Sant’Antioco Island: …on the northeast coast, is Sant’Antioco, site of the Phoenician and Roman city of Sulcis (Sulci), destroyed by the Saracens in the European Middle Ages. There are remains of a Punic and Roman necropolis, a Phoenician sanctuary, and early Christian catacombs (under the parish church) believed to contain the remains…

human cardiovascular system: External surface of the heart: Shallow grooves called the interventricular sulci, containing blood vessels, mark the separation between ventricles on the front and back surfaces of the heart. There are two grooves on the external surface of the heart. One, the atrioventricular groove, is along the line where the right atrium and the right ventricle…

brain: Two major furrows—the central sulcus and the lateral sulcus—divide each cerebral hemisphere into four sections: the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes. The central sulcus, also known as the fissure of Rolando, also separates the cortical motor area (which is anterior to the fissure) from the cortical sensory…

Franciscus Sylvius: …(1641) the deep cleft (Sylvian fissure) separating the temporal (lower), frontal, and parietal (top rear) lobes of the brain.

human ear: Structure of the cochlea: Below the prominence is the outer sulcus. The floor of the outer sulcus is lined by cells of epithelial origin, some of which send long projections into the substance of the spiral ligament. Between these so-called root cells, capillary vessels descend from the spiral ligament. This region appears to have…

human nervous system: Morphological development: …the massive growth of the cerebral hemispheres over the sides of the midbrain and of the cerebellum at the hindbrain; and the formations of convolutions (sulci and gyri) in the cerebral cortex and folia of the cerebellar cortex. The central and calcarine sulci are discernible by the fifth fetal month,…

Iraq: Il-Khanid successors (1335–1410): …especially the leaders of the Süldüz and Jalāyirid tribes. The Süldüz, also known as the Chūpānids, made Azerbaijan their stronghold, while the Jalāyirid took control in Baghdad. At first both groups raised a succession of Il-Khanid figureheads to legitimize their rule.

Ibrahim Pasha: Sève (Suleiman Pasha al-Faransawi), won military fame. In 1831–32, after a disagreement between Muḥammad ʿAlī and the Ottoman sultan, Ibrahim led an Egyptian army through Palestine and defeated an Ottoman army at Homs. He then forced the Bailan Pass and crossed the Taurus, gaining a final…

Saad al-Hariri: Premiership: Michel Suleiman to take on the complex task of forming a new government. In September, after weeks of unsuccessful negotiations with the opposition, Hariri announced that he would abandon his attempts to form a unity government and would step down as prime minister-designate. The following…

Omar Suleiman was an Egyptian intelligence official who served as the director of the Egyptian General Intelligence Service (EGIS; 1993–2011) and briefly served as vice president of Egypt under Pres. Ḥosnī Mubārak in early 2011, becoming the first person to serve as vice president in Mubārak’s

Qassem Soleimani was an Iranian major general and commander of the Quds Force (1997/98–2020), a wing of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) responsible for IRGC foreign operations. Soleimani grew up in a poor rural family, indebted by loans from Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi’s modernization

Naim Suleymanoglu was a Bulgarian-born Turkish weightlifter who dominated the sport in the mid-1980s and ’90s. Suleymanoglu, the son of a miner of Turkish descent, began lifting weights at age 10, and at age 14 he came within 2.5 kg (5.5 pounds) of a world record. At age 15 he set his first world

Suleja, town and traditional emirate, Niger state, central Nigeria. The town is situated on the Iku River, a minor tributary of the Niger at the foot of the Abuchi Hills, and lies at the intersection of several roads. The emirate’s wooded savanna area of about 1,150 square miles (2,980 square km)

Suleja: The emirate’s wooded savanna area of about 1,150 square miles (2,980 square km) originally included four small Koro chiefdoms that paid tribute to the Hausa kingdom of Zazzau. After warriors of the Fulani jihad (holy war) captured Zaria (Zazzau’s capital, 137 miles [220 km] north-northeast) about…

Łódzkie: Geography: …an artificial reservoir known as Sulejowskie Lake was built on the Pilica River. Forests (mainly of pine) take up about one-fifth of the total area. Local climate is mild and dry, with average annual precipitation being less than 20 inches (500 mm).

