Swati Tirunal was the maharaja of Travancore and one of the best-known musicians in the South Indian Karnatak music tradition. Swati Tirunal was anointed the ruler of Travancore at age 16, and he became known for his extensive patronage of the arts. He spoke and wrote poetry in several languages,

Shantou, city in eastern Guangdong sheng (province), southern China. It lies on the coast of the South China Sea a short distance west of the mouth of the Han River, which, with its tributary, the Mei River, drains most of eastern Guangdong. The Han forms a delta, and Shantou is on an inlet that

Shantou wares, various types of porcelain produced mostly in Fujian province, southeastern China, during the 16th and 17th centuries. Most pieces were exported to Japan, Southeast Asia, India, and the Middle East; some went to the European market. At one time it was believed that this porcelain was

rocket and missile system: Antitank and guided assault: …with the AT-1 Snapper, the AT-2 Swatter, and the AT-3 Sagger. The Sagger, a relatively small missile designed for infantry use on the lines of the original German concept, saw use in Vietnam and was used with conspicuous success by Egyptian infantry in the Suez Canal crossing of the 1973…

ship: Ship motions in response to the sea: …about a vertical axis) and sway (sideways motion). More generally, motions are possible in all six degrees of freedom, the other four being roll (rotation about a longitudinal axis), pitch (rotation about a transverse axis), heave (vertical motion), and surge (longitudinal motion superimposed on the steady propulsive motion). All six…

Adoor Gopalakrishnan: His debut feature film, Swayamvaram (1972; “One’s Own Choice”), which won him the National Award for best film, deals with the complexities of living in an urban milieu, portraying the protagonist’s struggle to maintain a meaningful relationship with his wife while battling poverty. The movie also garnered him the…

Noah H. Swayne was an associate justice of the United States Supreme Court (1862–81). Swayne chose the law after briefly studying medicine and was admitted to the bar in 1823. He immediately moved from Virginia to Ohio because of his antislavery views and set up a successful practice at Coshocton.

Noah H. Swayne was an associate justice of the United States Supreme Court (1862–81). Swayne chose the law after briefly studying medicine and was admitted to the bar in 1823. He immediately moved from Virginia to Ohio because of his antislavery views and set up a successful practice at Coshocton.

Patrick Swayze was an American actor and dancer who was perhaps best known for his performances in Dirty Dancing (1987) and Ghost (1990). Swayze took lessons at his mother’s Houston dance studio and later studied at the Harkness and Joffrey Ballet schools in New York City. He began his professional

KaNgwane, former nonindependent Bantustan, eastern Transvaal, South Africa. It was created as a homeland for those Swazi people not residing in Swaziland. KaNgwane (and the independent nation of Swaziland) was the traditional homeland of the Swazi, who were organized into a kingdom in the early

Swazi, Bantu-speaking people inhabiting the tree-studded grasslands of Swaziland, the neighbouring Mpumalanga province of South Africa, and Mozambique. The Swazi, who are chiefly agriculturists and pastoralists, numbered about 1,810,000 in the late 20th century. The language of the Swazi, called

Eswatini: Government: In addition, there is the Swazi National Council, which advises the king on all matters regulated by Swazi Law and Custom and connected with Swazi traditions and culture. Eswatini’s legislature is bicameral. The House of Assembly comprises 65 members, of whom 55 are elected by popular vote and 10 are…

Eswatini, landlocked country in the eastern flank of South Africa, where it adjoins Mozambique. It extends about 110 miles (175 km) from north to south and about 80 miles (130 km) from west to east at its largest dimensions. In the colonial era, as a protectorate, and later as an independent

Swaziland System, major division of rocks and time in southern Africa in Precambrian Time (3.96 billion to 540 million years ago). The system consists of a great thickness of sedimentary and metamorphic (altered) rocks with numerous intrusions of igneous bodies. Two major subdivisions of the

national flag consisting of horizontal stripes of blue, yellow, crimson, yellow, and blue, with a Swazi shield and weapons in the centre. The flag’s width-to-length ratio is 2 to 3.The Swazi, famed as warriors, have a traditional shield that is made of black-and-white ox hide stretched over a

Eswatini, landlocked country in the eastern flank of South Africa, where it adjoins Mozambique. It extends about 110 miles (175 km) from north to south and about 80 miles (130 km) from west to east at its largest dimensions. In the colonial era, as a protectorate, and later as an independent

profanity, language that is considered socially offensive due to being vulgar, obscene, or irreverent. The term profanity is often used in a religious sense to refer to language that is blasphemous, sacrilegious, or sometimes merely secular. In a broader sense, profanity is often referred to as

