Jafar Panahi: …he directed Talā-ye sorkh (Crimson Gold), which begins with a robbery at a jewelry store. The rest of the film is a flashback that follows the robber, a poor pizza deliveryman, as he encounters inequities and injustice. Offside (2006) centres on six young female soccer fans who try to…

Jalal Talabani was an Iraqi Kurdish politician who served as president of Iraq (2005–14). Talabani’s involvement in politics began at an early age. He joined the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) at age 14 and was elected to the KDP’s central committee at age 18. In 1956 he founded the Kurdistan

Mon, people living in the eastern delta region of Myanmar (Burma) and in west-central Thailand, numbering in the early 21st century somewhere between one and five million, though less than a third speak the Mon language. The Mon have lived in their present area for more than 1,200 years, and they

Mon language, Mon-Khmer language spoken by the Mon people of southeastern Myanmar (Lower Burma) and several Mon communities in Thailand. The oldest inscriptions, dating from the 6th century, are found in central Thailand in archaeological sites associated with the Dvaravati kingdom. Numerous Old

Talak, extensive sandy dune region of northwestern Niger, west of the Aïr massif. It covers about 40,000 square miles (100,000 square km) and is drained by a number of small, ephemeral watercourses, the longest of which, the Azaouak, eventually empties into the Niger River. Dinosaur fossils have

Hussein: …Abdullah in Jerusalem, his father, Talal, ascended to the throne but was in 1952 declared unfit to rule by parliament owing to mental illness. King Talal abdicated in favour of Hussein, who, after spending some months at Sandhurst Royal Military College in England, assumed full constitutional powers on May 2,…

Cordillera de Talamanca, range in southern Costa Rica, extending to the border with western Panama. Its highest peak, Chirripó Grande, rises to 12,530 feet (3,819 metres). Poor transportation facilities limit access to the Talamanca region, where several national parks and Indian reservations are

Talambo affair, (1862), attack by Peruvian workers on Spanish Basque immigrants on the hacienda (estate) of Talambo, in northern Peru; this incident led to the Spanish war against Peru (1864–66), the last attempt by Spain to reestablish hegemony over any of its former colonies in the Americas.

La Rioja: Talampaya National Park in southwestern La Rioja and adjacent Ischigualasto Provincial Park in neighbouring northeastern San Juan province were collectively designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2000. Together, the two parks occupy more than 1,060 square miles (2,750 square km) of the desert region…

talapoin, (genus Miopithecus), either of two small species of monkeys found in swamp forests on each side of the lower Congo River and neighbouring river systems. Talapoins are the smallest of the Old World monkeys, weighing less than 2 kg (4.4 pounds). M. talapoin, which lives south and east of

Talara, city, northwestern Peru, on the Pacific Ocean. Rebuilt and developed by the International Petroleum Company (which provided workers’ housing, hospitals, and schools), it is a refining and shipping port for Peru’s main oil-producing region. To the southwest, near the foot of the La Brea

Talas Alataū Range, mountain range, a branch of the Tien Shan system that rises to 13,200 feet (4,023 metres) and forms part of the watershed of the upper Talas River in

Tien Shan: Geology of Tien Shan: …have occurred along the great Talas Fergana Fault, which traverses nearly the entire Tien Shan system along the northeastern slopes of the Fergana Kyrka Mountains and its northwestern extension. The deep faults are associated with catastrophic earthquakes that occurred at Verny (1887), at Kashgar (Kashi; 1902), in the northern Tien…

Kyrgyzstan: Relief: …country are the Chu and Talas river valleys in the north, with the capital, Bishkek, located in the Chu. The country’s lowland areas, though occupying only one-seventh of the total area, are home to most of its people.

