Henryk Górecki: …recording in 1992 of his Symphony No. 3: Symphony of Sorrowful Songs performed by soprano Dawn Upshaw and the London Sinfonietta, conducted by David Zinman. The album sold more than half a million copies worldwide at a time when the average classical album typically sold about 15,000 copies. Suddenly Górecki,…

Sir Lennox Berkeley: …including Sonatina (1962) and his Symphony No. 4 (1978), use atonality.

Gustav Mahler: Musical works: middle period: 4 (1900; popularly called Ode to Heavenly Joy), which is more of a pendant to the first period: conceived in six movements (two of which were eventually discarded), it has a Wunderhorn song finale for soprano, which was originally intended as a movement for Symphony No. 3 and which…

Italian Symphony, orchestral work by German composer Felix Mendelssohn, so named because it was intended to evoke the sights and sounds of Italy. Its final movement, which is among the most strongly dramatic music the composer ever wrote, even uses the rhythms of Neapolitan dances. The symphony

Franz Schubert: Early life and career: There were two more symphonies: No. 4 in C Minor, which Schubert himself named the Tragic (1816), and the popular No. 5 in B-flat Major (1816). A fourth mass, in C major, was composed in 1816. The year 1817 is notable for the beginning of his masterly series of piano…

symphony: Bruckner and Brahms: …in the finale of the Symphony No. 4 in E Minor (1884–85), an extended chaconne, or set of variations over an (eight-bar) repeated bass melody. This movement is almost Baroque; and elsewhere in the work Brahms employs Baroque contrapuntal techniques, chromatic labyrinths, and modal melody that hovers between major and…

Symphony No. 4 in E-flat Major, symphony by Austrian composer Anton Bruckner that premiered in Vienna on February 20, 1881. The byname, approved by the composer himself, refers to the work’s ambitious scope—it is over an hour in length—and to its grand emotional gestures. It was the first of

Symphony No. 4 in F Minor, Op. 36, orchestral work by Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky that, as the composer explained in letters, is ultimately a characterization of the nature of fate. The work premiered in Moscow on February 10, 1878, according to the Old Style (Julian) calendar, which

Symphony No. 4, Op. 29, symphony for orchestra by Danish composer Carl Nielsen in which he set out to capture in music the idea of an “inextinguishable” life force that runs through all creation. The work premiered on February 1, 1916. In a letter to a friend, Nielsen stated that in this symphony

Symphony No. 40 in G Minor, K. 550, symphony by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, sometimes known as the Great G Minor Symphony. Composed in the summer of 1788, it was finished at about the same time as his Symphony No. 39 and Symphony No. 41, marking a period of productivity exceptional even by Mozart’s

Jupiter Symphony, orchestral work by Austrian composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, known for its good humour, exuberant energy, and unusually grand scale for a symphony of the Classical period. These qualities likely earned the symphony its nickname “Jupiter”—for the chief god of the ancient Roman

Anton Bruckner: Works and achievement.: The Symphony No. 5 in B-flat Major (1875–76) perfected the mould, which Bruckner pursued in three more complete symphonies and an unfinished one.

Symphony No. 5 in C Minor, Op. 67, orchestral work by German composer Ludwig van Beethoven, widely recognized by the ominous four-note opening motif—often interpreted as the musical manifestation of “fate knocking at the door”—that recurs in various guises throughout the composition. The symphony

Symphony No. 5 in C-Sharp Minor, symphony by Gustav Mahler. Premiering October 18, 1904, in Cologne, the work’s ultimately optimistic colors may have been influenced by the composer’s marriage in 1902 to artistically gifted Alma Schindler. Its gentle fourth movement (Adagietto), often performed

Symphony No. 5 in D Minor, Op. 47, symphony by Dmitry Shostakovich that was his attempt to regain official approval after his work had been condemned by Joseph Stalin. Symphony No. 5 premiered November 21, 1937, in Leningrad (now St. Petersburg, Russia). The work is dark, dramatic, and ultimately

Symphony No. 5 in E-flat Major, Op. 82, symphony for orchestra in three movements by Finnish composer Jean Sibelius, one of his most popular symphonies. The work premiered on December 8, 1915, on the occasion of the composer’s 50th birthday, which had been designated a national holiday in Finland.

Hans Werner Henze: His Symphony No. 6 for two chamber orchestras (1969) drew on both serialism and elements of traditional tonality utilizing microtonal intervals (smaller than a semitone), amplified instruments, and a large percussion section; it is representative of his works of the 1960s and early 1970s.

