Mabel Normand: …thrown a custard pie at Ben Turpin, thus creating what soon became a classic film comedy bit.

Dick Turpin was an English robber who became celebrated in legend and fiction. Son of an alehouse keeper, Turpin was apprenticed to a butcher, but, having been detected at cattle stealing, he joined a notorious gang of deer stealers and smugglers in Essex. When the gang was broken up, Turpin in

Sugar Ray Robinson: …lost the 160-pound title to Randy Turpin of England in 1951 and regained it from Turpin later that year. In 1952 he narrowly missed defeating Joey Maxim for the light-heavyweight (175-pound) crown and a few months later retired.

Dick Turpin was an English robber who became celebrated in legend and fiction. Son of an alehouse keeper, Turpin was apprenticed to a butcher, but, having been detected at cattle stealing, he joined a notorious gang of deer stealers and smugglers in Essex. When the gang was broken up, Turpin in

Terence: …to have the services of Lucius Ambivius Turpio, a leading actor who had promoted the career of Caecilius, the major comic playwright of the preceding generation. Now in old age, the actor did the same for Terence. Yet not all of Terence’s productions enjoyed success. The Hecyra failed twice: its…

Sierra Maestra: …the Caribbean coast, culminating in Turquino Peak, Cuba’s highest peak, 6,476 feet (1,974 metres) above sea level. The Sierra Maestra’s slopes yield mahogany, cedar, ebony, and other hardwoods and are used for coffee growing. Deposits of copper, iron, manganese, silver, chromium, asphalt, and marble are found in the mountains. The…

turquoise, hydrated copper and aluminum phosphate [CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O] that is extensively used as a gemstone. It is a secondary mineral deposited from circulating waters, and it occurs chiefly in arid environments as blue to greenish, waxy veinlets in alumina-rich, weathered, volcanic, or

Wars of the Vendée: …by the Republican commander General Louis-Marie Turreau de Garambouville provoked further resistance. With the recall of Turreau (May) and the rise to power of the moderate Thermidorian faction in Paris (July), a more conciliatory policy was adopted. In December the government announced an amnesty, and on Feb. 17, 1795, the…

James Turrell is an American artist known for work that explored the relationship of light and space. As a child, Turrell developed an interest in cosmological phenomena, owing, in part, to flights he took with his father, an aeronautical engineer; Turrell earned his own pilot’s license at the age

machine tool: Turret lathes: …first is a multiple-sided main turret, which takes the place of the tailstock on the engine lathe. A variety of turning, drilling, boring, reaming, and thread-cutting tools can be fastened to the main turret, which can be rotated intermittently about its vertical axis with a hand wheel. Either a hand…

clock: …towers and known today as turret clocks. These early devices struck only the hours and did not have hands or a dial.

machine tool: History: The turret lathe, also developed in the United States in the middle of the 19th century, was fully automatic in some operations, such as making screws, and it presaged the momentous developments of the 20th century. Various gear-cutting machines reached their full development in 1896 when…

Calvinism: Further theological development: …Institutes of Elenctic Theology) of François Turretin, chief pastor of Geneva. Although the title of his work recalled Calvin’s masterpiece, the work itself bore little resemblance to the Institutes of the Christian Religion (1536); it was not published in the vernacular, and its dialectical structure followed the model of the…

tank: World War II: …ISU, which in effect were turretless tanks. In addition, all armies developed lightly armoured self-propelled antitank guns. The U.S. Army developed a specialized category of tank destroyers that resembled self-propelled guns in being relatively lightly armoured but that, like tanks, had rotating turrets.

gastropod: Classification: … (Terebridae), cone shells (Conidae) and turrid shells (Turridae) are carnivorous marine snails with poison glands attached to highly modified radular teeth; several cone shells have caused human deaths through poisoning and can catch and kill fish. Subclass Opisthobranchia Shell reduced or lacking, usually too small for withdrawal of animal; mantle…

gastropod: Classification: … (Terebridae), cone shells (Conidae) and turrid shells (Turridae) are carnivorous marine snails with poison glands attached to highly modified radular teeth; several cone shells have caused human deaths through poisoning and can catch and kill fish. Subclass Opisthobranchia Shell reduced or lacking, usually too small for withdrawal of animal; mantle…