Gerard Terborch: The masterpiece of this period, The Swearing of the Oath of Ratification of the Treaty of Münster (1648), portrays the delegates of Holland and of Spain assembled to sign the peace treaty. After a stay in Madrid he finally returned to his own country at the end of 1650, and…

sweat, the moisture excreted in visible quantities through the openings of the sweat glands. See

sweat bee, (family Halictidae), large family of nearly 4,500 species of bees known for their attraction to human perspiration. Sweat bees are widespread and can be found on every continent on Earth except Antarctica. Like most bees, sweat bees do not produce honey, and they do not sting unless

sweat gland, either of two types of secretory skin glands occurring only in mammals. The eccrine sweat gland, which is controlled by the sympathetic nervous system, regulates body temperature. When internal temperature rises, the eccrine glands secrete water to the skin surface, where heat is

cystic fibrosis: Signs and symptoms: Cystic fibrosis causes the sweat glands to produce sweat that has an abnormally high salt content. The high salt content in perspiration is the basis for the “sweat test,” which is the definitive diagnostic test for the presence of cystic fibrosis. Mutations associated with cystic fibrosis can be detected…

chuck-a-luck, dice game of medieval origin that is related to grand hazard. It is played with three dice and a layout numbered from one to six upon which the players place their bets. The banker then rolls the dice by turning over an hourglass-shaped wire cage in which they are contained. The

sweater, outer garment, usually knitted or crocheted, that is worn on the upper part of the body, either pulled over the head or buttoned down the front or back. Although hand knitting of wool had been practiced for about 2,000 years, it was not until the 15th century that the first knitted shirts

sweatshop, workplace in which workers are employed at low wages and under unhealthy or oppressive conditions. In England, the word sweater was used as early as 1850 to describe an employer who exacted monotonous work for very low wages. “Sweating” became widespread in the 1880s, when immigrants

perspiration, in most mammals, water given off by the intact skin, either as vapour by simple evaporation from the epidermis (insensible perspiration) or as sweat, a form of cooling in which liquid actively secreted from sweat glands evaporates from the body surface. Sweat glands, although found in

sweating sickness, a disease of unknown cause that appeared in England as an epidemic on five occasions—in 1485, 1508, 1517, 1528, and 1551. It was confined to England, except in 1528–29, when it spread to the European continent, appearing in Hamburg and passing northward to Scandinavia and

sweatshop, workplace in which workers are employed at low wages and under unhealthy or oppressive conditions. In England, the word sweater was used as early as 1850 to describe an employer who exacted monotonous work for very low wages. “Sweating” became widespread in the 1880s, when immigrants

Yiddish literature: Writers in New York: …group has been called the Sweatshop Poets, because they responded to the plight of working people. Their poetry represented a range of socialist and revolutionary ideas. Morris Winchevsky (pseudonym of Ben-Zion Novakhovitsh) was born in Lithuania, moved to Königsberg, Germany [now Kaliningrad, Russia], in 1877, and began to publish poems,…

Brown v. Board of Education: Decision: …the Supreme Court’s rulings in Sweatt v. Painter (1950) and McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education (1950), which recognized “intangible” inequalities between African American and all-white schools at the graduate level, Warren held that such inequalities also existed between the schools in the case before him, despite their…

Emanuel Swedenborg was a Swedish scientist, Christian mystic, philosopher, and theologian who wrote voluminously in interpreting the Scriptures as the immediate word of God. Soon after his death, devoted followers created Swedenborgian societies dedicated to the study of his thought. These

Swedish literature: The 17th century: …the bishops Haquin Spegel and Jesper Swedberg, the latter the father of the Swedish mystic Emanuel Swedenborg. Spegel contributed to Swedberg’s new hymnbook of 1695, which became the poetry book of the Swedish people and was of lasting influence. Even the lyric poet Lucidor (pseudonym of Lars Johansson) was represented…

Sweden: Ethnic groups: …groups of immigrants have influenced Swedish culture through the centuries, the population historically has been unusually homogeneous in ethnic stock, language, and religion. It is only since World War II that notable change has occurred in the ethnic pattern. From 1970 to the early 1990s, net immigration accounted for about…

rutabaga, (Brassica napus, variety napobrassica), root vegetable in the mustard family (Brassicaceae), cultivated for its fleshy roots and edible leaves. Rutabagas likely originated as a cross between turnips (Brassica rapa, variety rapa) and wild cabbage (Brassica oleracea) and are thought to have