Talat Paşa was a leader of the Young Turks, an Ottoman statesman, grand vizier (1917–18), and a leading member of the Ottoman government from 1913 to 1918. The son of a minor Ottoman official, Talat joined the staff of the telegraph company in Edirne, but he was soon arrested (1893) for subversive

Talaud Islands, island group of northern Indonesia, situated about 225 miles (360 km) northeast of Celebes (Sulawesi). Along with the Sangihe Islands to the west and south, the Talaud Islands are administered from Manado, the capital of North Sulawesi provinsi (province). The group, with a total

Talaud Islands, island group of northern Indonesia, situated about 225 miles (360 km) northeast of Celebes (Sulawesi). Along with the Sangihe Islands to the west and south, the Talaud Islands are administered from Manado, the capital of North Sulawesi provinsi (province). The group, with a total

Talaud Islands, island group of northern Indonesia, situated about 225 miles (360 km) northeast of Celebes (Sulawesi). Along with the Sangihe Islands to the west and south, the Talaud Islands are administered from Manado, the capital of North Sulawesi provinsi (province). The group, with a total

Talaud Islands, island group of northern Indonesia, situated about 225 miles (360 km) northeast of Celebes (Sulawesi). Along with the Sangihe Islands to the west and south, the Talaud Islands are administered from Manado, the capital of North Sulawesi provinsi (province). The group, with a total

Talavera de la Reina, city, Toledo provincia (provincia), in the comunidad autónoma (autonomous community) of Castile-La Mancha, central Spain, on the northern bank of the Tagus River near its confluence with the Alberche. The city originated as the Roman Caesarobriga and was conquered by King

Spain: The War of Independence: As the main battles—Talavera (July 1809) and Vitoria (June 1813)—were fought by Wellington, the guerrillas pinned down French garrisons, intercepted dispatches, and isolated convoys.

Isabella I: Reign: …different and remarkable men as Hernando de Talavera and Cardinal Cisneros. A policy of reforming the Spanish churches had begun early in the 15th century, but the movement gathered momentum only under Isabella and Talavera. When in 1492 Talavera became archbishop of Granada, his place at the queen’s side was…

Balearic Islands: History: …islands, and, although the prehistoric Talayotic civilization (so termed from its characteristic rough stone towers called talayots) seems to have continued without much modification, the focal position of the islands in the Mediterranean laid them open to continued influence from civilizations centred farther to the east, as many archaeological finds…

Tumut River: …Reservoir, which is impounded by Talbingo Dam. This dam, when built in 1971, was the highest dam in Australia (532 feet [162 m]); its power station is the largest in the Snowy Mountains project.

talbīyah, in Islām, the formulaic pronouncement labbaykah allāhummah labbaykah (“at your service, O Lord, at your service”), recited especially during a pilgrimage when pious Muslims perform the ṭawāf—i.e., walk around the sacred shrine of the Kaʿbah. The question whether the talbīyah is obligatory

Talbot, county, east-central Maryland, U.S. It adjoins Chesapeake Bay to the west, the Choptank River to the south and southeast, and Tuckahoe Creek to the northeast and includes Tilghman and Poplar islands. The jagged coast is carved by the Wye East, Tred Avon, and Miles rivers and by Harris and

automobile: The age of the classic cars: Delahaye, Hotchkiss, Talbot (Darracq), and Voisin of France; the Duesenberg, Cadillac, Packard, and Pierce-Arrow of the United States; the Horch, Maybach, and Mercedes-Benz of Germany; the Belgian Minerva; and the

Easton, town, seat of Talbot county, eastern Maryland, U.S. It is situated in the tidewater region along the eastern shore of Chesapeake Bay, near the head of Tred Avon River (estuary). It was settled by Quakers in 1682 and established as a town in 1710 when the area was chosen as the site of the

Arthur Newell Talbot was a civil engineer who was a foremost authority on reinforced concrete construction. He was instrumental in establishing an engineering experiment station in 1904 at the University of Illinois (Urbana-Champaign), the first of its kind. Talbot’s extensive studies on stresses

Charles Talbot, duke and 12th earl of Shrewsbury was an English statesman who played a leading part in the Glorious Revolution (1688–89) and who was largely responsible for the peaceful succession of the Hanoverian George I to the English throne in 1714. Although he displayed great determination in

Mary Anne Talbot was a British woman who served in the English army and navy disguised as a man. She was later known as the "British Amazon." Talbot’s mother died at her birth, and she believed herself to be the illegitimate child of William Talbot, 1st Earl Talbot. She was seduced in 1792 by

Richard Talbot, earl of Tyrconnell was an Irish Jacobite, a leader in the war (1689–91) waged by Irish Roman Catholics against the Protestant king William III of England. The son of Sir William Talbot, a Roman Catholic lawyer and politician, Richard fought with the royalist forces in Ireland during

William Henry Fox Talbot was an English chemist, linguist, archaeologist, and pioneer photographer. He is best known for his development of the calotype, an early photographic process that was an improvement over the daguerreotype of the French inventor Louis Daguerre. Talbot’s calotypes used a

human eye: Flicker: …this is known as the Talbot-Plateau law.