Porto Torres, town, northwestern Sardinia, Italy. It lies along the Gulf of Asinara (an inlet of the Mediterranean) at the mouth of the Mannu River, just northwest of Sassari city, for which it is the port. Originally a Phoenician port, it was later controlled by the Carthaginians and by the

turritellid, (genus Turritella), any of several species of gastropods (snails) abundantly represented in fossil and living form from the Cretaceous Period, which began about 144 million years ago, up to the present. Many forms or species of turritellids are known; all are characterized by a high,

turritellid, (genus Turritella), any of several species of gastropods (snails) abundantly represented in fossil and living form from the Cretaceous Period, which began about 144 million years ago, up to the present. Many forms or species of turritellids are known; all are characterized by a high,

bottlenose dolphin, (genus Tursiops), any of two or three species of oceanic dolphins classified within the marine mammal family Delphinidae and characterized by a bottle-shaped snout. The common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), which is the most widely recognized dolphin species, is found

bottlenose dolphin: In contrast, the Indian Ocean bottlenose dolphin (T. aduncus) inhabits continental shelf areas of the Indian Ocean and the waters fringing Southeast Asia, Indonesia, and Australia. The southern Australian bottlenose dolphin (T. australis), or Burrunan dolphin, is considered by some researchers to be a

bottlenose dolphin: The southern Australian bottlenose dolphin (T. australis), or Burrunan dolphin, is considered by some researchers to be a third species, whereas others argue that it is a subspecies of the Indian Ocean bottlenose dolphin. It frequents the waters off Australia’s southern and southeastern shores and has…

dolphin: …species are the common and bottlenose dolphins (Delphinus delphis and Tursiops truncatus, respectively). The bottlenose, characterized by a “built-in smile” formed by the curvature of its mouth, has become a familiar performer in oceanariums. It has also become the subject of scientific studies because of its intelligence and ability to…

Thurstan was the archbishop of York whose tenure was marked by disputes over precedence with the see of Canterbury and with the Scottish bishoprics. He was made archbishop by King Henry I, but had to wait for consecration by Pope Calixtus II, because he refused to profess obedience to Ralph,

Tursunzoda, city, Tajikistan. It lies in the west-central part of the republic, near the border with Uzbekistan. The city developed as a regional centre for an agricultural district in the western part of the Gissar valley. In 1975, however, the city’s economic emphasis changed when one of the

Tajikistan: Literature: … (1935; Crown and Banner) and Mirzo Tursunzade’s Hasani arobakash (1954; Hasan the Cart Driver) responded to the changes of the Soviet era. The latter’s lyric cycle Sadoyi Osiyo (1956; The Voice of Asia) won major communist awards. A number of female writers, notably the popular poet Gulrukhsor Safieva, circulated their…

Tursunzoda, city, Tajikistan. It lies in the west-central part of the republic, near the border with Uzbekistan. The city developed as a regional centre for an agricultural district in the western part of the Gissar valley. In 1975, however, the city’s economic emphasis changed when one of the

Turtle, one-man submarine, the first to be put to military use, built and designed by the American inventor David Bushnell (q.v.) in 1775 for use against British warships. The pear-shaped vessel, made of oak reinforced with iron bands, measured about 2.3 m (7.5 feet) long by 1.8 m (6 feet) wide. It

turtle, (order Testudines), any reptile with a body encased in a bony shell, including tortoises. Although numerous animals, from invertebrates to mammals, have evolved shells, none has an architecture like that of turtles. The turtle shell has a top (carapace) and a bottom (plastron). The carapace

Glenda Jackson: …of the Soldier (1982); and Turtle Diary (1985). In the early 1990s she also appeared in a series of TV movies, including A Murder of Quality (1991) and The Secret Life of Arnold Bax (1992). During this time she continued to act on the stage, and her notable theatre credits…

turtledove, (Streptopelia turtur), European and North African bird of the pigeon family, Columbidae (order Columbiformes), that is the namesake of its genus. The turtledove is 28 cm (11 inches) long. Its body is reddish brown, the head is blue-gray, and the tail is marked with a white tip. It is a

Hydrocharitaceae: Turtle grass (Thalassia species) is often washed ashore in such quantities following storms at sea that it is collected and used as a fertilizer. Hydrilla verticillata, the sole member of its genus, is a troublesome aquatic weed in many places.

American literature: Experimentation and Beat poetry: …of Eastern religion who, in Turtle Island (1974), continued the American tradition of nature poetry.