Cyberbullying: …ample evidence of what psychologist John Suler has identified as the Online Disinhibition Effect: we escape online into a world where we’re disconnected from our true selves and our true compass. Our online behavior distances us from our normal personalities and encourages us to develop different personas—one only has to…

Celtic religion: The Celtic gods: …was identified with the goddess Sulis, whose cult there centred on the thermal springs. Through the plural form Suleviae, found at Bath and elsewhere, she is also related to the numerous and important mother goddesses—who often occur in duplicate or, more commonly, triadic form. Her nearest equivalent in insular tradition…

Candar Dynasty: Candar’s son Süleyman captured Kastamonu and Sinop and in 1314 accepted the suzerainty of the Il-Khans (western branch of the Mongols), until the breakdown of Il-Khanid power at the death of its ruler, Abū Saʿīd, in 1335.

Ottoman Empire: Osman and Orhan: Starting in 1354, Orhan’s son Süleyman transformed Gallipoli, a peninsula on the European side of the Dardanelles, into a permanent base for expansion into Europe and refused to leave, despite the protests of Cantacuzenus and others. From Gallipoli Süleyman’s bands moved up the Maritsa River into southeastern Europe, raiding as…

Mehmed I: …Amasya, İsa in Bursa, and Süleyman in Rumelia (Balkan lands under Ottoman control). Mehmed defeated İsa and seized Bursa (1404–05) and then sent another brother, Mûsa, against Süleyman. Mûsa was victorious over Süleyman (1410) but then declared himself sultan in Edirne and undertook the reconquest of the Ottoman territories in…

Fall of Constantinople: Battle: Baltaoğlu Süleyman Bey commanded a fleet stationed at Diplokionion with an estimated 31 large and midsize warships alongside nearly 100 smaller boats and transports. Mehmed’s strategy was straightforward: he would use his fleet and siege lines to blockade Constantinople on all sides while relentlessly battering…

Süleyman Çelebi was one of the most famous early poets of Anatolia. Süleyman appears to have been the son of an Ottoman minister, Ahmed Paşa, who served in the court of Sultan Murad I. Süleyman became a leader of the Khalwatīyah dervish order and then imam (religious leader) to the court of the

Eşref Dynasty: The family’s founder, Eşref oğlu Sayfeddin Süleyman I, was a Seljuq emir who played an important role in Seljuq dynastic struggles during the reign (1283–98) of the Seljuq sultan Masʿūd II. Süleyman was appointed regent to the sons of the deposed Seljuq sultan, Ghiyāth ad-Dīn Kay-Khusraw, by Masʿūd’s…

Süleyman the Magnificent was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1520 to 1566 who not only undertook bold military campaigns that enlarged his realm but also oversaw the development of what came to be regarded as the most characteristic achievements of Ottoman civilization in the fields of law,

Sinan: The Mosque of Süleyman in Istanbul was constructed in the years 1550–57 and is considered by many scholars to be his finest work. It was based on the design of the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, a 6th-century masterpiece of Byzantine architecture that greatly influenced Sinan. The…

Süleyman II was an Ottoman sultan (1687–91) who, despite his short reign and 46 years of enforced confinement before he succeeded his brother Mehmed IV, was able to strengthen the Ottoman state through internal reforms and reconquests of territory. The army mutiny that had brought Süleyman to the

Süleyman II was an Ottoman sultan (1687–91) who, despite his short reign and 46 years of enforced confinement before he succeeded his brother Mehmed IV, was able to strengthen the Ottoman state through internal reforms and reconquests of territory. The army mutiny that had brought Süleyman to the

Eşref Dynasty: …was succeeded by his son Süleyman II, whose reign coincided with an attempt by Demirtaş, the Il-Khanid governor of Anatolia, to assert his authority over the independent Turkmen rulers in Anatolia. About 1326 Demirtaş marched to Beyşehir and killed Süleyman II, putting an end to the Eşref principality. Later its…

Süleyman the Magnificent was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1520 to 1566 who not only undertook bold military campaigns that enlarged his realm but also oversaw the development of what came to be regarded as the most characteristic achievements of Ottoman civilization in the fields of law,