Richard Talbot, earl of Tyrconnell was an Irish Jacobite, a leader in the war (1689–91) waged by Irish Roman Catholics against the Protestant king William III of England. The son of Sir William Talbot, a Roman Catholic lawyer and politician, Richard fought with the royalist forces in Ireland during

calotype, early photographic technique invented by William Henry Fox Talbot of Great Britain in the 1830s. In this technique, a sheet of paper coated with silver chloride was exposed to light in a camera obscura; those areas hit by light became dark in tone, yielding a negative image. The

talc, common silicate mineral that is distinguished from almost all other minerals by its extreme softness (it has the lowest rating [1] on the Mohs scale of hardness). Its soapy or greasy feel accounts for the name soapstone given to compact aggregates of talc and other rock-forming minerals.

Talca, city, central Chile. It lies in the Central Valley near the Maule River. Founded in 1692 by Tomás Marín de Poveda, it was destroyed by earthquakes in 1742 and 1928 and was completely rebuilt. It is now a major urban centre midway between Santiago, 160 miles (260 km) to the north-northeast,

Talca: The University of Talca was founded in 1981. A transportation hub, Talca is on the Pan-American Highway and the main north-south railroad. A branch railroad runs west from the city to the coastal city of Constitución, and a road crosses the Andes into Argentina. Pop. (2002)…

Talcahuano, city, south-central Chile. It lies on a small peninsula that forms the southwestern shore of Concepción Bay, just north-northwest of the city of Concepción, for which it became the outport after an earthquake in 1730. Talcahuano remained a major port into the early 21st century. It is

Taldyqorghan, city, southeastern Kazakhstan. It is situated on the left bank of the Karatal River and in the western foothills of the Dzungarian Alatau Range. It grew up on the site of Gavrilovka village, founded in the second half of the 19th century, and it developed particularly after the

Taldyqorghan, city, southeastern Kazakhstan. It is situated on the left bank of the Karatal River and in the western foothills of the Dzungarian Alatau Range. It grew up on the site of Gavrilovka village, founded in the second half of the 19th century, and it developed particularly after the

African literature: The tale: The riddle, lyric, and proverb are the materials that are at the dynamic centre of the tale. The riddle contains within it the possibilities of metaphor; and the proverb elaborates the metaphorical possibilities when the images of the tale are made lyrical—that is, when…

Zhang Junxiang: …published play, Xiaocheng gushi (1940; Tale of a Small Town), is a comedy about the psychological conflicts of a woman in love. Wanshi shibiao (1943; “Model Teacher of Myriad Generations”), considered his best play, follows the fortunes of a group of Chinese intellectuals from 1919 to 1937.

A Tale of a Tub, prose satire by Jonathan Swift, written between 1696 and 1699, published anonymously in 1704, and expanded in 1710. Regarded as Swift’s first major work, it has three parts: “A Tale of a Tub,” an energetic defense of literature and religion against zealous pedantry; “The Battle of

English literature: Jonson: …with the Shakespearean romance, and A Tale of a Tub (1633), which resurrects the Elizabethan country farce.

Kate DiCamillo: …a Spool of Thread (2003; film 2008), DiCamillo’s third novel, is the story of a nonconformist mouse who falls in love with the princess of the castle in which his family lives. Her other novels include The Miraculous Journey of Edward Tulane (2006), which features a conceited china rabbit that…

Kate DiCamillo: …Newbery Medal in 2004 for The Tale of Despereaux (2003) and another in 2014 for Flora & Ulysses: The Illuminated Adventures (2013).

Enchi Fumiko: A Tale of False Fortunes) purports to be a manuscript from the Heian period (794–1185) that describes the rival courts of the two consorts of Emperor Ichijō. It is a tour de force, possible only because of Enchi’s special knowledge of the period. Her translation…

Fujiwara Family: Peak of Fujiwara power and glory.: …romance, the Eiga monogatari (A Tale of Flowering Fortunes, 1980), by an unknown author.

