Sasuntzi Davith, Armenian folk epic dealing with the adventures of David of Sasun, a legendary Christian hero, in his defense against invaders from Egypt and Persia. The epic was based on oral tradition that presumably dates from the 8th to the 10th century; it was widely known from the 16th

André De Toth was a Hungarian-born film and television director who gained a cult following for a number of raw, violent, and psychologically disturbing B-movies, notably Pitfall (1948), but was best known to the general public for House of Wax (1953), widely considered the best of the early 3-D

aptitude test: The Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the American College Testing Exam (ACT) are examples of group tests commonly used in the United States to gauge general academic ability; in France the International Baccalaureate exam (le bac) is taken by secondary-school students. Such tests yield a profile…

SATA, an interface for transferring data between a computer’s central circuit board and storage devices. SATA replaced the long-standing PATA (parallel ATA) interface. Serial communication transfers data one bit at a time, rather than in several parallel streams. Despite the apparent advantage of

Levy Mwanawasa: His nearest competitor, Michael Sata, who received 29.37 percent of the vote, made claims of voting irregularities and contested the election. Sporadic violence ensued in areas loyal to Sata, but the result of the election stood, and Mwanawasa was sworn in for his second term in October 2006.…

Mādhyamika: …Treatise”) by Nāgārjuna and the Śataka-śāstra (“One Hundred Verses Treatise”), attributed to his pupil Āryadeva.

Satavahana dynasty, Indian family that, according to some interpretations based on the Puranas (ancient religious and legendary writings), belonged to the Andhra jati (“tribe”) and was the first Deccanese dynasty to build an empire in daksinapatha—i.e., the southern region. At the height of their

Sesson Shūkei was a Japanese artist who was the most distinguished and individualistic talent among the numerous painters who worked in the style of Sesshū, the 15th-century artist considered the greatest of the Japanese suiboku-ga (“water-ink”) painters. Sesson was a monk of the Sōtō sect of

rocket and missile system: Multiple warheads: …with four 750-kiloton warheads; the SS-18 Satan, with up to 10 500-kiloton warheads; and the SS-19 Stiletto, with six 550-kiloton warheads. Each of these Soviet systems had several versions that traded multiple warheads for higher yield. For instance, the SS-18, model 3, carried a single 20-megaton warhead. This giant missile,…

Satan, in the three major Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam), the prince of evil spirits and adversary of God. Satan is traditionally understood as an angel (or sometimes a jinnī in Islam) who rebelled against God and was cast out of heaven with other “fallen” angels before the

John Sturges: Later films: …direction with his next project, The Satan Bug (1965), a suspense drama about the attempts to recover a deadly virus that is stolen from a top-secret laboratory. The Hallelujah Trail (1965) was a western spoof centring on a cavalry colonel (Lancaster) who tries to deliver 40 wagonloads of whiskey to…

Isaac Bashevis Singer: …Der Sotn in Goray (Satan in Goray), was published in installments in Poland shortly before he immigrated to the United States in 1935.

William Dieterle: Warner Brothers: …break from biopics to direct Satan Met a Lady (1936), a pallid adaptation of Dashiell Hammett’s The Maltese Falcon, with the characters and material played for laughs. In 1937 he made the crime drama The Great O’Malley, which starred Pat O’Brien and Humphrey Bogart, and Another Dawn, an adequate soap…

Harry Warren: … (1953) and Cinderfella (1960), and Satan Never Sleeps (1962) and the theme for the 1955–61 television series The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp. He continued to compose but published little music after 1962.

Sharon Olds: Olds’s first collection, Satan Says (1980), describes her early sexual life in frank language. The book was praised as a daring, auspicious debut. In The Dead and the Living (1984), which received several major poetry awards, she refined her poetic voice. Her poems honouring the dead encompass both…

Leonid Andreyev: …last novel, Dnevnik Satany (Satan’s Diary), was unfinished at his death. Published in 1921, it paints a world in which boundless evil triumphs. In 1956 his remains were taken to Leningrad (now St. Petersburg).

Jacobus Acontius: In his Satanae stratagemata (1565) Acontius identified the dogmatic creeds that divide the church as the “stratagems of Satan.” In the hope of finding a common denominator for the various creeds, he sought to reduce dogma to a minimum.