Süleyman the Magnificent was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1520 to 1566 who not only undertook bold military campaigns that enlarged his realm but also oversaw the development of what came to be regarded as the most characteristic achievements of Ottoman civilization in the fields of law,

Iraq: The 18th-century Mamluk regime: …known as Büyük (the Great) Süleyman Paşa, and his rule (1780–1802) is generally acknowledged to represent the apogee of Mamluk power in Iraq. He imported large numbers of mamlūks to strengthen his own household, curbed the factionalism among rival households, eliminated the Janissaries as an independent local force, and fostered…

Süleyman the Magnificent was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1520 to 1566 who not only undertook bold military campaigns that enlarged his realm but also oversaw the development of what came to be regarded as the most characteristic achievements of Ottoman civilization in the fields of law,

Süleyman the Magnificent was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1520 to 1566 who not only undertook bold military campaigns that enlarged his realm but also oversaw the development of what came to be regarded as the most characteristic achievements of Ottoman civilization in the fields of law,

Süleymaniye Mosque, grand hilltop structure built in the 16th century on the orders of, and named after, Sultan Süleyman the Magnificent in Istanbul, Turkey. It was designed by Sinan, one of the great architects of his time and architect-in-chief to Süleyman for almost 28 years. During its

Jerusalem: Architecture: …most conspicuous feature is the city wall erected in 1538–40 by the Ottoman sultan Süleyman the Magnificent, largely on the foundations of earlier walls dating chiefly to the period of the Crusades but in some places to Byzantine, Herodian, and even Hasmonean times. The Old City may be entered through…

Süleymaniye Mosque, grand hilltop structure built in the 16th century on the orders of, and named after, Sultan Süleyman the Magnificent in Istanbul, Turkey. It was designed by Sinan, one of the great architects of his time and architect-in-chief to Süleyman for almost 28 years. During its

Naim Suleymanoglu was a Bulgarian-born Turkish weightlifter who dominated the sport in the mid-1980s and ’90s. Suleymanoglu, the son of a miner of Turkish descent, began lifting weights at age 10, and at age 14 he came within 2.5 kg (5.5 pounds) of a world record. At age 15 he set his first world

sulfa drug, any member of a group of synthetic antibiotics containing the sulfanilamide molecular structure. Sulfa drugs were the first chemical substances systematically used to treat and prevent bacterial infections in humans. Their use has diminished because of the availability of antibiotics

malaria: Treatment: a combination of pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine, mefloquine, primaquine, and artemisinin—the latter a derivative of Artemisia annua, a type of wormwood whose dried leaves have been used against malarial fevers since ancient times in China. All of these drugs destroy the malarial parasites while they are living inside red

Prontosil, trade name of the first synthetic drug used in the treatment of general bacterial infections in humans. Prontosil was introduced into medicine in the 1930s. Prontosil resulted from research, directed by German chemist and pathologist Gerhard Domagk, on the antibacterial action of azo

pharmaceutical industry: Early efforts in the development of anti-infective drugs: …metabolized in the patient to sulfanilamide, which was the active antibacterial molecule. In 1933 Prontosil was given to the first patient, an infant with a systemic staphylococcal infection. The infant underwent a dramatic cure. In subsequent years many derivatives of sulfonamides, or sulfa drugs, were synthesized and tested for antibacterial…

mineral: Sulfides: The similar but rarer sulfarsenides are grouped here as well. Sulfide minerals consist of one or more metals combined with sulfur; sulfarsenides contain arsenic replacing some of the sulfur.