The Tale of Gamelyn, anonymous English metrical romance of some 900 lines, written c. 1350 in the East Midland dialect of Middle English, in rhymed couplets. Based on English folklore, it tells of Gamelyn, son of Sir John de Boundys, who is deprived of his inheritance by his brother and becomes an

The Tale of Genji, masterpiece of Japanese literature by Murasaki Shikibu. Written at the start of the 11th century, it is generally considered the world’s first novel. Murasaki Shikibu composed The Tale of Genji while a lady in attendance at the Japanese court, likely completing it about 1010.

Nguyen Du: …translation by Huynh Sanh Thong, The Tale of Kieu: The Classic Vietnamese Verse Novel; 1973). As an exploration of the Buddhist doctrine of karmic retribution for individual sins, his poem expresses his personal suffering and deep humanism. He also wrote “Words of a Young Hat Seller,” a shorter poem in…

Amos Oz: …Sipur ʿal ahavah ve-ḥoshekh (2002; A Tale of Love and Darkness) drew wide critical acclaim. Temunot me-hạye ha-kefar (2009; Scenes from Village Life) and Ben hạverim (2012; Between Friends) are, respectively, a novel set in an Israeli village and a collection of short stories set on a kibbutz. Ha-Beśorah ʿal-pi…

Japanese literature: Kamakura period (1192–1333): …credited also with a novel, Matsura no miya monogatari (“Tale of Matsura Shrine,” Eng. trans. The Tale of Matsura). Though it is unfinished and awkwardly constructed, its dreamlike atmosphere lingers in the mind with the overtones of Teika’s poetry; dreams of the past were indeed the refuge of the medieval…

The Tale of Melibeus, one of the 24 stories in The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer. Reproved by the host of the inn for his tedious narrative of “The Tale of Sir Thopas,” Chaucer in his own persona offers this prose allegory, a close translation of a French adaptation of a 13th-century Italian

The Tale of Melibeus, one of the 24 stories in The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer. Reproved by the host of the inn for his tedious narrative of “The Tale of Sir Thopas,” Chaucer in his own persona offers this prose allegory, a close translation of a French adaptation of a 13th-century Italian

Western theatre: Melodrama: …acknowledgement) by Thomas Holcroft as A Tale of Mystery and in 1802 became the very first melodrama to be seen in England.

The Tale of Peter Rabbit, one of the best-selling children’s books of all time, written and illustrated by Beatrix Potter, printed privately in 1901 and commercially published in 1902. It centres on the mischievous Peter Rabbit, whose disobedience leads to trouble. The story combines humour and

Vasco Pratolini: Cronache di poveri amanti (1947; A Tale of Poor Lovers), which has been called one of the finest works of Italian Neorealism, became an immediate best-seller and won two international literary prizes. The novel gives a panoramic view of the Florentine poor at the time of the Fascist triumph in…

James De Mille: …and historical romances, such as A Tale of Rome in the First Century (1867). Writings for young readers included the “B.O.W.C.” (“Brethren of the White Cross”) series, the first popular boys’ adventure stories produced in Canada. De Mille’s imagination ranged furthest in A Strange Manuscript Found in a Copper Cylinder…

The Tale of Sir Thopas, one of the 24 stories in The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer. Chaucer himself narrates this tale, a witty parody of the worst poetic romances. In insipid language, obvious rhyme, and plodding rhythm, the poet tells of Sir Thopas’s search for the Elf Queen and of his

Japanese literature: Prose: …in Taketori monogatari (10th century; Tale of the Bamboo Cutter), a fairy tale about a princess who comes from the Moon to dwell on Earth in the house of a humble bamboo cutter; the various tests she imposes on her suitors, fantastic though they are, are described with humour and…

Anne Rice: The Vampire Chronicles: …Queen of the Damned (1988), The Tale of the Body Thief (1992), Memnoch the Devil (1995), The Vampire Armand (1998), Merrick (2000), Blood and Gold (2001), Blackwood Farm (2002), Blood Canticle (2003), Prince Lestat (2014),

Sergey Prokofiev: Pre-Revolutionary period: The ballet The Tale of the Buffoon Who Outjested Seven Buffoons (1915; reworked as The Buffoon, 1915–20), also commissioned by Diaghilev, was based on a folktale; it served as a stimulus for Prokofiev’s searching experiments in the renewal of Russian music. Despite Diaghilev’s assertion of the priority…

animation: Animation in Europe: …unfaithful wife, and the feature-length The Tale of the Fox (1930), based on German folktales as retold by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. A Russian working in France, Alexandre Alexeïeff, developed the pinscreen, a board perforated by some 500,000 pins that could be raised or lowered, which created patterns of light…

