Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft: Aventis was acquired by Sanofi in 2004.

Sanniquellie, town, north-central Liberia, located at the intersection of roads from Monrovia and Côte d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast). A rural administrative centre among the Mano and Malinke (Mandingo), Sanniquellie has secondary schools and the George W. Harley Memorial Hospital. There is local trade in

Sanniquellie, town, north-central Liberia, located at the intersection of roads from Monrovia and Côte d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast). A rural administrative centre among the Mano and Malinke (Mandingo), Sanniquellie has secondary schools and the George W. Harley Memorial Hospital. There is local trade in

Salish: …culture area, such as the Sanpoil, avoided complex social and political organization; warfare in that area was almost unknown, and external trade was not an important part of the local economy.

Li Keran was a painter and art educator who was a prominent figure in 20th-century Chinese art. He developed a personal style of landscape painting that was based upon the emulation of both ancient and contemporary masters. Li showed a gift for painting, calligraphy, and music as a child. When he

San-ch’ing, highest triad of deities in the generalized pantheon of sectarian religious Taoism. First in evidence during the T’ang dynasty, the triad represented a ranking of three deities associated with the three highest heavens (or “pure” realms) in the Taoist cosmology. Today the deities are

Chinese literature: Poetry: …new verse form known as sanqu (“nondramatic songs”), a liberalization of the ci, which utilized the spoken language of the people as fully as possible. Although line length and tonal pattern were still governed by a given tune, extra words could be inserted to make the lyrics livelier and to…

Richard Cameron: …and David Hackston, issued the Sanquhar Declaration, calling for war on Charles II and the exclusion of the Roman Catholic James, Duke of York. With only a small group of men, he was easily taken and killed by royal troops at Airds Moss in Ayrshire in the summer of 1680.…

San Remo, town, Liguria region, northwestern Italy. It is the chief resort of that part of the Italian Riviera known as the Riviera dei Fiori, east of Nice, France. A year-round health resort since 1861, its repute was greatly increased by the visit of Frederick III of Germany in 1887–88. In 1920

San Remo: The Sanremo Music Festival, a song contest held annually in the city since 1951, is one of the biggest events in Italian popular culture. Pop. (2015 est.) 54,807.

Hello Kitty: …by the Japanese merchandising company Sanrio and known internationally as Hello Kitty, Kitty White is a small, round-faced, cartoon catlike girl with black eyes, a yellow nose, no mouth, and a red bow perched on her left ear. Sanrio maintains that Hello Kitty is a girl and not a cat,…

San-lun, school of Chinese Buddhism derived from the Indian Mādhyamika school. See

nanoparticle: Detection, characterization, and isolation: …small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), along with their surface-specific analogues GISAXS and GISANS, where GI is “grazing incidence,” and X-ray or neutron reflectometry (XR/NR). The advantage of those techniques is that they are able to simultaneously sample and average very large numbers of nanoparticles and often…

Céline Dion: …increased after the release of Sans attendre (2012; “Without Waiting”), which included several duets, including one with French rock legend Johnny Hallyday, and Loved Me Back to Life (2013), which featured a duet with Stevie Wonder, among others.

bagatelle: Sans égal is a French form of the game. Two players take part, one using the red balls and one using the white. The leader plays at the black, forfeiting a ball if he misses. His opponent then plays at the black if it has…

Mackenzie River: The lower course: …a fast-water section known as Sans Sault Rapids; the river drops about 20 feet (6 metres) within a few miles. There is ample depth of water for the shallow-draft barges during July, but, despite deepening of the channel by rock blasting, shallow water is sometimes a navigation problem in late…

sans serif, in printing, a style of roman letter stripped of its serif—i.e., such embellishments as the vertical line at the end of the top right and lower left curved segments of the letter “s,” the base line on which the lowercase “n,” “m,” and “l” rest, etc. Though the concept of such a type has

Henry Christophe: …country, he shot himself at Sans-Souci palace (the citadel and palace were designated UNESCO World Heritage sites in 1982), and his kingdom became part of the Haitian republic in 1821.

