid salivary duct, also called Stensen’s duct. In 1665 he went to Florence, where he was

organ-pipe cactus, (Stenocereus thurberi), large species of cactus (family Cactaceae), native to Mexico and to southern Arizona in the United States. Organ-pipe cactus is characteristic of warmer rocky parts of the Sonoran Desert in Baja California, Sonora (Mexico), and southern Arizona. It and

dance: Prominent notation methods: …the first of which was La Sténochorégraphie (“The Art of Writing Dance”), published in 1852 by the French dancer and choreographer Arthur Saint-Léon. The disadvantage of this system was that it could not record the timing or musical coordination of movements, so that later attempts to produce a system were…

whitefish: The inconnu, cony, or sheefish (Stenodus leucichthys), an oily-fleshed salmonid, is eaten in the far northwestern regions of North America.

gastropod: Classification: Suborder Neogastropoda (Stenoglossa) Carnivorous or scavengers with rachiglossate (with 3 denticles) or taxoglossate (with 2 denticles) radula; shell often with long siphonal canal; proboscis well developed and often extensible; shells generally large; all marine. Superfamily Muricacea Murex shells (Muricidae), rock

shorthand: Machine shorthand: …Ward Stone Ireland, an American stenographer and court reporter. At present, the Stenograph and Stenotype machines are used in offices to some extent, but they are principally employed for conference and court reporting. Both machines have keyboards of 22 keys. Because the operator uses all fingers and both thumbs, any…

Pitman shorthand, system of rapid writing based on the sounds of words (i.e., the phonetic principle) rather than on conventional spellings. Invented by Sir Isaac Pitman, an English educator, the Pitman shorthand method was first published in 1837 as Stenographic Sound Hand. Pitman’s system

Pitman shorthand: …first published in 1837 as Stenographic Sound Hand. Pitman’s system classifies the sounds of a language into basic groups and makes use of simple abbreviations for rapidity. Consonants are drawn from simple geometrical forms, straight lines, and shallow curves. As far as possible they are paired; thus, a light slanted…

shorthand, Shorthand alphabetsEncyclopædia Britannica, Inc.a system for rapid writing that uses symbols or abbreviations for letters, words, or phrases. Among the most popular modern systems are Pitman, Gregg, and Speedwriting. Besides being known as stenography (close, little, or narrow writing),

marine ecosystem: Physical and chemical properties of seawater: …differences in salinity varies greatly: stenohaline organisms have a low tolerance to salinity changes, whereas euryhaline organisms, which are found in areas where river and sea meet (estuaries), are very tolerant of large changes in salinity. Euryhaline organisms are also very tolerant of changes in temperature. Animals that migrate between…

stenolaemate, any member of the class Stenolaemata, a group of colonial marine animals within the invertebrate phylum Bryozoa (moss animals). About 900 species of stenolaemates have been described. Only one of the four orders that make up the class, the Cyclostomata, is represented by living

stenolaemate, any member of the class Stenolaemata, a group of colonial marine animals within the invertebrate phylum Bryozoa (moss animals). About 900 species of stenolaemates have been described. Only one of the four orders that make up the class, the Cyclostomata, is represented by living

assassin bug: Predatory behaviour: The thread-legged bug Stenolemus bituberus, which is native to Australia, preys on web-building spiders. It uses one of two different predatory strategies: stalking, in which it approaches its prey slowly and strikes when within range, or luring, in which it plucks the silk threads of the…

Jerusalem cricket, (subfamily Stenopelmatinae), any of about 50 species of insects in the family Stenopelmatidae (order Orthoptera) that are related to grasshoppers and crickets. Jerusalem crickets are large, brownish, awkward insects that are found in Asia, South Africa, and both North and Central

fish: Annotated classification: Superorder Stenopterygii Order Stomiiformes Adipose fin present or absent, some species with both a dorsal and a ventral adipose fin; swim bladder without duct or absent entirely; maxilla the dominant bone of the upper jaw; some species with greatly enlarged, depressable teeth; anterior vertebrae sometimes unossified;…

shrimp: The coral shrimp, Stenopus hispidus, a tropical species that attains lengths of 3.5 cm (1.4 inches), cleans the scales of coral fish as the fish swims backward through the shrimp’s chelae.

spider crab: …of the genera Libinia, Hyas, Sternorhynchus, Pitho, and Lambrus are common on the Atlantic coast of North America. Pacific coast spider crabs include the genera Loxorhynchus, Pugettia, and Epialtus.