Gustav Mahler: Musical works: middle period: …work Mahler regarded as his Tragic Symphony—the four-movement No. 6 in A Minor (1904), which moves out of darkness only with difficulty, and then back into total night. From these three symphonies onward, he ceased to adapt his songs as whole sections or movements, but in each he introduced subtle…

Pathétique Symphony, final composition by Peter Tchaikovsky. Called the “Passionate Symphony” by the composer, from the Russian patetitcheskaja, meaning “passionate” or “emotional,” it was mistranslated into French after his death, earning the title by which it became henceforth known, Pathétique

Symphony No. 6 in F Major, symphony by Ludwig van Beethoven. Premiering in Vienna December 22, 1808, on the same concert that offered the premiere of his Symphony No. 5, this work is distinct from that one in part due to its generally optimistic character, but also by the presence of a sequence of

Gustav Mahler: Musical works: middle period: 7 (1905; popularly called Song of the Night) move from darkness to light, though the light seems not the illumination of any afterlife but the sheer exhilaration of life on Earth. Both symphonies have five movements. Between them stands the work Mahler regarded as his Tragic Symphony—the four-movement No.…

Symphony No. 7 in A Major, Op. 92, symphony by Ludwig van Beethoven. Premiering in Vienna on December 8, 1813, the work is considered a notable example of the more ebullient side of Beethoven’s compositional personality and evidence that even after the onset of deafness, he yet found cause for

Antonín Dvořák: Works of Antonín Dvořák: …quality, though only the sombre Symphony No. 7 in D Minor (1885) is as satisfactory in its symphonic structure as it is musically. (It should be explained that Dvořák’s mature symphonies were long known as No. 1 to 5, even though he had written four earlier [and unnumbered] ones. All…

symphony: Bruckner and Brahms: Symphony No. 7 in E Major (1881–83, rev. 1885), well received at first hearing, is Wagnerian in orchestration (Wagner tubas play in the adagio) and makes use of contrapuntal techniques developed in the Renaissance. In the last two symphonies the adagio movements occur after the…

Symphony No. 8 in E-Flat Major, symphony by Gustav Mahler, known as “Symphony of a Thousand” for the great number of performers required, vastly more than were needed for any other symphony to that time. The work premiered September 12, 1910, in Munich to thoroughly favorable notice. With its

symphony: Beethoven: …first three movements of the Symphony No. 8 in F Major (1812) leaves one unprepared for its breathtaking finale. Its minuet is a subtle parody of the Classical minuet of Mozart and Haydn.

Gustav Mahler: Musical works: last period: …The Song of the Earth), Symphony No. 9 (1910), and Symphony No. 10 in F Sharp Major, left unfinished in the form of a comprehensive full-length sketch (though a full-length performing version has been made posthumously). The first of the three again revealed Mahler’s superstition: beginning as a song cycle…

Symphony No. 9 in C Major, symphony and last major orchestral work by Austrian composer Franz Schubert. It premiered on March 21, 1839, more than a decade after its composer’s death. Schubert began his Symphony No. 9 in the summer of 1825 and continued to work on it over the next two years. In 1828

Symphony No. 9 in D Minor, Op. 125, orchestral work in four movements by Ludwig van Beethoven, remarkable in its day not only for its grandness of scale but especially for its final movement, which includes a full chorus and vocal soloists who sing a setting of Friedrich Schiller’s poem “An die

New World Symphony, orchestral work by Bohemian composer Antonín Dvořák, a major milestone in the validation of American—or “New World”—music and lore as source material for classical composition. Written while Dvořák was living and working in New York City, the symphony purportedly incorporated

Surprise Symphony, orchestral work by Austrian composer Joseph Haydn, so named for the “surprise”—a startlingly loud chord—that interrupts the otherwise soft and gentle flow of the second movement. The distinctive feature did not appear in the original score. Rather, it was added by the composer on

Symphony No. 8 in E-Flat Major, symphony by Gustav Mahler, known as “Symphony of a Thousand” for the great number of performers required, vastly more than were needed for any other symphony to that time. The work premiered September 12, 1910, in Munich to thoroughly favorable notice. With its

Gregory La Cava: Early life and work: …to more serious fare with Symphony of Six Million (1932), an adaptation of a Fannie Hurst story about a doctor (played by Ricardo Cortez) who makes a fatal mistake during an operation but regains his confidence through the support of his girlfriend (Irene Dunne). The Age of Consent (1932) centres…