Heike monogatari, medieval Japanese epic, which is to the Japanese what the Iliad is to the Western world—a prolific source of later dramas, ballads, and tales. It stems from unwritten traditional tales and variant texts composed between 1190 and 1221, which were gathered together (c. 1240),

Studio Ghibli: International success and later works: …and Kaguyahime no monogatari (2013; The Tale of the Princess Kaguya).

First Book of Esdras: …only new material is the “Tale of the Three Guardsmen,” a Persian folk story that was slightly altered to fit a Jewish context.

Boris Pilnyak: …his Povest nepogashennoy luny (The Tale of the Unextinguished Moon), a scarcely veiled account of the death of Mikhail Vasilyevich Frunze, the famous military commander, during an operation. The issue of the magazine in which the tale was published was withdrawn immediately, and a new issue omitting it was…

Jack Conway: Heyday of the 1930s: …made arguably his finest film, A Tale of Two Cities, an adaptation of Charles Dickens’s classic novel. The lavish David O. Selznick production featured Ronald Colman as the heroic Sydney Carton, Basil Rathbone as the aristocrat Marquis St. Evrémonde, and Blanche Yurka as the villainous Madame Defarge.

A Tale of Two Cities, novel by Charles Dickens, published both serially and in book form in 1859. The story is set in the late 18th century against the background of the French Revolution. Although Dickens borrowed from Thomas Carlyle’s history, The French Revolution, for his sprawling tale of

black swan event: …black swan was popularized by Nassim Nicholas Taleb, a professor, economist, and writer. He initially explored black swan events in the context of financial markets in the early 21st century and then expanded his scope to include historical, scientific, and other events. Taleb argues that, while human beings are good…

Taliban, ultraconservative political and religious faction that emerged in Afghanistan in the mid-1990s following the withdrawal of Soviet troops, the collapse of Afghanistan’s communist regime, and the subsequent breakdown in civil order. It began as a small force of Afghan religious students and

Taliban, ultraconservative political and religious faction that emerged in Afghanistan in the mid-1990s following the withdrawal of Soviet troops, the collapse of Afghanistan’s communist regime, and the subsequent breakdown in civil order. It began as a small force of Afghan religious students and

Kathmandu: …the Malla kings, which includes Taleju temple (1549), built by Raja Mahindra Malla. The palace’s main gate is guarded by a figure of the god Hanuman; in a small, adjoining square are several pagoda-style temples.

Talence, town, Gironde département, Nouvelle-Aquitaine région, southwestern France, a southern suburb of Bordeaux. It is a centre for jet aircraft production and has light industry and wine making. An extension of Bordeaux University (now Bordeaux University I), with housing for 30,000 students,

Paramanuchit: Paramanuchit’s masterpiece is the Taleng Phai (“The Defeat of the Mons”), the heroic epic of the struggle of King Naresvara of Ayutthaya to liberate his country from Myanmar (Burmese) rule and of his famous single combat with the crown prince of Myanmar in 1590. His concluding section of the…

Tallensi, a people of northern Ghana who speak a language of the Gur branch of the Niger-Congo language family. They grow millet and sorghum as staples and raise cattle, sheep, and goats on a small scale. Their normal domestic unit is the polygamous joint family of a man and his sons (and sometimes

genius: Genius is distinguished from talent, both quantitatively and qualitatively. Talent refers to a native aptitude for some special kind of work and implies a relatively quick and easy acquisition of a particular skill within a domain (sphere of activity or knowledge). Genius, on the other hand, involves originality, creativity,…

talent, unit of weight used by many ancient civilizations, such as the Hebrews, Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans. The weight of a talent and its relationship to its major subdivision, the mina, varied considerably over time and location in the ancient world. The most common ratio of the talent to the

Tom Ripley: The series began with The Talented Mr. Ripley (1955). Other books about the character include Ripley Under Ground (1970), Ripley’s Game (1974), and The Boy Who Followed Ripley (1980).