Church of Satan: …rituals of the church in The Satanic Bible (1969). The church did not worship Satan as the Christian embodiment of evil or even as an existing being. Instead, LaVey taught that “His Infernal Majesty” was a symbol of humanistic values such as self-assertion, rebellion against unjust authority, vital existence, and…

Satanic school, pejorative designation used by Robert Southey, most notably in the preface to his A Vision of Judgement (1821), in reference to certain English poets whose work he believed to be “characterised by a Satanic spirit of pride and audacious impiety.” Although Southey did not name any of

The Satanic Verses, magic realist epic novel by Indian-born writer Salman Rushdie that upon its publication in 1988 became one of the most controversial books of the late 20th century. Some Muslims considered its fanciful and satiric use of Islam blasphemous, and Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini of Iran

Satanism, the worship or veneration of Satan, a figure from Christian belief who is also commonly known as the Devil or Lucifer. For most of Christian history, accusations that groups have been deliberately worshipping the Devil have been spurious, with little or no basis in reality. However, from

Red River Indian War: …by chiefs Big Tree and Satanta, Indians carried out an attack in 1874 that killed 60 Texans and launched the war. In the fall of 1874, about 3,000 federal infantry and cavalry, under the overall command of General William Tecumseh Sherman, converged on the Indians concentrated in the Red River…

Satara, city, southwestern Maharashtra state, western India. It is located west of the confluence of the Krishna and Venna rivers, southeast of Pune. The city was named for the walls of its fort, numbering 17 (Marathi: satara); the fort was built by the Shilahara and later strengthened by the

Satavahana dynasty, Indian family that, according to some interpretations based on the Puranas (ancient religious and legendary writings), belonged to the Andhra jati (“tribe”) and was the first Deccanese dynasty to build an empire in daksinapatha—i.e., the southern region. At the height of their

ancient Iranian religion: Tishtrya and Tīri: …boil, and then another star, Satavaisa (Fomalhaut), rises with the cloud-forming mists that are blown by the bold Wind in the form of “rain and clouds and hail to the dwelling and the settlements (and) to the seven continents.” As one of the stars “who contains the seeds of waters”…

Micronesian culture: Social hierarchy and political organization: …the time of European contact, Satawan Atoll in the Mortlocks had four separate communities, each with its own leader, which sometimes fought one another. Palau had two confederations of villages or districts, each independent of the other, and the villages themselves had considerable autonomy. Pohnpei had five petty states, although…

score: …resulting in the often-used acronym SATB on the title page of scores for four-part vocal works.

Elizabeth Kemble was an English actress of great ability whose career was subordinated to that of her husband, George Stephen Kemble. Elizabeth Satchell was a talented performer when she married Kemble in 1783, and for several years they acted together, with critics consistently noting her

David Satcher is an American medical doctor and public health administrator who was the 16th surgeon general of the United States from 1998 to 2002. The son of a small farmer, Satcher nearly died of whooping cough at age two because his family had little access to health care. He was attended by

Louis Armstrong was the leading trumpeter and one of the most influential artists in jazz history. Although Armstrong claimed to be born in 1900, various documents, notably a baptismal record, indicate that 1901 was his birth year. He grew up in dire poverty in New Orleans, Louisiana, when jazz was

satin: …satin structure is known as sateen.

satellite, natural object (moon) or spacecraft (artificial satellite) orbiting a larger astronomical body. Most known natural satellites orbit planets; the Earth’s Moon is the most obvious example. All the planets in the solar system except Mercury and Venus have natural satellites. More than 160

satellite communication, in telecommunications, the use of artificial satellites to provide communication links between various points on Earth. Satellite communications play a vital role in the global telecommunications system. Approximately 2,000 artificial satellites orbiting Earth relay analog

heredity: Repetitive DNA: …genome (dispersed repeats), and (3) satellite DNA, which contains short nucleotide sequences repeated as many as thousands of times. Such repeats are often found clustered in tandem near the centromeres (i.e., the attachment points for the nuclear spindle fibres that move chromosomes during cell division). Microsatellite DNA is composed of…

launch vehicle: India: …1980 using the four-stage solid-fueled Satellite Launch Vehicle 3 (SLV-3), which was developed from the U.S. Scout launch vehicle first used in the 1960s. India did not have a prior ballistic missile program, but parts of the SLV-3 were later incorporated into India’s first IRBM, Agni. The four-stage Polar Satellite…