Sweden, country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in northern Europe. The name Sweden was derived from the Svear, or Suiones, a people mentioned as early as 98 ce by the Roman author Tacitus. The country’s ancient name was Svithiod. Stockholm has been the permanent capital since 1523. Sweden

Sweden: Political process: …the growing influence of the Sweden Democrats, a right-wing anti-immigration party that was founded in 1988 but did not pass the threshold for representation in the Riksdag until 2010, when it took 5.7 percent of the vote. The party increased its share of the national vote to about 13 percent…

Church of Sweden, church of Sweden that, until 2000, was supported by the state; it changed from the Roman Catholic to the Lutheran faith during the 16th-century Protestant Reformation. During the 9th century the Swedish people had gradually begun to accept Christianity. The first Christian

national flag consisting of a yellow cross extending through a blue field. The flag has a width-to-length ratio of 5 to 8.In the 14th century the Folkung dynasty used a shield of blue and white wavy diagonal stripes with a gold lion superimposed. The state coat of arms of Sweden, which also dates

history of Sweden, a survey of the important events and people in the history of Sweden from the time of its settlement. Sweden occupies the greater part of the Scandinavian Peninsula in northern Europe. It has a 1,000-year-long continuous history as a sovereign state, but its territorial expanse

Sweden, country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in northern Europe. The name Sweden was derived from the Svear, or Suiones, a people mentioned as early as 98 ce by the Roman author Tacitus. The country’s ancient name was Svithiod. Stockholm has been the permanent capital since 1523. Sweden

Emanuel Swedenborg was a Swedish scientist, Christian mystic, philosopher, and theologian who wrote voluminously in interpreting the Scriptures as the immediate word of God. Soon after his death, devoted followers created Swedenborgian societies dedicated to the study of his thought. These

New Thought: Origins of New Thought: …a Methodist and then a Swedenborgian minister (a leader of a theosophical movement based on the teachings of the 18th-century Swedish scientist and theologian Emanuel Swedenborg), who published a number of works exploring and systematizing Quimby’s ideas, including Mental Cure (1869), Mental Medicine (1872), and Soul and Body (1876). Other…

New Church, church organized in the General Conference of the New Church, the General Convention of the New Jerusalem in the U.S.A., and the General Church of the New Jerusalem. Its members are followers of the theology of Emanuel Swedenborg, the 18th-century Swedish scientist, philosopher, and

Sweden: Ethnic groups: …groups of immigrants have influenced Swedish culture through the centuries, the population historically has been unusually homogeneous in ethnic stock, language, and religion. It is only since World War II that notable change has occurred in the ethnic pattern. From 1970 to the early 1990s, net immigration accounted for about…

Swedish Academy, Swedish organization devoted to the preservation and elevation of the Swedish language and its literature. The academy awards various literary prizes, including the Nobel Prize for Literature. The academy was founded by King Gustav III on April 5, 1786, in Stockholm. The goal of

Baptist General Conference: He established the first Swedish Baptist Church in Rock Island, Ill., that same year. Palmquist and other Swedish Baptists worked in several Midwestern states among Swedish immigrants. The movement received assistance from the American Baptist Home Mission Society and the American Baptist Publication Society for several years, until the…

Baptist General Conference, conservative Baptist denomination that was organized in 1879 as the Swedish Baptist General Conference of America; the present name was adopted in 1945. It developed from the work of Gustaf Palmquist, a Swedish immigrant schoolteacher and lay preacher who became a

biblical literature: Scandinavian versions: …Gustaf V to become the Swedish church Bible.

Sweden: Civil wars: Erik’s son Knut killed Sverker’s son (1167) and was accepted as king of the entire country. Knut organized the currency system, worked for the organization of the church, and established a fortress on the site of Stockholm. After his death in 1196, members…

Sweden: The Kalmar Union: …to accept this compromise, and war broke out between the two countries. In 1457 the noble opposition, led by Archbishop Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna, rebelled against Charles, who fled to Danzig. Oxenstierna and Erik Axelsson Tott, a Danish noble, became the regents, and Christian was hailed as king of Sweden. Christian…

clover: repens), and alsike clover (T. hybridum). Red clover, a biennial, or short-lived perennial, bears an oval purplish flower head about 2.5 cm (1 inch) in diameter. White clover, a low creeping perennial, is often used in lawn-grass mixtures and bears a white flower head often tinged with…