NBC Symphony, American orchestra created in 1937 by the National Broadcasting Company expressly for the internationally renowned conductor Arturo Toscanini. Based in New York City, the orchestra gave weekly concerts that were broadcast worldwide over NBC radio. Often billed as the Toscanini

symphony orchestra, large orchestra of winds, strings, and percussion that plays symphonic works. See

symphony: Berlioz and Liszt: Liszt’s other symphonic work, the Symphony to Dante’s Divina Commedia (1856), depicts the three major sections of The Divine Comedy—Inferno, Purgatory, and Paradise. Liszt, at times a devout Catholic, portrayed Dante’s scenes with great imagination and passion, cleverly suiting his melody—sometimes simple and tranquil, sometimes chromatic and writhing—and harmony to…

cantata: …the symphony in the so-called symphony-cantata Lobgesang (1840; Hymn of Praise), whereas the 20th-century English composer Benjamin Britten gave the title Spring Symphony (1949) to a work that is actually a cantata.

snowberry, any of about 18 species of low shrubs belonging to the genus Symphoricarpos of the family Caprifoliaceae. All are native to North America except for one species in central China. All have bell-shaped, pinkish or white flowers and two-seeded berries. The best-known ornamental species of

snowberry: The best-known ornamental species of Symphoricarpos snowberries are S. albus, a shrub, 1 m (3 feet) high, with delicate stems, oval leaves, and large, pulpy, white berries, and S. rivularis, slightly larger, with elliptical leaves, and a profusion of berries. The Chinese species, S. sinensis, has bluish black berries. Wolfberry…

snowberry: Wolfberry (S. occidentalis), about 1.5 m tall, bears white berries. Indian currant, or coralberry (S. orbiculatus), more than 2 m tall, bears purplish berries. Creeping snowberry is a plant of the genus Gaultheria (family Ericaceae).

snowberry: Indian currant, or coralberry (S. orbiculatus), more than 2 m tall, bears purplish berries. Creeping snowberry is a plant of the genus Gaultheria (family Ericaceae).

snowberry: …large, pulpy, white berries, and S. rivularis, slightly larger, with elliptical leaves, and a profusion of berries. The Chinese species, S. sinensis, has bluish black berries. Wolfberry (S. occidentalis), about 1.5 m tall, bears white berries. Indian currant, or coralberry (S. orbiculatus), more than 2 m tall, bears purplish berries.…

snowberry: The Chinese species, S. sinensis, has bluish black berries. Wolfberry (S. occidentalis), about 1.5 m tall, bears white berries. Indian currant, or coralberry (S. orbiculatus), more than 2 m tall, bears purplish berries. Creeping snowberry is a plant of the genus Gaultheria (family Ericaceae).

symphylan, (class Symphyla), any of a group of insects that are often included with the centipedes (Chilopoda) and millipedes (Diplopoda) in the superclass Myriapoda of the subphylum Labiata. The approximately 120 species resemble small centipedes with the largest being less than 10 mm (0.4 inch)

symphylan, (class Symphyla), any of a group of insects that are often included with the centipedes (Chilopoda) and millipedes (Diplopoda) in the superclass Myriapoda of the subphylum Labiata. The approximately 120 species resemble small centipedes with the largest being less than 10 mm (0.4 inch)

symphylan, (class Symphyla), any of a group of insects that are often included with the centipedes (Chilopoda) and millipedes (Diplopoda) in the superclass Myriapoda of the subphylum Labiata. The approximately 120 species resemble small centipedes with the largest being less than 10 mm (0.4 inch)

apterygote: Annotated classification: Order Symphypleona Head hypognathous; postantennal organ absent; thorax and abdomen fused, segmentation lost or indistinct. 5 superfamilies, 11 families. Order Neelipleona Antennae small, shorter than head, situated midway or on anterior half; ocelli absent. Sometimes considered a family in order Symphypleona. Class Diplura

joint: Symphyses: A symphysis (fibrocartilaginous joint) is a joint in which the body (physis) of one bone meets the body of another. All but two of the symphyses lie in the vertebral (spinal) column, and all but one contain fibrocartilage as a constituent tissue. The short-lived…

joint: Symphyses: …the mandible is called the symphysis menti (from the Latin mentum, meaning “chin”) and is the only symphysis devoid of fibrocartilage. All of the other symphyses are permanent.