Agnès Varda: …Without Roof or Law, or Vagabond).

sansculotte, in the French Revolution, a label for the more militant supporters of that movement, especially in the years 1792 to 1795. Sansculottes presented themselves as members of the poorer classes or leaders of the common people, but during the Reign of Terror public functionaries and

mbira, plucked idiophone (instrument whose sounding parts are resonant solids belonging to the body of the instrument itself)—or more specifically, a lamellaphone—that is unique to Africa and widely distributed throughout the continent. The mbira consists of a series of tuned metal or bamboo

South African National Space Agency (SANSA), South African space agency that was founded to develop a national space program and coordinate existing space activities. Its headquarters are in Pretoria. SANSA is run by a chief executive officer, and its activities are divided into four divisions:

Mango, town, northern Togo, western Africa, situated on the Oti River near the Kéran National Park. The town served as the principal locale of Savanes until the late 1970s, when Dapango (formerly Dapaong) assumed that position. Mango still functions as a centre for cattle and peanut (groundnut)

Sanskrit language, (from Sanskrit saṃskṛta, “adorned, cultivated, purified”), an Old Indo-Aryan language in which the most ancient documents are the Vedas, composed in what is called Vedic Sanskrit. Although Vedic documents represent the dialects then found in the northern midlands of the Indian

sansculotte, in the French Revolution, a label for the more militant supporters of that movement, especially in the years 1792 to 1795. Sansculottes presented themselves as members of the poorer classes or leaders of the common people, but during the Reign of Terror public functionaries and

Fujiwara Yukinari: …known as one of the Sanseki (“Three Brush Traces”), in effect the finest calligraphers of the age. The others were Ono Tōfū and Fujiwara Sukemasa, and the three perfected the style of writing called jōdai-yō (“ancient style”).

Sansevieria, former genus of about 70 species of flowering plants in the asparagus family (Asparagaceae), now placed in the genus Dracaena based on phylogenetic data. The group is native primarily to tropical Africa. Many species have water-resistant leaf fibres that are sometimes used in the

Dracaena: Major species: Iguanatail, or bowstring hemp (D. hyacinthoides, formerly S. hyacinthoides), has mottled leaves with light green bands and yellow edges; the greenish white fragrant flowers are borne in a tall cluster.

Sansevieria: Mother-in-law’s tongue, or snake plant (Dracaena trifasciata, formerly Sansevieria trifasciata), is a popular houseplant with yellow-striped leaves and tiny pale green scented flowers. It is sometimes sold as Sansevieria.

Kurosawa Akira: First films: …made his first feature film, Sanshiro Sugata, from his own scenario; this story of Japanese judo masters of the 1880s scored a great popular success. In 1944 he made his second film, Ichiban utsukushiku (The Most Beautiful), a story about girls at work in an arsenal. Immediately thereafter, he married…

Sansi, nomadic criminal tribe originally located in the Rājputāna area of northwestern India but expelled in the 13th century by Muslim invaders and now living in Rājasthān state as well as scattered throughout all of India. The Sansi claim Rājput descent, but, according to legend, their ancestors

Sansin, in Korean religion, a guardian spirit residing in mountains, whose cult has been closely associated with mountain tigers and is still fostered in Korean Buddhist temples. In early indigenous religion of Korea, worship of sacred mountains gradually gave way to worship of wild bears, wolves,

Sanskrit language, (from Sanskrit saṃskṛta, “adorned, cultivated, purified”), an Old Indo-Aryan language in which the most ancient documents are the Vedas, composed in what is called Vedic Sanskrit. Although Vedic documents represent the dialects then found in the northern midlands of the Indian

Sanskrit literature, body of writings produced by the Aryan peoples who entered the Indian subcontinent from the northwest, probably during the 2nd millennium bc. It developed as the vehicle of expression for the Brahmanical society that gradually established itself as the main cultural force

Charles Rockwell Lanman: …who wrote the widely used Sanskrit Reader (1884) and helped edit the “Harvard Oriental Series,” which offered scholarly English translations of the ancient Hindu Vedic texts.

Hinduism: Other sources: the process of Sanskritization: The development of Hinduism can be interpreted as a constant interaction between the religion of the upper social groups, represented by the Brahmans, and the religion of other groups. From the time of the Vedas (c. 1500 bce), people from many strata of society…

William Sansom was a writer of short stories, novels, and travel books who is considered particularly acute in his dissections of London life and scenes. Educated at Uppingham School, Rutland, Sansom worked in banking and advertising until World War II. After writing some film scripts following the

Wilco: …1956, Los Angeles, California), and Pat Sansone (b. June 21, 1969, Meridian, Mississippi).