Alice Hoffman: …Island suburb in 1959–60, and Turtle Moon (1992) contemplates the status of single mothers. Practical Magic (1995; film 1998) is about two sisters trying to leave behind their family’s tradition of witchcraft. The book was the first in a popular series that included the prequels The Rules of Magic (2017)…

Cape Canaveral: …once inhabited the region, including Turtle Mound (35 feet [11 metres] high). The area is an important nesting place for sea turtles and provides habitat for more than 300 species of birds. The Intracoastal Waterway passes through the northern part of Mosquito Lagoon before entering a canal into the Indian…

turtle soup, a stewlike soup made with turtle meat, common in Asia and in Creole cuisine in the United States. The soup gets its consistency from a roux, a thickening agent made by cooking flour and fat together. Turtle soup also typically contains turtle stock, hard-boiled eggs, and various spices

Muhammad Ali: …but Ali called it “rope-a-dope.” The strategy was that, instead of moving around the ring, Ali chose to fight for extended periods of time leaning back into the ropes in order to avoid many of Foreman’s heaviest blows.

Beloit, city, Rock county, southern Wisconsin, U.S. It lies along the Illinois state line at the confluence of the Rock River and Turtle Creek, about 15 miles (25 km) south of Janesville. The area had recently been inhabited by Ho-Chunk Nation (Winnebago) Indians when the first permanent settler,

salt dome: Physical characteristics of salt domes.: These highs, called remnant highs or turtleback highs, do not have as much vertical relief as the salt domes among which they are interspersed. Present-day structure of strata around salt domes may not in every instance coincide with the present-day position of the salt. This offset relationship suggests…

turtledove, (Streptopelia turtur), European and North African bird of the pigeon family, Columbidae (order Columbiformes), that is the namesake of its genus. The turtledove is 28 cm (11 inches) long. Its body is reddish brown, the head is blue-gray, and the tail is marked with a white tip. It is a

John Green: Turtles All the Way Down (2017) deals with mental illness. The story is told from the perspective of Aza, who suffers from obsessive-compulsive disorder and comes to realize that she must learn to accept her illness in order to lead a fulfilling life.

Uxmal: …the Governor’s Palace, is the House of Turtles, a smaller building so called from its frieze of sculptured turtles.

the Turtles, American band popular in the mid-1960s that specialized in vocally rich, craftily arranged pop music. The original members were Howard Kaylan (original name Howard Kaplan; b. June 22, 1947, New York, New York, U.S.), Mark Volman (b. April 19, 1947, Los Angeles, California), Al Nichol

Do the Right Thing: Plot and characters: The film is set on an extremely hot day in Brooklyn and follows several residents in the predominantly Black neighborhood of

history of Mesopotamia: The Hurrians: …with the Hurrian tribe of Turukku south of Lake Urmia (some 150 miles from the Caspian Sea’s southwest corner), but these were mountain campaigns, not the warding off of an offensive. Proper names in cuneiform texts, their frequency increasing in the period of Ur III, constitute the chief evidence for…

dress: Korea: (jacket), paji (trousers), and turumagi (overcoat), were probably worn at a very early date, but the characteristic two-piece costume of today did not begin to evolve until the period of the Three Kingdoms (c. 57 bce–668 ce). During the early part of this period both men and women wore…

Alvar Aalto: Early work: These were the Turun Sanomat Building (newspaper office) in Turku, the tuberculosis sanatorium at Paimio, and the Municipal Library at Viipuri (now Vyborg, Russia). His plans for the last two were chosen in a competition, a common practice with public buildings in Finland. Both the office building and…

dervish, any member of a Ṣūfī (Muslim mystic) fraternity, or tariqa. Within the Ṣūfī fraternities, which were first organized in the 12th century, an established leadership and a prescribed discipline obliged the dervish postulant to serve his sheikh, or master, and to establish a rapport with him.

turf, in horticulture, the surface layer of soil with its matted, dense vegetation, usually grasses grown for ornamental or recreational use. Such turf grasses include Kentucky bluegrass, creeping bent grass, fine or red fescue, and perennial ryegrass among the popular cool-season types and Bermuda

Ctesiphon, ancient city located on the left (northeast) bank of the Tigris River about 20 miles (32 km) southeast of modern Baghdad, in east-central Iraq. It served as the winter capital of the Parthian empire and later of the Sāsānian empire. The site is famous for the remains of a gigantic