mons pubis: …lying in front of the pubic symphysis. The mons pubis is a rounded eminence made by fatty tissue beneath the skin. In humans, it generally is more prominent in females than in males. A few fine hairs may be present in childhood; later, at puberty, they become coarser and more…

discus fish, two species of the genus Symphysodon of fishes in the family Cichlidae (order Perciformes), characterized by a compressed, disk-shaped body. The two species (S. discus and S. aequifasciata) occur naturally in tributaries of the Amazon River in South America. Discus fish have an unusual

discus fish: discus and S. aequifasciata) occur naturally in tributaries of the Amazon River in South America. Discus fish have an unusual form of parental care: the adults secrete a mucuslike substance onto their skin that provides nourishment for the young. Some reports indicate that both parents are involved…

discus fish: …two species of the genus Symphysodon of fishes in the family Cichlidae (order Perciformes), characterized by a compressed, disk-shaped body. The two species (S. discus and S. aequifasciata) occur naturally in tributaries of the Amazon River in South America. Discus fish have an unusual form of parental care: the adults…

Symphyta, one of two suborders of the insect order Hymenoptera, the other being Apocrita. Included in the group are the sawfly, horntail, and wood wasp (qq.v.)—the most primitive members of the order. The suborder includes several thousand species and is distributed worldwide. The “waist,” or

comfrey, any herb plant of the Eurasian genus Symphytum, of the family Boraginaceae, especially the medicinal common comfrey (S. officinale), used to treat wounds and a source of a gum for treatment of wool. The coiled sprays of comfrey blooms, which are bell-like, deeply parted, five-lobed, and

comfrey: …family Boraginaceae, especially the medicinal common comfrey (S. officinale), used to treat wounds and a source of a gum for treatment of wool. The coiled sprays of comfrey blooms, which are bell-like, deeply parted, five-lobed, and hanging, are usually pollinated by bees.

Argonaut: …how to pass through the Symplegades, or Cyanean rocks—two cliffs that moved on their bases and crushed whatever sought to pass. Following his advice, Jason sent ahead a dove that was damaged between the rocks, but thanks to Athena the Argo slipped through while the rocks were rebounding. From that…

Ericales: Symplocaceae: Symplocaceae is a group of tropical to subtropical evergreen trees. There are two genera: Symplocos, with about 318 species that grow in North America, South America, Southeast Asia, Indo-Malesia, and especially New Caledonia, and Cordyloblaste, with 2 species. The toothed leaves of Symplocos often…

skunk cabbage: …America the skunk cabbage is Symplocarpus foetidus, which belongs to the arum family (Araceae, order Arales). In French-speaking parts of Canada it is called tabac du diable (“devil’s tobacco”) or chou puant (“stinking cabbage”). It is a fleshy, herbaceous plant with large leaves, purple-brown spathes, and a skunklike odour; a…

horse sugar: paniculata, also known as sapphire berry, is a shrub or small tree native to eastern Asia but cultivated in other regions. It bears white, fragrant flowers in clusters 5–7.5 cm (2–3 inches) long. The fleshy, bright blue fruit is about 1 cm (0.4 inch) in diameter. S. tinctoria, also…

horse sugar: tinctoria, also known as sweetleaf, is a shrub or small tree native to southeastern North America. The yellow, fragrant flowers are about 1 cm across and are borne in dense clusters. The oblong, orange-brown fruit is about 1 cm in diameter. The plant yields a yellow dye.

angiosperm: Stems: … in angiosperms are monopodial and sympodial. Monopodial branching occurs when the terminal bud continues to grow as a central leader shoot and the lateral branches remain subordinate—e.g., beech trees (Fagus; Fagaceae). Sympodial branching occurs when the terminal bud ceases to grow (usually because a terminal flower has formed) and an…

symposium, In ancient Greece, an aristocratic banquet at which men met to discuss philosophical and political issues and recite poetry. It began as a warrior feast. Rooms were designed specifically for the proceedings. The participants, all male aristocrats, wore garlands and leaned on the left

platonic love: …account of love in his Symposium.

Socrates: Xenophon: Xenophon’s Symposium is a depiction of Socrates in conversation with his friends at a drinking party (it is perhaps inspired by a work of Plato of the same name and character) and is regarded by some scholars as a valuable re-creation of Socrates’ thought and way…

Christopher Simpson was an English composer, teacher, theorist, and one of the great virtuoso players in the history of the viol. A Roman Catholic, he fought on the Royalist side in the English Civil War (1643–44) and subsequently became tutor to the son of a prominent Catholic, Sir Robert Bolles.

human disease: Disease: signs and symptoms: Disease may be acute, chronic, malignant, or benign. Of these terms, chronic and acute have to do with the duration of a disease, malignant and benign with its potentiality for causing death.