satellite observatory, Earth-orbiting spacecraft that allows celestial objects and radiation to be studied from above the atmosphere. Astronomy from Earth’s surface is limited to observation in those parts of the electromagnetic spectrum (see electromagnetic radiation) that are not absorbed by the

satellite radio, type of digital broadcast, which transmits audio signals over large areas with greater clarity and consistency than conventional radio. A satellite radio service works by transmitting its signal from a ground-based station to one or more satellites orbiting Earth. The satellite

telecommunications media: Satellite links: A telecommunications satellite is a sophisticated space-based cluster of radio repeaters, called transponders, that link terrestrial radio transmitters to terrestrial radio receivers through an uplink (a link from terrestrial transmitter to satellite receiver) and a downlink (a

airport: Pier and satellite designs: …1960s, were designed on the satellite concept. Frequently, passengers are carried out to the satellites by some form of automated people mover or automatic train. Some satellite designs were very successful—for example, at Orlando and Tampa in Florida, U.S.—but to some degree the concept has fallen out of favour, having…

surveying: Basic control surveys: …together existing continental networks by satellite triangulation so as to facilitate the adjustment of all major geodetic surveys into a single world datum and determine the size and shape of the Earth spheroid with much greater accuracy than heretofore obtained. At the same time, current national networks will be strengthened,…

Earth satellite, artificial object launched into a temporary or permanent orbit around Earth. Spacecraft of this type may be either crewed or uncrewed, the latter being the most common. The idea of an artificial satellite in orbital flight was first suggested by Sir Isaac Newton in his book

Earth satellite, artificial object launched into a temporary or permanent orbit around Earth. Spacecraft of this type may be either crewed or uncrewed, the latter being the most common. The idea of an artificial satellite in orbital flight was first suggested by Sir Isaac Newton in his book

radar: Ballistic missile defense and satellite-surveillance radars: The systems for detecting and tracking ballistic missiles and orbiting satellites are much larger than those for aircraft detection because the ranges are longer and the radar echoes from space targets can be smaller than echoes from aircraft. Such radars might be required…

Indo-European languages: Changes in phonology: …or affricates are known as “satem” languages, from the Avestan word satəm ‘hundred’ (Proto-Indo-European *kmtóm), which illustrates the change. The languages that preserve the palatal stops as k-like sounds are known as “centum” languages, from centum (/kentum/), the corresponding word in Latin. The satem languages are not geographically separated from…

bullet ant: Sting: …manhood initiation rites of the Sateré-Mawé people of Brazil. For 5–10 minutes at a time, a boy must wear gloves into which bullet ants have been woven. After this ordeal his hands and parts of his arms become temporarily paralyzed, and he may tremble uncontrollably for several days.

Laos, landlocked country of northeast-central mainland Southeast Asia. It consists of an irregularly round portion in the north that narrows into a peninsula-like region stretching to the southeast. Overall, the country extends about 650 miles (1,050 km) from northwest to southeast. The capital is

Anuket: Alongside Khnum (Khenemu) and Sati, Anuket oversaw the fertility of the lands near the river. Indeed, she was worshipped as the great nourisher of the farms and fields because of the annual inundation of the Nile that deposited the heavy layer of black silt from Upper Egypt and Nubia.

suttee, the Indian custom of a wife immolating herself either on the funeral pyre of her dead husband or in some other fashion soon after his death. Although never widely practiced, suttee was the ideal of womanly devotion held by certain Brahman and royal castes. It is sometimes linked to the myth

Sati, in Hinduism, one of the wives of the god Shiva and a daughter of the sage Daksa. Sati married Shiva against her father’s wishes. When her father failed to invite her husband to a great sacrifice, Sati died of mortification and was later reborn as the goddess Parvati. (Some accounts say she

Erik Satie was a French composer whose spare, unconventional, often witty style exerted a major influence on 20th-century music, particularly in France. Satie studied at the Paris Conservatory, dropped out, and later worked as a café pianist. About 1890 he became associated with the Rosicrucian

Erik Satie was a French composer whose spare, unconventional, often witty style exerted a major influence on 20th-century music, particularly in France. Satie studied at the Paris Conservatory, dropped out, and later worked as a café pianist. About 1890 he became associated with the Rosicrucian

satiety, desire to limit further food intake, as after completing a satisfying meal. The hypothalamus, part of the central nervous system, regulates the amount of food desired. Eating is thought to increase the body temperature, and as the temperature in the hypothalamus rises, the process of