Tuscaloosa, city, seat (1819) of Tuscaloosa county, western Alabama, U.S., on the Black Warrior River about 55 miles (90 km) southwest of Birmingham. Founded in 1816 by Thomas York on land opened to settlement after the Creek War, it was named for the Choctaw chief Tuscaloosa (“Black Warrior”), who

Italian language: …the island of Corsica a Tuscan variety of Italian is spoken, though Italian is not the language of culture. Overseas (e.g., in the United States, Brazil, and Argentina) speakers sometimes do not know the standard language and use only dialect forms. Increasingly, they only rarely know the language of their…

Italian language: …the island of Corsica a Tuscan variety of Italian is spoken, though Italian is not the language of culture. Overseas (e.g., in the United States, Brazil, and Argentina) speakers sometimes do not know the standard language and use only dialect forms. Increasingly, they only rarely know the language of their…

Giorgio Vasari: …in the style of the Tuscan Mannerists and have often been criticized as being facile, superficial, and lacking a sense of colour. Contemporary scholars regard Vasari more highly as an architect than as a painter. His best-known buildings are the Uffizi in Florence, begun in 1560 for Cosimo I de’…

Tuscan order, the simplest of the five orders of Classical Roman architecture, which were codified in the Renaissance. It resembles the Doric order but has a simpler base and an unadorned

Italian literature: The Tuscan poets: Sicilian poetry continued to be written after the death of Frederick II, but the centre of literary activity moved to Tuscany, where interest in the Provençal and Sicilian lyric had led to several imitations by Guittone d’Arezzo and his followers. Although Guittone experimented…

Italian literature: The Tuscan poets: Sicilian poetry continued to be written after the death of Frederick II, but the centre of literary activity moved to Tuscany, where interest in the Provençal and Sicilian lyric had led to several imitations by Guittone d’Arezzo and his followers. Although Guittone experimented…

Apennine Range: Physiography: …of the Apennines are the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines, with a maximum height of 7,103 feet at Mount Cimone; the Umbrian-Marchigian Apennines, with their maximum elevation (8,130 feet) at Mount Vettore; the Abruzzi Apennines, 9,554 feet at Mount Corno; the Campanian Apennines, 7,352 feet at Mount Meta; the

Tuscania, town, Lazio (Latium) regione, central Italy, west of Viterbo. The ancient city was a prosperous Etruscan centre in the 3rd century bc, and Etruscan tombs have been found nearby. Until a disastrous earthquake in 1971, the town contained many relics and treasures of the Etruscan, Roman, and

Tuscania, town, Lazio (Latium) regione, central Italy, west of Viterbo. The ancient city was a prosperous Etruscan centre in the 3rd century bc, and Etruscan tombs have been found nearby. Until a disastrous earthquake in 1971, the town contained many relics and treasures of the Etruscan, Roman, and

Tuscany, regione (region), west-central Italy. It lies along the Tyrrhenian and Ligurian seas and comprises the province (provinces) of Massa-Carrara, Lucca, Pistoia, Prato, Firenze, Livorno, Pisa, Arezzo, Siena, and Grosseto. Tuscany is a transitional region occupying much of the former grand

Tuscarawas River, river rising in Summit county, northeastern Ohio, U.S., near Akron and Barberton (there dammed to form the Portage Lakes). It flows south past Massillon, Dover, and New Philadelphia and then west to join the Walhonding River near Coshocton after a course of 125 miles (201 km) to

Tuscarora, Iroquoian-speaking North American Indian tribe. When first encountered by Europeans in the 17th century, the Tuscarora occupied what is now North Carolina. They were noted for their use of indigenous hemp for fibre and medicine. Traditionally, the Tuscarora depended heavily on

Japan Trench: The 27,929-foot (8,513-metre) Tuscarora Deep (north) was once considered the deepest point in the world (subsequently found to be in the Mariana Trench).

printmaking: Stencil processes: …quite common is the so-called tusche-and-glue method, which is similar to lift-ground aquatint etching. The design is painted on the screen with tusche and, when dry, the whole screen is covered with glue. When the glue dries, the design is washed out with either kerosene or turpentine. The tusche comes…

Etruscan, member of an ancient people of Etruria, Italy, between the Tiber and Arno rivers west and south of the Apennines, whose urban civilization reached its height in the 6th century bce. Many features of Etruscan culture were adopted by the Romans, their successors to power in the peninsula. A

Etruria, Ancient country, central Italy. It covered the region that now comprises Tuscany and part of Umbria. Etruria was inhabited by the Etruscans, who established a civilization by the 7th century bc. Their chief confederation, traditionally including 12 cities, developed a culture that reached

Damocles: …story is related in Cicero’s Tusculanae disputationes (“Conversations at Tusculum”), Book V.