Greece: Justice: …the Council of State (Symvoulion Epikrateias), which is responsible for administration disputes. A Court of State Auditors has jurisdiction in a number of financial matters. A Special Supreme Tribunal deals with disputes over the interpretation of the constitution and checks the validity of parliamentary elections and referenda.

Arabian religion: South Arabia: …Sabaʾ the national god was Almaqah (or Ilmuqah), a protector of artificial irrigation, lord of the temple of the Sabaean federation of tribes, near the capital, Maʾrib. Until recently, Almaqah was considered to be a moon god, under the influence of a now generally rejected conception of a South Arabian…

music synthesizer: …after, including the Buchla and Syn-Ket, the last approximately the size of an upright piano. Most synthesizers have had piano-like keyboards, although other types of performing mechanisms have been used. The Moog III, developed by the American physicist Robert Moog, had two five-octave keyboards that controlled voltage changes (and thus…

synagogue, in Judaism, a community house of worship that serves as a place not only for liturgical services but also for assembly and study. Its traditional functions are reflected in three Hebrew synonyms for synagogue: bet ha-tefilla (“house of prayer”), bet ha-kneset (“house of assembly”), and

Pappus of Alexandria: …Roman Empire, known for his Synagoge (“Collection”), a voluminous account of the most important work done in ancient Greek mathematics. Other than that he was born at Alexandria in Egypt and that his career coincided with the first three decades of the 4th century ad, little is known about his…

Hesychius of Alexandria: Entitled Synagōgē pasōn lexeōn kata stoicheion (“Alphabetical Collection of All Words”), the lexicon was based on other accessible specialized lexica dating to the 1st century bc, but Hesychius particularly borrowed from Diogenianus of Heraclea, a 2nd-century-ad language scholar from a Greek colony in what is now…

synagogue, in Judaism, a community house of worship that serves as a place not only for liturgical services but also for assembly and study. Its traditional functions are reflected in three Hebrew synonyms for synagogue: bet ha-tefilla (“house of prayer”), bet ha-kneset (“house of assembly”), and

Synagogue Council of America, a Jewish organization founded in 1926 to provide most congregationally affiliated Jews (regardless of individual differences) with a common voice in interfaith activities, especially those involving Christians. Council membership thus includes as Orthodox constituents

Alessandro Magnasco: Such works as The Synagogue (1725–30) reveal his nervous, sketchy style and his predilection for the bizarre. His attenuated figures and unnatural, flickering light heighten the sense of the fantastic and grotesque in his art.

stonefish, (Synanceia), any of certain species of venomous marine fish of the genus Synanceia and the family Synanceiidae, found in shallow waters of the tropical Indo-Pacific. Stonefish are sluggish bottom-dwelling fish that live among rocks or coral and in mudflats and estuaries. Thickset fish

stonefish: A representative species is S. verrucosa, which may grow about 33 cm (13 inches) long.

stonefish, (Synanceia), any of certain species of venomous marine fish of the genus Synanceia and the family Synanceiidae, found in shallow waters of the tropical Indo-Pacific. Stonefish are sluggish bottom-dwelling fish that live among rocks or coral and in mudflats and estuaries. Thickset fish

stonefish: A representative species is S. verrucosa, which may grow about 33 cm (13 inches) long.

eel: Annotated classification: Family Synaphobranchidae (cutthroat eels) Gill slits ventrolateral to ventral, united. Scales present. 10 genera with about 35 species. Deepwater, worldwide. Initially the eels were split into the Colocephali (morays) and Enchelycephali (others), and the suborder Carenchelyi for the Derichthyidae was added later. The current classification…

evolution: Maximum parsimony methods: …of derived shared traits, called synapomorphic traits. A synapomorphic trait is shared by some taxa but not others because the former inherited it from a common ancestor that acquired the trait after its lineage separated from the lineages going to the other taxa. In the evolution of carnivores, for example,…

evolution: Maximum parsimony methods: …of derived shared traits, called synapomorphic traits. A synapomorphic trait is shared by some taxa but not others because the former inherited it from a common ancestor that acquired the trait after its lineage separated from the lineages going to the other taxa. In the evolution of carnivores, for example,…

synapse, the site of transmission of electric nerve impulses between two nerve cells (neurons) or between a neuron and a gland or muscle cell (effector). A synaptic connection between a neuron and a muscle cell is called a neuromuscular junction. At a chemical synapse each ending, or terminal, of a