shorthand: Modern abbreviated longhand systems: Stenoscript ABC Shorthand is a phonetic system using only longhand and common punctuation marks. It originated in London in 1607 and was revised by Manuel Claude Avancena, who published a modern edition in 1950. Stenoscript has 24 brief forms that must be memorized; e.g., ak…

atresia and stenosis: stenosis, absence, usually congenital, of a normal bodily passage or cavity (atresia) or narrowing of a normal passage (stenosis). Most such malformations must be surgically corrected soon after birth. Almost any cavity or passage may be affected; some of the more important of these disorders…

shorthand: Modern abbreviated longhand systems: Stenospeed originated in 1950 in the United States; the first publication was called Stenospeed High Speed Longhand, but in 1951 the system was revised under the name of Stenospeed ABC Shorthand. It is used by many schools as a standard text.

shorthand: Modern abbreviated longhand systems: Stenospeed originated in 1950 in the United States; the first publication was called Stenospeed High Speed Longhand, but in 1951 the system was revised under the name of Stenospeed ABC Shorthand. It is used by many schools as a standard text.

shorthand: Modern abbreviated longhand systems: Stenospeed originated in 1950 in the United States; the first publication was called Stenospeed High Speed Longhand, but in 1951 the system was revised under the name of Stenospeed ABC Shorthand. It is used by many schools as a standard text.

Stenotaphrum, genus of about seven species of low mat-forming grasses of the family Poaceae, native to tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world. St. Augustine grass (Stenotaphrum secundatum), also called buffalo grass, is cultivated as a coarse lawn grass in some areas of Australia and

St. Augustine grass, (Stenotaphrum secundatum), low mat-forming perennial grass of the family Poaceae. St. Augustine grass is native to central and southeastern North America and Central America and has naturalized along many seacoasts around the world. The plant is cultivated as a lawn grass in

porgy: …are such species as the scup, or northern porgy (Stenotomus chrysops), a small fish, brownish above and silvery below, and the sheepshead (Archosargus probatocephalus), a black-banded grayish fish growing to about 75 cm and 9 kg, both valued for food and sport.

coleopteran: Annotated classification: Family Stenotrachelidae Found in East Asia, North America. Family Tenebrionidae (darkling beetles) Varied group; mostly plant scavengers; examples Eleodes, Tenebrio; about 20,000 species; widely distributed. Family Tetratomidae

bee: …for their elaborate nest structures; Stenotritidae, a small family of Australian bees; and Apidae (bumblebees, honeybees, carpenter bees, cuckoo beeds, and digger, or mining, bees).

stenotypy, a system of machine shorthand in which letters or groups of letters phonetically represent syllables, words, phrases, and punctuation marks. The machine—mainly the commercial Stenotype, or Stenograph—which is commonly used in court reporting, is virtually noiseless and can be operated at

salivary gland: Each gland’s major duct (Stensen’s duct) opens in the rear of the mouth cavity near the second upper molar. The second pair, the submaxillary glands, also called submandibular glands, are located along the side of the lower jawbone. The major duct of each (Wharton’s duct) opens into the floor…

Nicolaus Steno was a geologist and anatomist whose early observations greatly advanced the development of geology. In 1660 Steno went to Amsterdam to study human anatomy, and while there he discovered the parotid salivary duct, also called Stensen’s duct. In 1665 he went to Florence, where he was

Stentor, genus of trumpet-shaped, contractile, uniformly ciliated protozoans of the order Heterotrichida. They are found in fresh water, either free-swimming or attached to submerged vegetation. Stentor assumes an oval or pear shape while swimming. At its larger end, Stentor has multiple ciliary

Stentor: At its larger end, Stentor has multiple ciliary membranelles spiraling around the region that leads to the mouth opening. It uses these cilia to sweep food particles into its cytostome. The species S. coeruleus is large (sometimes up to 2 mm [0.08 inch] long) and is predominantly blue from…

Aleksis Kivi was the father of the Finnish novel and drama and the creator of Finland’s modern literary language. Though Kivi grew up in rural poverty, he entered the University of Helsinki in 1857. In 1860 he won the Finnish Literary Society’s drama competition with his tragedy Kullervo, based on

Stornoway, burgh and largest town and port of the Outer Hebrides islands of Scotland. It is the chief town of Lewis, on the island of Lewis and Harris. It is part of the Western Isles council area and the historic county of Ross-shire in the historic region of Ross and Cromarty. The quickest sea

choreography: Staged ballet employed the same steps and movements as social dance and differed from it principally in floor arrangement and visual projection.

Salman Rushdie: Post-fatwa writings: Step Across This Line, a collection of essays he wrote between 1992 and 2002 on subjects ranging from the September 11 attacks to The Wizard of Oz, was issued in 2002.