sulfate, any of numerous chemical compounds related to sulfuric acid, H2SO4. One group of these derivatives is composed of salts containing the sulfate ion, SO42-, and positively charged ions such as those of sodium, magnesium, or ammonium; a second group is composed of esters, in which the

chemical bonding: Molecules with multiple bonds: Thus, the sulfate ion, SO42−, for which a Lewis structure is

sulfate mineral, any naturally occurring salt of sulfuric acid. About 200 distinct kinds of sulfates are recorded in mineralogical literature, but most of them are of rare and local occurrence. Abundant deposits of sulfate minerals, such as barite and celestite, are exploited for the preparation of

kraft process, (from German kraft, “strong”), chemical method for the production of wood pulp that employs a solution of caustic soda and sodium sulfide as the liquor in which the pulpwood is cooked in order to loosen the fibres. The kraft process differs from the sulfite process in that (1) the

sulfate mineral: All sulfates possess an atomic structure based on discrete insular sulfate (SO42-) tetrahedra, i.e., ions in which four oxygen atoms are symmetrically distributed at the corners of a tetrahedron with the sulfur atom in the centre. These tetrahedral groups do not polymerize, and the sulfate group…

isoprenoid: Monoterpenes: …also a major component of sulfate turpentine, a by-product of the manufacture of paper, and is important as a component of paints and varnishes and as a raw material for the production of a wide variety of products employed in the chemical industry. Its use in coating materials depends on…

cement: Types of portland cement: …III), low-heat (Type IV), and sulfate-resistant (Type V). In other countries Type II is omitted, and Type III is called rapid-hardening. Type V is known in some European countries as Ferrari cement.

beekeeping: Diseases: Sulfathiazole and Terramycin are widely used to control the disease. Many countries and most states in the U.S. require the destruction by fire of diseased colonies and have apiary inspectors to enforce the regulations.

sphingolipid: Sulfate-containing cerebrosides, known as sulfatides, occur in the white matter of brain. Gangliosides, most abundant in nerve tissue (especially the gray matter of brain) and certain other tissues (e.g., spleen) are similar to cerebrosides except that, in addition to the sugar component, they contain several other molecules of carbohydrate…

sulfation, in chemistry, any of several methods by which esters or salts of sulfuric acid (sulfates) are formed. The esters are commonly prepared by treating an alcohol with sulfuric acid, sulfur trioxide, chlorosulfuric acid, or sulfamic acid. The term sulfation often connotes a deleterious

organosulfur compound: Other sulfinyl and sulfonyl compounds: …of organosulfur oxyacids are possible: sulfenic acids, RSOH; sulfinic acids, RS(O)OH; and sulfonic acids, RSO2OH. These compounds are named by attaching the name of the alkane, arene, and so on, to the name for the acid, as in trichloromethanesulfenic acid, ethanesulfinic acid, and p-toluenesulfonic acid. The sulfonic acids are very…

organosulfur compound: Other sulfinyl and sulfonyl compounds: …and their oxidized products: Reactions), sulfenyl chlorides can be prepared by reaction of disulfides with equimolar quantities of chlorine. Sulfenyl chlorides readily add to olefins to produce chlorine-containing sulfides and react with amines to form sulfenamides, RSNR′2.

sulfhemoglobinemia, presence in the blood of sulfhemoglobin, the product of abnormal, irreversible binding of sulfur by the hemoglobin in the red blood cells, rendering them incapable of transporting oxygen. The condition may result from the chronic use of such drugs as acetanilide and phenacetin.

organosulfur compound: Sulfides: Sulfides, in which two organic groups are bonded to a sulfur atom (as in RSR′) are the sulfur analogs of ethers (ROR′). The organic groups, R and R′, may be both alkyl, both aryl, or one of each. If sulfur is simultaneously connected to…

sulfide, any of three classes of chemical compounds containing the element sulfur. The three classes of sulfides include inorganic sulfides, organic sulfides (sometimes called thioethers), and phosphine sulfides. Inorganic sulfides are ionic compounds containing the negatively charged sulfide ion,

sulfide mineral, any member of a group of compounds of sulfur with one or more metals. Most of the sulfides are simple structurally, exhibit high symmetry in their crystal forms, and have many of the properties of metals, including metallic lustre and electrical conductivity. They often are

organosulfur compound: Other sulfinyl and sulfonyl compounds: …amines and alcohols to yield sulfinamides (RS(O)NR′2) and sulfinates (RS(O)OR′), respectively. As previously noted (see above Disulfides and polysulfides and their oxidized products: Reactions), sulfenyl chlorides can be prepared by reaction of disulfides with equimolar quantities of chlorine. Sulfenyl chlorides readily add to olefins