Scandinavian law: Historical development of Scandinavian law: Thus, King Magnus’ Swedish code (1350) abolished private vengeance, declaring that the king’s officials should initiate criminal proceedings and provide for the punishment of wrongdoers. Furthermore, presumably under the influence of Christianity, legal provisions were introduced to assist paupers and the helpless. Rules concerning landed property (e.g., the…

Western architecture: Colonial architecture in North America: (3) The Swedish colonial settlement, established in 1638 along the lower Delaware River, was of short duration but contributed the log cabin (in the sense of a structure with round logs, notched at the corners and with protruding ends) to American architecture. (4) The Pennsylvania colonial style…

Sweden: The era of Gustav III: In 1731 the Swedish East India Company was founded, which was extremely successful until it was forced out of business during the Napoleonic Wars. The capital produced by the East India Company and other commercial enterprises formed the basis for a rapid growth of manufacturing enterprises, such as…

Swedish Enlightenment, period of rich development in Swedish literature during the second half of the 18th century in which Neoclassicism reached its highest expression and gradually graded into Romanticism. It was a local embodiment of the broader European Enlightenment. The activity of the

Sweden: Labour and taxation: …private-sector employers belong to the Confederation of Swedish Enterprise, which was formed in 2001 after the merger of the Swedish Employers Confederation and the Federation of Swedish Industries.

film: Preservation of film: …earliest film archive was the Swedish Film History Collection begun in 1933. Archives in Paris, London, and New York City followed shortly afterward. An international federation (FIAF; Fédération Internationale des Archives du Film), with headquarters in Paris, was founded in 1938.

Svensk Filmindustri, oldest and one of the most important Swedish motion-picture studios, as well as a major film distributor and exhibitor. Formed in 1919 by the merger of Svenska Biografteatern and Filmindustribolaget Skandia, Svensk Filmindustri initially produced pictures for international

Pilea: …of several basket plants called creeping charlie, or Swedish ivy, is P. nummulariifolia, with small, round, quilted leaves and a vigorous trailing habit. Giant baby tears, or depressed clearweed (P. depressa), of similar habit, has small, smooth green leaves.

Swedish language, the official language of Sweden and, with Finnish, one of the two national languages of Finland. Swedish belongs to the East Scandinavian group of North Germanic languages. Until World War II, it was also spoken in parts of Estonia and Latvia. Swedish was spoken by about eight

Swedish literature, the body of writings produced in the Swedish language within Sweden’s modern-day geographic and political boundaries. The literatures of Sweden and Finland, considered Scandinavian literature, are closely linked. From the mid-12th century until 1809, Finland was ruled by Sweden,

gastronomy: Scandinavian: Swedish pancakes are popular and are served with lingonberries or fruit preserves.

tunnels and underground excavations: Shotcrete: …in progress, utilizing the “Swedish robot,” which allows the operator to remain under the protection of the previously supported roof. On the Vancouver tunnel, shotcrete was applied from a platform extending forward from the jumbo while the mucking machine operated below. By taking advantage of several unique properties of…

Swedish Social Democratic Party (SAP), socialist political party in Sweden, the country’s oldest existing political party. From its founding in 1889, the SAP has been committed to the creation of an egalitarian society. It has led Sweden’s government for most of the period since 1932. The SAP

Swedish Social Democratic Party (SAP), socialist political party in Sweden, the country’s oldest existing political party. From its founding in 1889, the SAP has been committed to the creation of an egalitarian society. It has led Sweden’s government for most of the period since 1932. The SAP

Arne Borg was a Swedish athlete, one of the dominant swimmers of the 1920s. Between 1921 and 1929 Borg set 32 world records in swimming. He was the winner of two silver medals and a bronze medal at the 1924 Olympics in Paris and a gold and a bronze medal at the 1928 Games in Amsterdam. At the 1924

rutabaga, (Brassica napus, variety napobrassica), root vegetable in the mustard family (Brassicaceae), cultivated for its fleshy roots and edible leaves. Rutabagas likely originated as a cross between turnips (Brassica rapa, variety rapa) and wild cabbage (Brassica oleracea) and are thought to have

Oscar Montelius: …controversial is his theory, the “Swedish typology,” suggesting that material culture and biological life develop through essentially the same kind of evolutionary process. His main works include Om tidsbestämming inom Bronsåldern (1885; “On Determining the Periods Within the Bronze Age”), The Civilization of Sweden in Heathen Times (1888), and Die…