Andrea Sansovino was an Italian architect and sculptor whose works reflect the transition from early to High Renaissance. His earliest great work was the marble Altar of the Sacrament in S. Spirito, Florence, executed for the Corbinelli family between 1485 and 1490; the fineness of detail, high

Jacopo Sansovino was a sculptor and architect who introduced the style of the High Renaissance into Venice. In 1502 he entered the Florence workshop of the sculptor Andrea Sansovino and, as a sign of admiration, adopted his master’s name. In 1505 he accompanied the Florentine architect Giuliano da

Brandenburg: Geography: …Palace (Neues Palais); the dramatic Sanssouci Palace; and the Cecilienhof, in which the World War II Potsdam Conference was held—have been designated a UNESCO World Heritage site.

Sesshū: Mature years and works of Sesshū: …or “Sansui chōkan” (formally titled Landscape of Four Seasons, 1486), is generally considered Sesshū’s masterpiece and is often regarded as the greatest Japanese ink painting. Depicting the four seasons, beginning with spring and ending with winter, it extends more than 50 feet (15 metres). Though based in both theme and…

Sikhism: History and doctrine: …and eventually belonged to the Sant tradition of northern India, a movement associated with the great poet and mystic Kabir (1440–1518). The Sants, most of whom were poor, dispossessed, and illiterate, composed hymns of great beauty expressing their experience of the divine, which they saw in all things. Their tradition…

Buldhana: …has several colleges affiliated with Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University. The surrounding area is essentially agricultural, raising mainly cotton, wheat, and peanuts (groundnuts). Pop. (2001) 62,972; (2011) 67,431.

Uruguaiana, city, western Rio Grande do Sul estado (state), southern Brazil. It lies along the Uruguay River, across the bridge from the town of Paso de los Libres, Argentina. Founded in 1839 as Sant’ Ana do Uruguai, Uruguaiana was made a town and renamed in 1846; city status was accorded in 1874.

Como: …former city hall; and the Church of Sant’ Abbondio, formerly the cathedral, consecrated in 1095 on the site of an 8th-century church. Two of the oldest buildings are the Church of San Carpoforo, believed to date from the 4th century and standing on the site of a temple to Mercury,…

Francesco Borromini: Youth and education: …existing oval dome prefigured his Sant’Agnese in Agone (in Piazza Navona) in its placement of plastic volumes in space. Equally significant was his transformation of Maderno’s plan for Sant’Ignazio. Through his use of pairs of free-standing columns, he suggested an articulation of space, a major characteristic of his style. Space…

Rome: Sant’Agostino: Of the scores of churches in the Campus Martius of historical, architectural, and artistic interest, Sant’Agostino (1479–83) is perhaps the most Roman. The church, constructed entirely of travertine looted from the Colosseum, was a favourite of many artists of the Renaissance period and beyond.…

Piero della Francesca: Mature period: …d’Angelo, commissioned an altarpiece for S. Agostino that Piero, characteristically, did not complete until 1469. The surviving panels of the altarpiece reveal Piero’s interest in the creation of monumental human figures through the sculptural use of line and light.

San Gimignano: …with numerous frescoes; and the church of Sant’Agostino (1280–98), containing frescoes by Benozzo Gozzoli depicting scenes from the life of St. Augustine. The historic town centre was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1990. San Gimignano is an important tourist centre and is noted for its wines. Pop. (2011)…

Giuseppe Giusti: …often considered his masterpiece, is Sant’Ambrogio (c. 1846), in which the poet’s hostility toward Austrian troops attending a mass turns into a feeling of sympathy and solidarity with them as they join in singing a chorus by Giuseppe Verdi.

Sant’Ambrogio Basilica, basilica in Milan, Italy, that is an outstanding example of Lombard Romanesque architecture. Although the church was originally built between 379 and 386, the earliest portions of the present structure date from the 9th and 10th centuries. The rebuilt vaulted nave and aisles

Correggio: Early life and career: …Mantegna’s family chapel in the church of Sant’Andrea at Mantua after the artist’s death. It seems certain that the two round paintings, or tondi, of the Entombment of Christ and Madonna and Saints are by the young Correggio. Although his early works are pervaded with his knowledge of Mantegna’s art,…

Gian Lorenzo Bernini: Patronage of Innocent X and Alexander VII: …most impressive is that of Sant’Andrea al Quirinale (1658–70) in Rome, with its dramatic high altar, soaring dome, and unconventionally sited oval plan. But Bernini’s greatest architectural achievement is the colonnade enclosing the piazza before St. Peter’s Basilica. The chief function of the large space was to hold the crowd…