organosulfur compound: Other sulfinyl and sulfonyl compounds: …to yield sulfinamides (RS(O)NR′2) and sulfinates (RS(O)OR′), respectively. As previously noted (see above Disulfides and polysulfides and their oxidized products: Reactions), sulfenyl chlorides can be prepared by reaction of disulfides with equimolar quantities of chlorine. Sulfenyl chlorides readily add to olefins to produce chlorine-containing sulfides and react with amines to…

organosulfur compound: Reactions: …thioketone S-oxides, also known as sulfines, such as thioacetone S-oxide, CH3C(=S=O)CH3. Thioformaldehyde readily trimerizes to 1,3,5-trithiane or polymerizes to poly(thioformaldehyde). The presence of a π bond in thioketones makes these compounds reactive in Diels-Alder reactions and related cycloaddition reactions. Similar to carbonyl compounds, thioketones can also undergo enolization (thioenolization), giving

organosulfur compound: Other sulfinyl and sulfonyl compounds: … are possible: sulfenic acids, RSOH; sulfinic acids, RS(O)OH; and sulfonic acids, RSO2OH. These compounds are named by attaching the name of the alkane, arene, and so on, to the name for the acid, as in trichloromethanesulfenic acid, ethanesulfinic acid, and p-toluenesulfonic acid. The sulfonic acids are very strong—comparable to hydrochloric…

organosulfur compound: Other sulfinyl and sulfonyl compounds: In sulfoxides, R―S(=O)―R′, and sulfones, R―S(=O)2―R′, groups R and R′ both contain a carbon atom bonded to sulfur. A variety of other organosulfur compounds are known of types R―S(=O)―X, Y―S(=O)―X, R―S(=O)2―X, and Y―S(=O)2―X, in which X and Y are elements other…

oxyacid: Sulfurous acid and sulfite salts: When sulfur dioxide is dissolved in water, an acidic solution results. This has long been loosely called a sulfurous acid, H2SO3, solution. However, pure anhydrous sulfurous acid has never been isolated or detected, and an aqueous solution of SO2 contains little, if any,…

sulfite process, chemical process for the manufacture of paper pulp that employs an acid bisulfite solution to soften the wood material by removing the lignin from the cellulose. Sulfite cooking liquor used in the process consists of free sulfur dioxide obtained by the burning of sulfur or by the

liver function test: …substances as hippuric acid and Bromsulphalein. Other diagnostic measures of liver function are based on the following: X-ray, following the opacification of liver structures with a radiopaque substance; biopsy; the administration of a radioactive compound that is absorbed to different degrees by healthy and diseased liver cells; and the mapping…

liver function test: …substances as hippuric acid and Bromsulphalein. Other diagnostic measures of liver function are based on the following: X-ray, following the opacification of liver structures with a radiopaque substance; biopsy; the administration of a radioactive compound that is absorbed to different degrees by healthy and diseased liver cells; and the mapping…

organosulfur compound: Occurrence and preparation: The solvent sulfolane (thiolane S,S-dioxide) is prepared by first reacting sulfur dioxide with butadiene to give sulfolene (a cyclic, unsaturated, five-membered ring sulfone), followed by hydrogenation to yield sulfolane.

organosulfur compound: Occurrence and preparation: …dioxide with butadiene to give sulfolene (a cyclic, unsaturated, five-membered ring sulfone), followed by hydrogenation to yield sulfolane.

sulfur bacterium: …springs and in sewage, and Sulfolobus, confined to sulfur-rich hot springs, transform hydrogen sulfide to elemental sulfur.

sulfonamide, any member of a class of chemical compounds, the amides of sulfonic acids. The class includes several groups of drugs used in the treatment of bacterial infections, diabetes mellitus, edema, hypertension, and gout. The bacteriostatic sulfonamide drugs, often called sulfa drugs, include

sulfa drug, any member of a group of synthetic antibiotics containing the sulfanilamide molecular structure. Sulfa drugs were the first chemical substances systematically used to treat and prevent bacterial infections in humans. Their use has diminished because of the availability of antibiotics

organosulfur compound: Other sulfinyl and sulfonyl compounds: …presence of tertiary amines yields sulfonates, RSO2OR′.