Benedict VIII: …several pontiffs from the powerful Tusculani family.

Tusculum, ancient Italic city (modern Frascati) in Latium, 15 miles (24 km) southeast of Rome, a favourite resort of wealthy Romans under the late republic and the empire (1st century bc–4th century ad). Tusculum was a Latin settlement during the early Iron Age (early 1st millennium bc) and was

Tuscumbia, city, seat (1870) of Colbert county, northwestern Alabama, U.S. It is situated in the Muscle Shoals area on the Tennessee River, about 65 miles (105 km) west of Huntsville, and forms with Florence, Sheffield, and the city of Muscle Shoals a four-city metropolitan area. Founded in 1817 as

ZZ Top: Two years later “Tush,” off the hit album Fandango, cracked the top 20 of the Billboard singles chart. The band’s Worldwide Texas Tour (1976)—during which they performed on a Texas-shaped stage littered with props that included cacti, snakes, and longhorn cattle—was one of the most successful concert tours…

The Knack…and How to Get It: …his dream girl, Nancy (Rita Tushingham), whom his pal attempts to seduce. Although initially perceived as innocent, Nancy proves to be surprisingly savvy in repelling the young Lothario’s charms.

Russia: The Time of Troubles: …formed in the village of Tushino, 9 miles (14 km) west of Moscow, in which the boyars and bureaucrats of the Romanov circle took leading posts. It managed to gain Cossack support and to manipulate Dmitry’s pretensions while negotiating with the Polish king Sigismund III on terms by which his…

False Dmitry: Although the second False Dmitry bore no physical resemblance to the first, he gathered a large following among Cossacks, Poles, Lithuanians, and rebels who had already risen against Shuysky. He gained control of southern Russia, marched toward Moscow, and established his headquarters (including a full court and…

Buddhism: Mythic figures in the Three Worlds cosmology: …the most important are the Tushita Heaven, where the future buddha Maitreya awaits the time for his coming to earth; the Heaven of the Thirty-three Gods, which is presided over by Inda (Sanskrit: Indra; sometimes called Sakka [Sanskrit: Shakra], a deity who plays a significant mythological role); and the Heaven…

history of Mesopotamia: The Hurrian and Mitanni kingdoms: Tushratta (c. 1365–c. 1330), the son of Shuttarna, was able to maintain the kingdom he had inherited for many years. In his sometimes very long letters—one of them written in Hurrian—to Amenhotep III and Akhenaton (1353–1336), he wrote about commerce, his desire for gold, and…

Guangxi: Guangxi until c. 1900: …minority peoples through the hereditary tusi (tribal leaders serving as the agents of Chinese government). This led to some of the bloodiest battles in Guangxi history—notably, the war with the Yao tribesmen at Giant Rattan Gorge, near Guiping, in 1465.

astronomy: The Islamic world: …two-circle mechanism (called an “al-Ṭūsī couple” by modern scholars) to produce the same phenomena in what seemed to him a physically more plausible way. Al-Ṭūsī’s student al-Shīrāzī went farther, using a minor epicycle to eliminate the need for an equant point. In the 14th century Ibn al-Shāṭir of Damascus…

Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī was an outstanding Persian philosopher, scientist, and mathematician. Educated first in Ṭūs, where his father was a jurist in the Twelfth Imam school, the main sect of Shīʾite Muslims, al-Ṭūsī finished his education in Neyshābūr, about 75 kilometres (50 miles) to the west. This

Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī was an outstanding Persian philosopher, scientist, and mathematician. Educated first in Ṭūs, where his father was a jurist in the Twelfth Imam school, the main sect of Shīʾite Muslims, al-Ṭūsī finished his education in Neyshābūr, about 75 kilometres (50 miles) to the west. This

Chinese water deer: These tusks may exceed 5 cm (2 inches) in length. The water deer is also the only deer with inguinal glands.