Sydney Pollack: Last films: …were Sense and Sensibility (1995), The Talented Mr. Ripley (1999), and Cold Mountain (2003).

Talented Tenth, (1903), concept espoused by black educator and author W.E.B. Du Bois, emphasizing the necessity for higher education to develop the leadership capacity among the most able 10 percent of black Americans. Du Bois was one of a number of black intellectuals who feared that what they saw

Jáchymov: …German monetary unit taler, or thaler, from which the English word dollar is derived, refers to the Joachimsthaler, a coin first minted in Jáchymov in 1517.

Jean de La Fontaine: Miscellaneous writings and the Contes: …his miscellaneous works, La Fontaine’s Contes et nouvelles en vers (Tales and Novels in Verse) considerably exceed the Fables in bulk. The first of them was published in 1664, the last posthumously. He borrowed them mostly from Italian sources, in particular Giovanni Boccaccio, but he preserved none of the 14th-century…

Rohinton Mistry: His collection of short stories, Tales from Firozsha Baag (1987; also published as Swimming Lessons and Other Stories from Firozsha Baag), was warmly greeted by critics and general readers alike for its insights into the complex lives of the Parsi inhabitants of Firozsha Baag, an apartment building in Mumbai.

René Philombe: …Lettres de ma cambuse (1964; Tales from My Hut, 1977), which he had written in 1957, won the Prix Mottard of the Académie Française. His other published works include Sola, ma chérie (1966; “Sola, My Darling”), a novel about seemingly unjust marriage customs; Un Sorcier blanc à Zangali (1970; “A…

English literature: Poetry: With Tales from Ovid (1997) and his versions of Aeschylus’s Oresteia (1999) and Euripides’ Alcestis (1999), he looked back even further. These works—part translation, part transformation—magnificently reenergize classic texts with Hughes’s own imaginative powers and preoccupations. Heaney impressively effected a similar feat in his fine translation…

Charles Lamb: …Lamb and his sister published Tales from Shakespear, a retelling of the plays for children, and in 1809 they published Mrs. Leicester’s School, a collection of stories supposedly told by pupils of a school in Hertfordshire. In 1808 Charles published a children’s version of the Odyssey, called The Adventures of…

Jodie Foster: Later credits: Nyad and True Detective: …television series as well, including Tales from the Darkside, Orange Is the New Black, and House of Cards.

Black horror: Notable Black horror films: • Tales from the Hood (1995) is an anthology of four tales that a funeral-home director tells to three drug dealers about police brutality, domestic abuse, racist politicians, and gang violence.

Yes: …to the Edge (1972) and Tales from Topographic Oceans (1973).

Karel Čapek: … (both 1929; published together as Tales from Two Pockets).

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow: The Song of Hiawatha, Paul Revere’s Ride, and other poetry: The Tales of a Wayside Inn, modeled roughly on Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales and published in 1863, reveals his narrative gift. The first poem, “Paul Revere’s Ride,” became a national favourite. Written in anapestic tetrameter meant to suggest the galloping of a horse, this folk…

J.K. Rowling: Harry on the big screen and on stage: …Through the Ages (2001); and The Tales of Beedle the Bard (2008)—all of which originated as books read by Harry Potter and his friends within the fictional world of the series. Proceeds from their sales were donated to charity.

Louise Erdrich: Novels: Tales of Burning Love (1996) and The Antelope Wife (1998) detail tumultuous relationships between men and women and their aftermath.

History of film: Great Britain: …The Red Shoes, 1948, and The Tales of Hoffman, 1951). There were exceptions to this trend in a series of witty, irreverent comedies made for Michael Balcon’s Ealing Studios (Kind Hearts and Coronets, 1949; The Lavender Hill Mob, 1951; The Man in the White Suit, 1951), most of them starring…

The Tales of Hoffmann, opera by German-born French composer Jacques Offenbach, with a French libretto by Michel Carré and Jules Barbier, the latter of whom was a coauthor of the play of the same name, from which the opera was derived. The opera premiered in Paris on February 10, 1881. It was the

Xiao Hong: …finished writing Hulanhe zhuan (1942; Tales of Hulan River). With this semiautobiographical novel, her best-known work, she developed a new kind of “lyric-style fiction” that lies between fiction and nonfiction, prose and verse. She died of respiratory problems shortly after Hong Kong fell to the Japanese.