ion-exchange reaction: Ion-exchange equilibria: …whose functional group is the sulfonate ion. Resins bearing carboxylate ions, or with fully ionized phosphonate ions, exhibit different sequences. The electrostatic field strength of the fixed ion on the resin determines the order of separation. When the charge on the fixed ion is small and spread over a large…

sulfonation, in chemistry, any of several methods by which sulfonic acids are prepared. Important sulfonation procedures include the reaction of aromatic hydrocarbons with sulfuric acid, sulfur trioxide, or chlorosulfuric acid; the reaction of organic halogen compounds with inorganic sulfites; and

sulfone, any of a family of organic sulfur compounds in which two carbon-containing combining groups are linked to the group SO2. The best known members of the family are the polysulfone (q.v.) resins and several drugs used in the treatment of

sulfonic acid, any of a class of organic acids containing sulfur and having the general formula RSO3H, in which R is an organic combining group. The sulfonic acids are among the most important of the organosulfur compounds; the free acids are widely used as catalysts in organic syntheses, while the

organosulfur compound: Other sulfinyl and sulfonyl compounds: Aromatic sulfonic acids and sulfonyl chlorides can be prepared by sulfonation of benzene derivatives with fuming sulfuric acid and chlorosulfonic acid, ClSO3H, respectively, while aliphatic sulfonic acids are prepared by vigorous oxidation of thiols or by reaction of amine sulfur trioxide complexes (e.g., Me3NSO3) with organolithium compounds. Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid…

organosulfur compound: The sulfur atom: (R―SeSe―R), and between oxonium (R3O+), sulfonium (R3S+), and selenonium salts (R3Se+), where R represents a general carbon group—e.g., the methyl group, CH3, or the ethyl group, C2H5.

organosulfur compound: Other sulfinyl and sulfonyl compounds: Aromatic sulfonic acids and sulfonyl chlorides can be prepared by sulfonation of benzene derivatives with fuming sulfuric acid and chlorosulfonic acid, ClSO3H, respectively, while aliphatic sulfonic acids are prepared by vigorous oxidation of thiols or by reaction of amine sulfur trioxide complexes (e.g., Me3NSO3) with organolithium compounds. Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid…

organosulfur compound: Other sulfinyl and sulfonyl compounds: In sulfoxides, R―S(=O)―R′, and sulfones, R―S(=O)2―R′, groups R and R′ both contain a carbon atom bonded to sulfur. A variety of other organosulfur compounds are known of types R―S(=O)―X, Y―S(=O)―X, R―S(=O)2―X, and Y―S(=O)2―X, in which X and Y are elements other than carbon—e.g.,…

organosulfur compound: Other sulfinyl and sulfonyl compounds: Sulfonylureas, RSO2NHC(O)NRR′, which are widely used herbicides, inhibit acetolactic synthase, a key plant enzyme. Anticlotting medical plastics have been prepared containing sulfonated polymers that bind heparin, a natural polysulfate. Sulfonamides, RSO2NH2, played an important role in the development of certain medicines. Sulfanilamide,

organosulfur compound: Occurrence and preparation: …isolated from natural sources, including sulforaphane (CH3S(O)(CH2)4NCS) from broccoli, reported to inhibit tumour growth, and zwiebelanes from onion extracts. DMSO is widely found at levels of three parts per million (ppm) or less and is a common component of natural waters, including seawater. Along with dimethyl sulfone, DMSO may be…

sulfosalt, any of an extensive group of minerals, mostly rare species, marked by some of the most complicated atomic and crystal structures known to inorganic chemistry. They conform to the general composition AmBnXp, in which m, n, and p are integers; A may be lead, silver, thallium, or copper; B

sulfoxide, any of a class of organic compounds containing sulfur and oxygen and having the general formula (RR′) SO, in which R and R′ are a grouping of carbon and hydrogen atoms. The sulfoxides are good solvents for salts and polar compounds. The best-known sulfoxide is dimethyl (or methyl)

sulfur (S), nonmetallic chemical element belonging to the oxygen group (Group 16 [VIa] of the periodic table), one of the most reactive of the elements. Pure sulfur is a tasteless, odourless, brittle solid that is pale yellow in colour, a poor conductor of electricity, and insoluble in water. It