East African mountains: Physiography: …which the highest peak is Mount Lesatima (Satima), reaching a height of 13,120 feet, and the Mau Escarpment rise steeply from the eastern portion of the Eastern (Great) Rift Valley. To the west, beyond the Uasin Gishu Plateau, Mount Elgon emerges gently from a level of about 6,200 feet; but…

African art: Dogon and Tellem: …authority of God; and the satimbe mask, a rectangular face surmounted by the figure of a mythical and powerful woman. The structure of the satimbe mask—its projecting and receding forms—recalls the facades of the mosques of ancient Mali. The Dogon are known for their architecture, including the rounded, organic form…

satin, any fabric constructed by the satin weave method, one of the three basic textile weaves. The fabric is characterized by a smooth surface and usually a lustrous face and dull back; it is made in a wide variety of weights for various uses, including dresses, particularly evening wear; linings;

bowerbird: Avenues are made by the satin bowerbird (Ptilonorhynchus violaceus); the regent bowerbird (Sericulus chrysocephalus) and its relatives; and the spotted bowerbird (Chlamydera maculata) and its relatives. Satin and regent bowerbirds make a paint of vegetable pulp, charcoal, and saliva and apply it to the interior walls; a daub of green…

Duke Ellington: Masterworks and popular songs of the 1930s and ’40s: …in My Bed,” and “Satin Doll;” in other songs, such as “Don’t Get Around Much Any More,” “Prelude to a Kiss,” “Solitude,” and “I Let a Song Go out of My Heart,” he made wide interval leaps an Ellington trademark. A number of these hits were introduced by Ivy…

satin glass, in the decorative arts, glass with a dull matte finish achieved by immersion in hydrofluoric or other abrasive acid. In the 19th century the process was synonymous with “frosting” and was a technique associated especially with the fancy art glass produced in the United States in the

The Satin Slipper, philosophical play in four “days” or sections by Paul Claudel, published in 1929 in French as Le Soulier de satin; ou, le pire n’est pas toujours sûr. It was designed to be read rather than performed (an abridged version was staged in 1943), and it is often considered Claudel’s

The Satin Slipper, philosophical play in four “days” or sections by Paul Claudel, published in 1929 in French as Le Soulier de satin; ou, le pire n’est pas toujours sûr. It was designed to be read rather than performed (an abridged version was staged in 1943), and it is often considered Claudel’s

satin spar, massive (noncrystalline) variety of the mineral gypsum

satin, any fabric constructed by the satin weave method, one of the three basic textile weaves. The fabric is characterized by a smooth surface and usually a lustrous face and dull back; it is made in a wide variety of weights for various uses, including dresses, particularly evening wear; linings;

satinwood, (Chloroxylon swietenia), tree of the rue family (Rutaceae), native to Southeast Asia, India, and Sri Lanka (Ceylon). Satinwood is harvested for its hard yellowish brown wood, which has a satiny lustre and is used for fine cabinetwork and farming tools. Many parts of the plant are used in

smṛtyupasthāna, in Buddhist philosophy, one of the preparatory stages of meditation practiced by Buddhist monks aiming for bodhi, or enlightenment. It consists of keeping something in mind constantly. According to the 4th- or 5th-century text Abhidharmakośa, there are four types of meditation of

Juan Pablo Forner: …seen in his early work Sátira contra los abusos introducidos en la poesía castellana (1782; “Satire Against the Abuses Introduced into Castilian Poetry”), an attack against the innovations of verse styles such as gongorismo (an ornate and exaggerated style named after the poet Luis de Góngora). A somewhat sour personality,…

Ludovico Ariosto: …1525, he composed his seven satires (titled Satire), modeled after the Sermones (satires) of Horace. The first (written in 1517 when he had refused to follow the cardinal to Buda) is a noble assertion of the dignity and independence of the writer; the second criticizes ecclesiastical corruption; the third moralizes…

satire, artistic form, chiefly literary and dramatic, in which human or individual vices, follies, abuses, or shortcomings are held up to censure by means of ridicule, derision, burlesque, irony, parody, caricature, or other methods, sometimes with an intent to inspire social reform. Satire is a