vertebrate: Annotated classification: Subclass Synapsida †Extinct; mammal-like; lateral temporal opening. Class Aves Warm-blooded; skull has only 1 condyle; front limbs primarily modified for flight; hind limbs are legs with 4 or fewer toes; body covered with feathers; scales on feet; 4-chambered heart; no teeth; horny beak; lungs with extended…

vertebrate: Annotated classification: Subclass Synapsida †Extinct; mammal-like; lateral temporal opening. Class Aves Warm-blooded; skull has only 1 condyle; front limbs primarily modified for flight; hind limbs are legs with 4 or fewer toes; body covered with feathers; scales on feet; 4-chambered heart; no teeth; horny beak; lungs with extended…

neurotransmitter: Neurotransmitter signaling: …by a gap called the synaptic cleft. The synaptic cleft, presynaptic terminal, and receiving dendrite of the next cell together form a junction known as the synapse.

nervous system: Postsynaptic potential: …no delay, chemical transmission exhibits synaptic delay. Recordings from squid synapses and neuromuscular junctions of the frog reveal a delay of 0.5 to 4.0 milliseconds between the onset of action potential at the nerve terminal and action potential at the postsynaptic site. This delay may be accounted for by three…

synapse, the site of transmission of electric nerve impulses between two nerve cells (neurons) or between a neuron and a gland or muscle cell (effector). A synaptic connection between a neuron and a muscle cell is called a neuromuscular junction. At a chemical synapse each ending, or terminal, of a

basal ganglia: Cell physiology: …striatum through a mechanism called synaptic plasticity. Dopamine plays a key role in this process and is essential for both strengthening synaptic inputs as well as weakening synaptic inputs that code for unwanted and undesirable motor plans. Thus, dopamine neurons act as gatekeepers, controlling which messages progress from the striatum…

neuroplasticity: …completely, a process known as synaptic pruning, which leaves behind efficient networks of neural connections. Other forms of neuroplasticity operate by much the same mechanism but under different circumstances and sometimes only to a limited extent. These circumstances include changes in the body, such as the loss of a limb…

astrocyte: …important in the modulation of synaptic transmission, since uptake systems tend to terminate neurotransmitter action at the synapses and also may act as storage systems for neurotransmitters when they are needed.

nervous system: Axon: …most numerous of these are synaptic vesicles, which, filled with neurotransmitters, are often clumped in areas of the terminal membrane that appear to be thickened. The thickened areas are called presynaptic dense projections, or active zones.

vertebrate: Annotated classification: Subclass Synaptosauria †Extinct; single temporal opening on area of cheek. Subclass Ichthyopterygia †Extinct; temporal openings high up on skull; fishlike; spindle-shaped body; high tail fin; triangular dorsal fin; paddlelike legs; marine. Subclass Synapsida

seed: Self-dispersal: …aim is often achieved by synaptospermy, the sticking together of several diaspores, which makes them less mobile, as in beet and spinach, and by geocarpy. Geocarpy is defined as either the production of fruits underground, as in the arum lilies Stylochiton and Biarum, in which the flowers are already subterranean,…

joint: Synarthroses: Synarthroses are divided into three classes: fibrous, symphysis, and cartilaginous.

swamp eel, any of about 15 species of slim, eel-like fish comprising the order Synbranchiformes. Swamp eels, unrelated to true eels (Anguilliformes), are found in fresh and brackish waters of the tropics. They appear to be related to the order Perciformes. They range from about 20 to 70 centimetres

motion-picture technology: Principal parts: The sync-generator provides a record of the speed of the camera motor; each frame of picture causes 2.5 cycles of a 60-hertz pulse to be recorded on the sync-track of the sound tape. A newer system is based on the “time code” originally developed for videotape.…

crustacean: Annotated classification: Superorder Syncarida Carboniferous to present; no carapace. †Order Palaeocaridacea Carboniferous to Permian; first thoracic segment not fused to head; abdominal pleopods 2-branched, flaplike; 4 families. Order Anaspidacea Permian to present; with or without eyes; antennules

history of logic: The properties of terms and discussions of fallacies: …on the topic of “syncategoremata”—expressions such as “only,” “inasmuch as,” “besides,” “except,” “lest,” and so on, which posed quite different logical problems than did the terms and logical particles in traditional categorical propositions or in the simpler kind of “hypothetical” propositions inherited from the Stoics. The study of valid…