sulfur bacterium, any of a diverse group of microorganisms capable of metabolizing sulfur and its compounds and important in the sulfur cycle (q.v.) in nature. Some of the common sulfur substances that are used by these bacteria as an energy source are hydrogen sulfide (H2S), sulfur, and

sulfur bacterium, any of a diverse group of microorganisms capable of metabolizing sulfur and its compounds and important in the sulfur cycle (q.v.) in nature. Some of the common sulfur substances that are used by these bacteria as an energy source are hydrogen sulfide (H2S), sulfur, and

sulfur cycle, circulation of sulfur in various forms through nature. Sulfur occurs in all living matter as a component of certain amino acids. It is abundant in the soil in proteins and, through a series of microbial transformations, ends up as sulfates usable by plants. Sulfur-containing proteins

sulfur butterfly, (subfamily Coliadinae), any of a group of butterflies in the family Pieridae (order Lepidoptera) that are bright yellow or orange and have a wingspan of 35 to 60 mm (1.5 to 2.5 inches). Sexual and seasonal dimorphism in pattern and colour occur in many species. The pupae are

organosulfur compound, a subclass of organic substances that contain sulfur and that are known for their varied occurrence and unusual properties. They are found in diverse locations, including in interstellar space, inside hot acidic volcanoes, and deep within the oceans. Organosulfur compounds

sulfur cycle, circulation of sulfur in various forms through nature. Sulfur occurs in all living matter as a component of certain amino acids. It is abundant in the soil in proteins and, through a series of microbial transformations, ends up as sulfates usable by plants. Sulfur-containing proteins

organosulfur compound: Preparation: …the reaction of ethylene with sulfur dichloride to form bis(β-chloroethyl) sulfide, known as sulfur mustard, or mustard gas, a blister-forming (vesicant) chemical warfare agent. This reaction has been applied to the synthesis of cyclic and bicyclic dichlorosulfides as well.

sulfur dioxide, (SO2), inorganic compound, a heavy, colorless, poisonous gas. It is produced in huge quantities in intermediate steps of sulfuric acid manufacture. Sulfur dioxide has a pungent, irritating odor, familiar as the smell of a just-struck match. Occurring in nature in volcanic gases and

rubber: The cure package: …are sulfur compounds known as sulfur donors—e.g., tetramethylthiuram disulfide—which introduce monosulfide interlinks between polymer molecules, and peroxides, notably dicumyl peroxide. Peroxides decompose on heating to form radicals, which abstract hydrogen from groups on the polymer molecules. Carbon radicals formed in this way on different molecules then combine to create carbon-carbon…

sulfur dye, any of a group of sulfur-containing, complex synthetic organic dyes applied from an alkaline solution of sodium sulfide (in which they dissolve) to cellulose, where they become substantive to the fibre. On exposure to air, the dyes in the fibre are oxidized back to their original

sulfur oxide: …solid that decomposes slowly to sulfur and sulfur dioxide. The sesquioxide, formed by dissolving sulfur in liquid sulfur trioxide, is a blue-green solid stable only below 15° C (59° F). The heptoxide and the tetroxide, unstable compounds that melt at about 0° C (32° F), are formed by an electric…

sulfur: Compounds: …most useful of which is sulfur hexafluoride, SF6, a gas employed as an insulator in various electrical devices. Sulfur also forms oxyhalides, in which the sulfur atom is bonded to both oxygen and halogen atoms. When such compounds are named, the term thionyl is used to designate those containing the…

sulfur oxide: Other oxides of sulfur include the monoxide (SO), sesquioxide (S2O3), heptoxide (S2O7), and tetroxide (SO4). The monoxide is formed as an unstable colourless gas by an electric discharge in a mixture of sulfur dioxide and sulfur vapour at low pressure; upon cooling, it condenses to an orange-red solid…

Polyporales: The sulfur mushroom, P. (Laetiporus) sulphureus, a common shelflike fungus that grows on dead wood, derives its name from its sulfur-yellow colour; only the younger portions of the fruiting body are edible.