Satires, collection of 16 satiric poems published at intervals in five separate books by Juvenal. Book One, containing Satires 1–5, was issued c. 100–110 ce; Book Two, with Satire 6, c. 115; Book Three, which comprises Satires 7–9, contains what must be a reference to Hadrian, who ruled from 117 to

Quintus Ennius: In the Saturae (Satires) Ennius developed the only literary genre that Rome could call its own. Four books in a variety of metres on diverse subjects, they were mostly concerned with practical wisdom, often driving home a lesson with the help of a fable. More philosophical was a…

Horace: Life: …on Book I of the Satires, 10 poems written in hexameter verse and published in 35 bc. The Satires reflect Horace’s adhesion to Octavian’s attempts to deal with the contemporary challenges of restoring traditional morality, defending small landowners from large estates (latifundia), combating debt and usury, and encouraging novi homines…

English literature: The court wits: ) Oldham’s Satires upon the Jesuits (1681), written during the Popish Plot, makes too unrelenting use of a rancorous, hectoring tone, but his development of the possibilities (especially satiric) of the “imitation” form, already explored by Rochester in, for example, An Allusion to Horace (written 1675–76), earns…

Arkady Isaakovich Raikin: …Moscow and reopened as the Satirikon theatre.

Thomas Dekker: …on Jonson in the play Satiro-mastix (produced 1601). Thirteen more plays survive in which Dekker collaborated with such figures as Thomas Middleton, John Webster, Philip Massinger, John Ford, and William Rowley.

Blossius Aemilius Dracontius: …poems reappears in his elegiac Satisfactio, a plea for pardon addressed to Gunthamund during his imprisonment, and is evident even in his most religious poem, De laudibus dei. This last poem, considered his most important work, comprises 2,327 hexameters in three books: Book I describes the Creation and Fall and…

metalogic: Logic and metalogic: …all possible worlds) and of satisfiability (or having a model—i.e., being true in some particular interpretation). Hence, the completeness of a logical calculus has quite a different meaning from that of a formal system: a logical calculus permits many sentences such that neither the sentence nor its negation is a…

“It’s All Right”: Chicago Soul: …for their epochal single “(I Can’t Get No) Satisfaction.”

metalogic: Logic and metalogic: …all possible worlds) and of satisfiability (or having a model—i.e., being true in some particular interpretation). Hence, the completeness of a logical calculus has quite a different meaning from that of a formal system: a logical calculus permits many sentences such that neither the sentence nor its negation is a…

P versus NP problem: …Stephen Cook proved that the satisfiability problem (a problem of assigning values to variables in a formula in Boolean algebra such that the statement is true) is NP-complete, which was the first problem shown to be NP-complete and opened the way to showing other problems that are members of the…

Herbert A. Simon: …is the concept of “satisficing” behaviour—achieving acceptable economic objectives while minimizing complications and risks—as contrasted with the traditional emphasis on maximizing profits. Simon’s theory thus offers a way to consider the psychological aspects of decision making that classical economists have tended to ignore.

decision making: Satisficing and bounded rationality: …Simon labeled this process “satisficing” and concluded that human decision making could at best exhibit bounded rationality. Although objective rationality leads to only one possible rational conclusion, satisficing can lead to many rational conclusions, depending upon the information available and the imagination of the decision maker.

Gaganyaan: Gaganyaan will launch from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota on top of the Human Rated Launch Vehicle (HRLV), a version of India’s most powerful rocket, the Launch Vehicle Mark III (LVM3) that has been modified for crewed spaceflight.

Tekezē River, river, major tributary of the Atbara River, itself a tributary of the Nile. It rises near Lalībela, Ethiopia, and flows in a deep ravine, north and then west, where it forms part of the border between Ethiopia and Eritrea, to enter Sudan below Om Hajer. It joins the Atbara River 35

Indian philosophy: The nature, origin, and structure of the world (prakriti): …of causality known as the satkaryavada, according to which an effect is implicitly pre-existent in its cause prior to its production. This latter doctrine is established on the ground that if the effect were not already existent in its cause, then something would have to come out of nothing. The…

Jainism: Canonical and commentarial literature: …two works in Prakrit: the Karmaprabhrita (“Chapters on Karma”), also called Shatkhandagama (“Scripture of Six Sections”), and the Kashayaprabhrita (“Chapters on the Kashayas”). The Karmaprabhrita, allegedly based on the lost Drishtivada text, deals with the doctrine of karma and was redacted by Pushpadanta and Bhutabalin in the mid-2nd century; the…

Satna, city, northeastern Madhya Pradesh state, central India. It is situated about 25 miles (40 km) west of Rewa in an upland area on the Tons River, a tributary of the Ganges (Ganga) River. The city served as the headquarters of the British political agent in the historic region of Baghelkhand.