Adam McKay: …on to make the less-successful Step Brothers (2008) and The Other Guys (2010), which McKay wrote with Chris Henchy.

step cut, method of faceting coloured gemstones in which the stone produced is rather flat with steps, or rows, of four-sided facets parallel to the girdle (the stone’s widest part). Because the facets are parallel to the girdle, they are usually long and narrow, except at the corners of the stone.

clog dance: …Ländler, and often in Irish step dances (solo jigs, reels, and hornpipes). In northern England, notably among the miners of Northumbria and Durham, dances such as the Lancashire and Liverpool hornpipes may be danced on tabletops, in clogs. Like Irish step dancers, English clog dancers maintain an expressionless face and…

Larry Woiwode: …Think I Did (2000) and A Step from Death (2008) are memoirs.

electrochemical reaction: Electrocrystallization: …edge of a crystal, and step growth would lead to smoothing of the surface to perfection, but then further growth would cease.

Step Pyramid of Djoser, the oldest important stone building in Egypt, the centre of a large mortuary complex in the Ṣaqqārah necropolis. Little is known about the kings of Egypt in the Old Kingdom period, but the pyramids they created were massively impressive statements of their power and wealth,

Step Reckoner, a calculating machine designed (1671) and built (1673) by the German mathematician-philosopher Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz. The Step Reckoner expanded on the French mathematician-philosopher Blaise Pascal’s ideas and did multiplication by repeated addition and shifting. Leibniz was

voltage regulator: …types of regulators are used: step regulators, in which switches regulate the current supply, and induction regulators, in which an induction motor supplies a secondary, continually adjusted voltage to even out current variations in the feeder line.

telephone: Electromechanical switching: The Strowger switch consisted of essentially two parts: an array of 100 terminals, called the bank, that were arranged 10 rows high and 10 columns wide in a cylindrical arc; and a movable switch, called the brush, which was moved up and down the cylinder by…

surface coating: Step-growth and chain-growth polymers: Step-growth polymers include polyesters, epoxies, polyurethanes, polyamides, melamine, and phenolic resins. They are formed most often by reactions between two dissimilar

chemistry of industrial polymers: Polymerization reactions: The other process, called step-growth polymerization, involves the build-up of molecular weight not in a chainlike fashion but in a stepwise fashion, by the random combination of monomer molecules containing reactive functional groups. Chain-growth and step-growth polymerization are described in some detail below.

industrial glass: Properties: …different refractive properties, are called stepped-index fibres. For various reasons, superior performance can be obtained from a graded-index fibre, in which the glass composition, and hence the refractive indices, change progressively, without abrupt transition, between the core and the outer diameter.

Stenka Razin was a leader of a major Cossack and peasant rebellion on Russia’s southeastern frontier (1670–71). Born into a well-to-do Don Cossack family, Stenka Razin grew up amid the tension caused by the inability of runaway serfs, who were continually escaping from Poland and Russia to the Don

Xankändi, city, southwestern Azerbaijan. Situated at the foot of the eastern slopes of the Karabakh Range, the city was founded after the October Revolution (1917) on the site of the village of Khankendy and was renamed Stepanakert in 1923 for Stepan Shaumyan, a leader of the Baku Commune. After

dance notation: The Romantic period (late 18th–late 19th century): and choreographer Léonide Massine learned Stepanov notation as a student at the Imperial School of Ballet and made use of it in developing his own choreographic theories. His Massine on Choreography was published in 1976.

dance notation: The Romantic period (late 18th–late 19th century): …such system was developed by Vladimir Ivanovich Stepanov, a dancer of the Mariinsky Ballet in St. Petersburg; it was published in Paris with the title Alphabet des mouvements du corps humain (1892; Alphabet of Movements of the Human Body). Stepanov’s method was based on an anatomical analysis of movement and…

Varvara Fyodorovna Stepanova was a noted figure of the Russian avant-garde who was a multitalented artist (painter and graphic, book, and theatrical set designer) and the wife of fellow artist Aleksandr Rodchenko. Stepanova, like Rodchenko, was somewhat younger than the other artists of their

Macarius: His Stepennaya Kniga (“Book of Generations”) is a comprehensive history of Russian ruling families and a compendium of earlier chronicles.

The Stepford Wives, novel by American author Ira Levin, published in 1972. It has been described as the first “feminist horror novel,” with echoes of Levin’s earlier horror masterpiece Rosemary’s Baby. Photographer Joanne Eberhart and Walter, her husband, have just moved to Stepford, Connecticut,