Fleetwood Mac: Following the idiosyncratic Tusk (1979), group members began pursuing solo careers. Nicks hit number one with Bella Donna (1981), an album that featured singles such as “Edge of Seventeen” and the Tom Petty duet “Stop Draggin’ My Heart Around,” and Buckingham broke the Billboard Top Ten with his…

Alejandro Jodorowsky: Later films, comic books, and psychomagic: Tusk (1980) was a children’s film, set in British colonial India, about the attachment between a young English girl and an elephant, both born on the same day. Jodorowsky was dissatisfied with the film’s technical deficiencies and later disowned it.

tusk shell, any of several marine mollusks of the class Scaphopoda. There are four genera of tusk shells (Dentalium is typical and most common) and more than 350 species. Most tusk shells live in fairly deep water, sometimes to depths of about 4,000 metres (13,000 feet); many deep-sea species are

Donald Tusk is a member of the centrist Civic Platform party who returned to office as the prime minister of Poland in 2023 after the country experienced some eight years of increasingly authoritarian rule by the Law and Justice party (PiS). Tusk had been the first prime minister of Poland to serve

Donald Tusk is a member of the centrist Civic Platform party who returned to office as the prime minister of Poland in 2023 after the country experienced some eight years of increasingly authoritarian rule by the Law and Justice party (PiS). Tusk had been the first prime minister of Poland to serve

Tuskegee, city, seat of Macon county, east-central Alabama, U.S., adjacent to Tuskegee National Forest, about 40 miles (65 km) east of Montgomery. It was founded in 1833, and its name was a variation of Taskigi, a nearby Creek Indian village. Fort Decatur (built 1814), near the city on the

Lionel Richie: …back into the spotlight with Tuskegee, a collection of his greatest hits recast as country duets and performed with Shania Twain, Tim McGraw, Rascal Flatts, Willie Nelson, and other luminaries of country music. Within just a few weeks, the album reached number

Tuskegee Airmen, black servicemen of the U.S. Army Air Forces who trained at Tuskegee Army Air Field in Alabama during World War II. They constituted the first African American flying unit in the U.S. military. In January 1941 the War Department formed the all-black 99th Pursuit Squadron of the

Tuskegee University, private, coeducational, historically Black institution of higher education in Tuskegee, Alabama, U.S. Its establishment as a school for training African American teachers was approved by the Alabama state legislature in 1880; the school still serves a predominantly Black

Tuskegee University, private, coeducational, historically Black institution of higher education in Tuskegee, Alabama, U.S. Its establishment as a school for training African American teachers was approved by the Alabama state legislature in 1880; the school still serves a predominantly Black

Tuskegee syphilis study, American medical research project that earned notoriety for its unethical experimentation on African American patients in the rural South. The project, which was conducted by the U.S. Public Health Service (PHS) from 1932 to 1972, examined the natural course of untreated

Tuskegee University, private, coeducational, historically Black institution of higher education in Tuskegee, Alabama, U.S. Its establishment as a school for training African American teachers was approved by the Alabama state legislature in 1880; the school still serves a predominantly Black

Spanish literature: The novel: It includes Esther Tusquets, Álvaro Pombo, and Javier Tomeo, together with nearly a dozen others who belong to this group chronologically if not by reason of aesthetic or thematic similarities. Tusquets is best known for a trilogy of thematically related but independent novels: El mismo mar de…

Marie Tussaud was the French-born founder of Madame Tussaud’s museum of wax figures, in central London. Her early life was spent first in Bern and then in Paris, where she learned the art of wax modeling from Philippe Curtius, whose two celebrated wax museums she inherited upon his death in 1794.

sweet William: …traced to the writings of Thomas Tusser, a 16th-century English poet. In Scotland the flower is known as stinking Willie or sour Billy.

Tutsi, ethnic group of probable Nilotic origin, whose members live within Rwanda and Burundi. The Tutsi formed the traditional aristocratic minority in both countries, constituting about 9 percent and 14 percent of the population, respectively. The Tutsis’ numbers in Rwanda were greatly reduced by

nosegay, small, hand-held bouquet popular in mid- 19th-century Victorian England as an accessory carried by fashionable ladies. Composed of mixed flowers and herbs and edged with a paper frill or greens, the arrangement was sometimes inserted into a silver filigree holder. When supplied by an

Yiddish literature: Yiddish women writers: Born in Ukraine, Malka Heifetz Tussman immigrated to the United States in 1912. She lived in Chicago; in Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and in California. She published her poems in many journals, including In zikh. Tussman’s early poetry, as evinced in her first book, Lider (1949; Poems), was written in…