Satnami sect, any of several groups in India that have challenged political and religious authority by rallying around an understanding of God as satnam (from Sanskrit satyanaman, “he whose name is truth”). The earliest Satnamis were a sect of mendicants and householders founded by Birbhan in

Sakurada Jisuke I was a kabuki dramatist who created more than 120 plays and at least 100 dance dramas. After completing his studies with Horikoshi Nisōji in 1762, Sakurada moved to Kyōto to write plays for a theatre there. On his return to Edo three years later he became chief playwright at the

Satō Eisaku was the prime minister of Japan between 1964 and 1972, who presided over Japan’s post-World War II reemergence as a major world power. For his policies on nuclear weapons, which led to Japan’s signing of the Treaty on the Non-proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, he was awarded (with

Satō Haruo was a Japanese poet, novelist, and critic whose fiction is noted for its poetic vision and romantic imagination. Satō came from a family of physicians with scholarly and literary interests. He entered Keiō University in Tokyo to study with the novelist Nagai Kafū in 1910, but he had

graphic design: Postwar graphic design in Japan: …emerged in the work of Satō Kōichi, who from the 1970s created an otherworldly, metaphysical design statement. He used softly glowing blends of colour, richly coloured and modulated calligraphy, and stylized illustrations to create poetic visual statements that ranged from contemplative quietude to celebratory exuberance. For example, in his poster…

Satō Nobuhiro was a scientist and an early advocate of Westernization in Japan. He favoured the development of an authoritarian type of government based on Western science and political institutions. Satō was born into a family of agricultural and mining specialists. At an early age he attempted to

Kishi Nobusuke was a statesman whose term as prime minister of Japan (1957–60) was marked by a turbulent opposition campaign against a new U.S.–Japan security treaty agreed to by his government. Born Satō Nobusuke, an older brother of future prime minister Satō Eisaku, he was adopted by a paternal

Saigyō was a Japanese Buddhist priest-poet, one of the greatest masters of the tanka (a traditional Japanese poetic form), whose life and works became the subject matter of many narratives, plays, and puppet dramas. He originally followed his father in a military career, but, like others of his

seahorse: …from Indonesia to Vanuatu, and Satomi’s pygmy seahorse (H. satomiae), found in the tropical Indian and Pacific Oceans from the Bay of Bengal to the Coral Sea—are less than 2 cm long. The largest species, the big-bellied seahorse (H. abdominalis), which inhabits the waters off South Australia and

sator square, early Latin word puzzle or cryptogram. It is the most well-known example of a lettered magic square, with 25 letters that make up a five-by-five grid of acrostic Latin palindromes. The words found in a sator square are SATOR (“sower” or “planter”), AREPO (an unknown word, possibly a

sator square, early Latin word puzzle or cryptogram. It is the most well-known example of a lettered magic square, with 25 letters that make up a five-by-five grid of acrostic Latin palindromes. The words found in a sator square are SATOR (“sower” or “planter”), AREPO (an unknown word, possibly a

Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén: Sátoraljaújhely, just north of Sárospatak, is a commercial centre with Baroque houses and a Piarist church dating from about the 13th century. In the southwest of the county is the Matyó area, centred on Mezőkövesd, where quaint ornate local costumes survive. On the Mohi lowlands,…

Satori, in Zen Buddhism of Japan, the inner, intuitive experience of Enlightenment; Satori is said to be unexplainable, indescribable, and unintelligible by reason and logic. It is comparable to the experience undergone by Gautama Buddha when he sat under the Bo tree and, as such, is the central

gnosticism: Adversus haereses: …those of Simon Magus, Menander, Satornil (or Saturninus) of Antioch, Basilides, Carpocrates, Marcellina, Cerinthus, Cerdo, Marcion of Sinope, Tatian, and the Ebionites.

Satoshi Nakamoto is the presumed pseudonym used by the person (or persons) who helped develop the first Bitcoin software and introduced the concept of cryptocurrency to the general public via the paper “Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System” (2008). Nakamoto was the first to solve the