Gian Lorenzo Bernini: Patronage of Innocent X and Alexander VII: …most impressive is that of Sant’Andrea al Quirinale (1658–70) in Rome, with its dramatic high altar, soaring dome, and unconventionally sited oval plan. But Bernini’s greatest architectural achievement is the colonnade enclosing the piazza before St. Peter’s Basilica. The chief function of the large space was to hold the crowd…

Sorrento: …Lattari Mountains, which culminate in Mount Sant’Angelo (4,734 feet [1,443 m]). Probably of Greek origin, the town was the ancient Surrentum, a Roman resort. The seat of an autonomous duchy in the 7th century, Sorrento became part of the Norman kingdom of Sicily in 1137. The poet Torquato Tasso was…

Francesco Borromini: Youth and education: …late 16th-century oval church of Sant’Anna dei Palafrenieri was Borromini’s personal project. His attempt to integrate a five-bay front and two towers with the existing oval dome prefigured his Sant’Agnese in Agone (in Piazza Navona) in its placement of plastic volumes in space. Equally significant was his transformation of Maderno’s…

Brazilian literature: The short story: Tigrela and Other Stories); Sérgio Sant’Anna, a novelist whose stories in O concerto de João Gilberto no Rio de Janeiro (1982; “João Gilberto’s Concert in Rio de Janeiro”), all executed with sardonic humour, focus upon innovative art, sociopolitical criticism, and marginalized individuals; and Rubem Fonseca, whose incisively graphic crime…

Sant’Antioco Island: …on the northeast coast, is Sant’Antioco, site of the Phoenician and Roman city of Sulcis (Sulci), destroyed by the Saracens in the European Middle Ages. There are remains of a Punic and Roman necropolis, a Phoenician sanctuary, and early Christian catacombs (under the parish church) believed to contain the remains…

Sant’Antioco Island, volcanic island in the Mediterranean Sea, situated just off the southwestern coast of Sardinia, Italy. It is composed for the most part of rocky and uneven terrain and rises to 889 feet (271 metres). The island is connected by rail with the Sardinian mainland, 1 mile (2 km)

Giuseppe Garibaldi: Exile in South America: …but heroic engagement at the Battle of Sant’Antonio in 1846, his fame reached even to Europe, and in Italy a sword of honour, paid for by subscriptions, was donated to him.

campanile: …stand beside the churches of Sant’Apollinare in Classe (c. 532–49) and Sant’Apollinare Nuovo, Ravenna (c. 490). Round campaniles appeared occasionally in later periods; the famous Leaning Tower of Pisa (begun in 1173), sheathed in a series of superimposed arcades, is a more elaborate version of this type.

Ravenna: The Basilica of Sant’Apollinare Nuovo was also erected by Theuderic. It was originally an Arian cathedral but became a Catholic church in 570. This church contains magnificent mosaics depicting the teachings, miracles, Passion, and Resurrection of Christ; these are among the oldest such representations in existence and are…

Antonio Sant’Elia was an Italian architect notable for his visionary drawings of the city of the future. In 1912 he began practicing architecture in Milan, where he became involved with the Futurist movement. Between 1912 and 1914 he made many highly imaginative drawings and plans for cities of the

Naples: The Castel Nuovo: …by the massive abutment of Castel Sant’Elmo. Both are of Angevin origins. The castle, founded in 1329 by Robert of Anjou, was re-created in the 16th century, under the Spanish viceroys, in the form of a six-pointed star. Within the complex of the former San Martino monastery, the church itself…

Francesco Borromini: Youth and education: …transformation of Maderno’s plan for Sant’Ignazio. Through his use of pairs of free-standing columns, he suggested an articulation of space, a major characteristic of his style. Space in his structures is not merely a void but rather something corporeal, an element in itself, molded by the surrounding shell of the…

Francesco Borromini: An independent architect: …vaults, such as those of Sant’Ivo della Sapienza or the Re Magi chapel. He used the building yard as an extension of his drafting table and as a place where he could experiment and improvise to generate a fruitful exchange between design and execution. At San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane,…

Audrey Tautou: …comedy Santa & Cie (2017; Christmas & Co.) and En liberte! (2018; The Trouble with You), in which she played the wife of a man wrongfully imprisoned. She played a free-spirited hairdresser in The Jesus Rolls (2019), an adaptation of Les valseuses (1974; Going Places) that was a spin-off of…

Santa Ana Volcano, mountain peak in southwestern El Salvador. The highest peak in the country, it rises to 7,749 feet (2,362 meters). The volcano has been active since the 16th century and last erupted in 2005, its first eruption in more than 100 years. It has a small sulfurous lake in its crater.