Sweden: Political conflict: A civil war broke out, and in 1517 a meeting of the estates in Stockholm declared Trolle removed from his position. Despite military assistance from Christian II, Trolle was imprisoned. After a defeat by the Swedes, Christian began negotiations and took six noblemen, among them Gustav…

Sweden: Warfare through the mid-17th century: …changed, and in a short war with Denmark (1643–45) Sweden demonstrated its military superiority and established its position as the dominant power in the Baltic region. During the reign of Queen Christina (ruled 1644–54), the transfer of crown property to the nobility, which had begun as an instrument to finance…

Poland: Sigismund III Vasa: …Poland in a series of wars with Sweden. Although one of Lithuania’s great military commanders, Jan Karol Chodkiewicz, triumphed at Kirchholm (1605), and the Gdańsk-based navy defeated the Swedish fleet near Oliwa (1627), the truce that followed was inconclusive. The same was true for most settlements in foreign and domestic…

Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck was a Dutch organist and composer, one of the principal figures in the development of organ music before J.S. Bach. Sweelinck succeeded his father as organist of the Oude Kerk (Old Church), Amsterdam, in about 1580 and remained in this post until his death. Apparently he

Sweeney Agonistes, poetic drama in two scenes by T.S. Eliot, published in two parts in the New Criterion, as “Fragment of a Prologue” (October 1926) and “Fragment of an Agon” (January 1927), and together in book form as Sweeney Agonistes: Fragments of an Aristophanic Melodrama (1932). Although not

Tim Burton: …subsequently reteamed with Burton on Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007), based on Stephen Sondheim’s musical; Alice in Wonderland (2010), a special-effects-enhanced adaptation of the Lewis Carroll story; and Dark Shadows (2012), a comedic interpretation of a cult-favourite soap opera from the 1960s.

Stephen Sondheim: …a Summer Night (1955); and Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (1979; film 2007), a macabre tale set in Victorian-era London. All were either produced or directed by Harold Prince, as were Pacific Overtures (1976), in which Sondheim looked to Japanese Kabuki theater for stylized effects, and Merrily

Fred Brooks: Together with Dura Sweeney, Brooks invented the computer’s interrupt system, which is used to recognize different computing “events” that require immediate attention and to synchronize the activities of multiple programs or input/output devices. Brooks also managed the development of the IBM OS/360 operating system and its associated…

John Sweeney was an American labour leader who served as president of the American Federation of Labor–Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO) from 1995 to 2009. Sweeney’s parents were Irish immigrants. His mother was a domestic worker, and his father, a bus driver, was a member of the

Sydney Sweeney is an American actress who rose to prominence in roles on the teen drama television series Euphoria (2019– ) and the first season (2021) of the acclaimed anthology series The White Lotus, and in films such as director Quentin Tarantino’s comedy-drama Once Upon a Time in Hollywood

Sydney Sweeney is an American actress who rose to prominence in roles on the teen drama television series Euphoria (2019– ) and the first season (2021) of the acclaimed anthology series The White Lotus, and in films such as director Quentin Tarantino’s comedy-drama Once Upon a Time in Hollywood

agricultural technology: Secondary tillage: …for subsurface tillage consists of sweeps and rod weeders. Sweeps are V-shaped knives drawn below the surface with cutting planes horizontal. A mounted set of sweeps provided with power lift and depth regulation is often called a field cultivator.

sweeper, any of the fishes of the genera Parapriacanthus or Pempheris, in the family Pempheridae (order Perciformes), all of which occur in marine or brackish waters in the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian oceans. Sweepers have elongate-oval, compressed bodies with well-developed fins and tail. The

Wellesley Islands: Bentinck (59 square miles) and Sweers (6 square miles) are the largest of the southern islands.

candy, sweet food product, the main constituent of which generally is sugar. The application of the terms candy and confectionery varies among English-speaking countries. In the United States candy refers to both chocolate products and sugar-based confections; elsewhere “chocolate confectionery”

chemoreception: Taste: …of taste are usually recognized: sweet, salt, sour, bitter, and umami. But this is an anthropocentric view of a system that has evolved to give animals information about the nutrient content and the potential dangers of the foods they eat. The major nutrient requirements of all animals are carbohydrates, which…

acacia: Major species: Sweet acacia (V. farnesiana, formerly A. farnesiana) is native to the southwestern United States.