Santa Ana, city, western El Salvador. Santa Ana is situated in a basin between mountains at an elevation of 2,182 feet (665 metres). It is located on the Inter-American Highway, a section of the Pan-American Highway, at a point northwest of San Salvador and 10 miles (16 km) north-northeast of Santa

Los Angeles: Climate: Blasts of Santa Ana winds, usually hot and dry, streak through the mountain passes in the fall and winter. Mystery writer Raymond Chandler wrote that during these “red winds,” “Meek little wives feel the edge of the carving knife and study their husbands’ necks.”

Santa Ana, city, seat (1889) of Orange county, southern California, U.S. It lies at the base of the Santa Ana Mountains, on the Santa Ana River. It was explored by the Spaniard Gaspar de Portolá in 1769, and Juan Pablo Grijalva was subsequently (1801) given a land grant for the area, which he named

Coro, city, capital of Falcón state, northwestern Venezuela. It lies 200 miles (320 km) west-northwest of Caracas, at the southern end of the isthmus linking the Paraguaná Peninsula to the mainland. It is 105 feet (32 metres) above sea level. Coro and its Caribbean Sea port, La Vela, 7 miles (11

Cuenca, city, south-central Ecuador. It lies in an intermontane basin (cuenca) of the Andes Mountains at an elevation of 8,517 feet (2,596 metres) on the Matadero River, a tributary of the Paute River. The Spanish colonial city was founded in 1557 by the conquistador Gil Ramírez Davalos on the

Santa Ana Mountains, segment of the Coast Ranges (see Pacific mountain system), southern California, U.S. The range extends for about 25 miles (40 km) from the Santa Ana River southward along the Orange-Riverside county line. Lying south and east of the city of Santa Ana, the mountains rise to

Santa Ana Volcano, mountain peak in southwestern El Salvador. The highest peak in the country, it rises to 7,749 feet (2,362 meters). The volcano has been active since the 16th century and last erupted in 2005, its first eruption in more than 100 years. It has a small sulfurous lake in its crater.

Swan Islands, two islets (Greater and Lesser Swan) in the Caribbean Sea, 97 miles (156 km) north of Honduras. Discovered by Christopher Columbus on St. Anne’s feast day in 1502, they were named Islas Santa Ana. The islands, only 1.6 square miles (4 square km) in area, served as a pirate haunt from

San Angelo, city, seat (1875) of Tom Green county, west-central Texas, U.S. It lies about 90 miles (145 km) southwest of Abilene. Founded in 1869 near Fort Concho (now a museum) at the confluence of the North, South, and Middle Concho rivers, it was first known as Over-the-River but was renamed

Sint Anna Bay, deep channel separating the two parts of Willemstad, capital of Curaçao. The bay is a narrow waterway, about 1 mile (1.6 km) long and 300 to 1,000 feet (90 to 300 metres) wide. The south end opens into the Caribbean Sea, and the north end opens up into the Schottegat—a giant, deep

Antonio López de Santa Anna was a Mexican army officer and statesman who was the storm centre of Mexico’s politics during such events as the Texas Revolution (1835–36) and the Mexican-American War (1846–48). The son of a minor colonial official, Santa Anna served in the Spanish army and rose to the

Antonio López de Santa Anna was a Mexican army officer and statesman who was the storm centre of Mexico’s politics during such events as the Texas Revolution (1835–36) and the Mexican-American War (1846–48). The son of a minor colonial official, Santa Anna served in the Spanish army and rose to the

Réunion, island of the Mascarene Islands that is a French overseas département and overseas région. It is located in the western Indian Ocean about 420 miles (680 km) east of Madagascar and 110 miles (180 km) southwest of Mauritius. Réunion is almost elliptical in shape, about 40 miles (65 km) long

Santa Bárbara, town, northwestern Honduras. It lies in the hot lowlands near the Ulúa River and west of Lake Yojoa. It was founded in 1761 by settlers from Gracias. Santa Bárbara is a commercial centre. The raising of livestock and the cultivation of sugarcane and coffee are the principal economic

Robert Schenkkan: … and the daytime soap opera Santa Barbara. He also had a role as a school guidance counselor in the 1990 film Pump Up the Volume. At that point he began to focus primarily on writing and got his big break with The Kentucky Cycle, a series of nine short plays…