Mervyn LeRoy: At Warner Brothers in the 1930s: Little Caesar, I Am a Fugitive from a Chain Gang, and Gold Diggers of 1933: Sweet Adeline (1934), a period musical, starred Irene Dunne as a Hoboken beer-garden singer and was awash in Jerome Kern and Oscar Hammerstein II songs. In the comedy Page Miss Glory (1935), Marion Davies starred as a chambermaid who happens to resemble a composite photo…

barbershop quartet singing: …for women, Sweet Adelines (now Sweet Adelines International), was founded on July 13, 1945, also in Tulsa. In the early 21st century the group had members on five continents, including more than 1,200 quartets and 600 choruses. It also holds an annual convention and contests. It publishes a quarterly magazine,…

barbershop quartet singing: …for women, Sweet Adelines (now Sweet Adelines International), was founded on July 13, 1945, also in Tulsa. In the early 21st century the group had members on five continents, including more than 1,200 quartets and 600 choruses. It also holds an annual convention and contests. It publishes a quarterly magazine,…

sweet alyssum, (Lobularia maritima), annual or short-lived perennial herb of the mustard family (Brassicaceae). It is native to the Mediterranean region. Sweet alyssum is widely grown as a border ornamental for its fragrant clusters of small flowers. Sweet alyssum has white four-petaled flowers;

almond: Sweet almonds and bitter almonds: There are two varieties: sweet almond (P. dulcis, variety dulcis) and bitter almond (P. dulcis, variety amara). Sweet almonds are the familiar edible type consumed as nuts and used in cooking or as a source of almond oil or almond meal. The oil of bitter almonds is used in…

sweet alyssum, (Lobularia maritima), annual or short-lived perennial herb of the mustard family (Brassicaceae). It is native to the Mediterranean region. Sweet alyssum is widely grown as a border ornamental for its fragrant clusters of small flowers. Sweet alyssum has white four-petaled flowers;

Woody Allen: The 1990s and sexual-abuse allegations: In the more-focused Sweet and Lowdown (1999) Sean Penn turned in a memorable performance as a mythic 1930s jazz guitarist.

Nuruddin Farah: He next wrote a trilogy—Sweet and Sour Milk (1979), Sardines (1981), and Close Sesame (1983)—about life under a particularly African dictatorship, in which ideological slogans barely disguise an almost surreal society and human ties have been severed by dread and terror.

azalea: Major species: …North American kinds include the smooth, or sweet, azalea (R. arborescens), a fragrant white-flowering shrub 3 to 6 metres (about 10 to 20 feet) high; the flame azalea (R. calendulaceum), a shrub 0.5 to 2 metres (1.5 to 6.5 feet) high; and the pinxter flower (R. periclymenoides), a shrub 1…

Carole King: …and singing on the album Sweet Baby James (1970) and accompanying him on tour. Taylor’s version of King’s song “You’ve Got a Friend” eventually became a hit in the United States. With his encouragement, King fostered her own ability to perform solo, and her debut album, Writer, was released in…

basil, (Ocimum basilicum), annual herb of the mint family (Lamiaceae), grown for its aromatic leaves. Basil is likely native to India and is widely grown as a kitchen herb. The leaves are used fresh or dried to flavour meats, fish, salads, and sauces; basil tea is a stimulant. Basil leaves are

bay tree, any of several trees with aromatic leaves, especially the sweet bay, or bay laurel (Laurus nobilis; family Lauraceae), source of the bay leaf used in cooking. Native to the Mediterranean region, sweet bay is an attractive evergreen tree that can reach as many as 18 metres (60 feet) in

magnolia: Major species: …evergreen with thick shining leaves; sweet bay (M. virginiana), 19 metres (62 feet) tall with leathery leaves; big-leaf magnolia (M. macrophylla), 15 metres (50 feet) tall with purple-based blooms; umbrella tree (M. tripetala), 12 metres (40 feet) tall with leaves 60 cm (2 feet) long that are sometimes used as…

sweet birch, (Betula lenta), North American ornamental and timber tree in the family Betulaceae. Usually about 18 metres (60 feet) tall, the tree may reach 24 metres (79 feet) or more in the southern Appalachians; on poor soil it may be stunted and shrublike. See also birch. The smooth, shiny,

Richard Brooks: Heyday: …Brooks reteamed with Newman on Sweet Bird of Youth, another adaptation of a Williams play that proved not as potent as the stage version. It featured notable performances by Geraldine Page, Shirley Knight, and Ed Begley, who won an Oscar.