Santa Barbara, city, seat (1850) of Santa Barbara county, southwestern California, U.S. It lies along the Pacific coast at the base of the Santa Ynez Mountains, facing the Santa Barbara Channel. It is situated 97 miles (156 km) northwest of Los Angeles. Because it is protected to the south by the

Samaná, city, northeastern Dominican Republic, on the southern shore of the Samaná Peninsula. The city was founded in 1756 by Spaniards from the Canary Islands. In 1825 there was a notable influx of black immigrants from the United States. Samaná serves as a commercial and manufacturing centre for

tapestry: 17th and 18th centuries: …Alfombras de Santa Barbara (Royal Factory of Tapestries and Rugs of St. Barbara) in 1720 at Madrid, however, that important tapestry was produced in Spain. Initially, the weavers and director were Flemings. The first tapestries made at Santa Barbara were woven from the cartoons of such Flemish Baroque painters…

Channel Islands, island chain extending some 150 miles (240 km) along, and about 12–70 miles (20–115 km) off, the Pacific coast of southern California. The islands form two groups. The Santa Barbara group, to the north, is separated from the mainland by the Santa Barbara Channel and includes San

California: Education of California: Riverside, Santa Barbara, San Francisco, Irvine, Santa Cruz, and San Diego. The campuses at Santa Cruz and San Diego were established on variations of the Oxford University system of numerous small independent colleges sharing limited

Western painting: Early and High Baroque in Italy: The little church of Santa Bibiana in Rome harbours three of the key works that ushered in the High Baroque, all executed in 1624–26: Gian Lorenzo Bernini’s facade and the marble figure of Santa Bibiana herself, over the altar, and Pietro da Cortona’s series of frescoes of Bibiana’s life,…

Guantánamo, city, eastern Cuba. It lies in the mountains 21 miles (34 km) north of strategic Guantánamo Bay on the Caribbean Sea. Founded in 1819, the settlement was called Santa Catalina del Saltadero del Guaso until 1843. French refugees from Haiti aided in the colonization of the area, and many

Santa Catalina Island, one of the Channel Islands, 22 miles (35 km) off the Pacific coast of California, U.S. The largest of the Santa Catalina group of the Channel Islands, it is 22 miles long and 8 miles (13 km) across at its greatest width and has an area of 74 square miles (192 square km). It

Santa Catarina, southern coastal estado (state) of Brazil, bounded to the north by the state of Paraná, to the south by the state of Rio Grande do Sul, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the west by Misiones province of Argentina. It is one of the smaller Brazilian states. The capital is

Guadalupe: …above sea level on the Santa Catarina River, about 3 miles (5 km) east of Monterrey, the state capital. Guadalupe is primarily an agricultural centre. Corn (maize) is the principal crop in the environs, but chickpeas are also important. Cattle and sheep are raised in the vicinity. By virtue of…

Guimarães: …at the foot of the Serra de Santa Catarina (2,018 feet [615 metres]), northeast of the city of Porto.

Gondwana: …System in India, and the Santa Catharina System in South America. It also occurs in the Maitland Group of eastern Australia as well as in the Whiteout conglomerate and Polarstar formations of Antarctica. Though the concept of Gondwana was widely accepted by scientists from the Southern Hemisphere, scientists in the…

Bernardo Antonio Vittone: …example is the Church of Santa Chiara at Bra (1742); it has a low vault pierced by windows through which one sees a second shell, painted with heavenly scenes and lit by windows not visible from the interior.

Naples: Santa Chiara: Overlooked from the west by Palazzo Pignatelli (where the painter Edgar Degas resided while in Naples) and with the 18th-century ornate Neapolitan obelisk Guglia dell’Immacolata at its centre, this square is dominated by the church of Gesù Nuovo, its gem-cut facade masking a…

Santa Clara, city, central Cuba. It lies at 367 feet (112 metres) above sea level amid hills of coral rock, about 30 miles (50 km) north-northwest of Sancti Spíritus. Santa Clara was founded in 1689 by families fleeing constant pirate threats in coastal Remedios. It occupies the site of the ancient

Santa Clara, city, Santa Clara county, west-central California, U.S. It lies along the Guadalupe River in the Santa Clara Valley, about 48 miles (77 km) southeast of San Francisco and immediately adjacent to San Jose on the southeast. The original settlement grew around the Mission Santa Clara de