the Greens: …the UTG joined with the Tasmanian Wilderness Society (TWS) to quickly mobilize opposition to a hydroelectric plant that was planned for the Gordon River below its confluence with the Franklin River. When the UTG dissolved in 1979, TWS leader Bob Brown launched a nationwide “No Dams” campaign against the initiative,…

thylacine, (Thylacinus cynocephalus), largest carnivorous marsupial of recent times, presumed extinct soon after the last captive individual died in 1936. A slender fox-faced animal that hunted at night for wallabies and birds, the thylacine was 100 to 130 cm (39 to 51 inches) long, including its

algae: Evolution and paleontology of algae: …the Permian “white coal,” or tasmanite, deposits of Tasmania and accumulated to a depth of several feet in deposits that extend for miles. Similar deposits in Alaska yield up to 568 litres (150 gallons) of oil per ton of sediment. Certain Ulvophyceae fossils that date from about one billion years…

algae: Evolution and paleontology of algae: Tasmanites formed the Permian “white coal,” or tasmanite, deposits of Tasmania and accumulated to a depth of several feet in deposits that extend for miles. Similar deposits in Alaska yield up to 568 litres (150 gallons) of oil per ton of sediment. Certain Ulvophyceae fossils…

Canellales: Distribution and abundance: …of Drimys into the genus Tasmannia (with about 40 species), which extends from the Philippines to Australia (including Tasmania) and reaches its greatest diversity in New Guinea. The circumscription of Zygogynum has led to the recognition of 3 additional genera, including Exospermum (restricted to New Caledonia), Bubbia (from the Moluccas…

basmalah, in Islam, the prayer formula Bism Allāh al-Raḥmān al-Raḥīm (“In the name of God, the Merciful, the Compassionate”). This invocation, which was first introduced by the Qurʾān, appears at the beginning of every Qurʾānic surah (chapter) except the ninth (which presents a unique textual

steel band: …formation in 1950 of the Trinidad All Steel Percussion Orchestra (TASPO), a government-sponsored ensemble that brought together prominent players from different neighbourhood bands. Most of the musicians were well-known pan tuners, including Ellie Mannette of the band Invaders, Anthony Williams of North Stars, and others. The TASPO members enjoyed productive…

Bács-Kiskun: Tass, in the northwestern corner of Bács-Kiskun, is a centre for fishing and aquatic sports on the Danube River. The town of Kalocsa is known for its traditional folk art and culture. Kiskunság National Park is a nature conservation area. Area 3,261 square miles (8,445…

ITAR-TASS, (Russian: “Information Telegraph Agency of Russia–Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union”), Russian news agency formed in 1992 after the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991. ITAR reports on domestic news, while TASS reports on world events, including news from the other countries of the

coordination compound: History of coordination compounds: …discovery by the French chemist B.M. Tassaert in 1798 that ammoniacal solutions of cobalt chloride, CoCl3, develop a brownish mahogany colour. He failed to follow up on his discovery, however. It remained for others to isolate orange crystals with the composition CoCl3 ∙ 6NH3, the correct formulation of which is…

World War II: The Solomons, Papua, Madagascar, the Aleutians, and Burma, July 1942–May 1943: …were beaten off in the Battle of Tassafaronga, losing one destroyer sunk and one crippled, at an Allied cost of one cruiser sunk and three damaged.

Wadi Majardah: …Mellègue (Wadi Mallāq) and the Oued Tessa (Wadi Tassah). Main riverine settlements include Souk Ahras, in Algeria, and Jendouba (Jundūbah), in Tunisia.

Victor, Baron Horta: …first independent building, the four-storied Hôtel Tassel in Brussels (1892–93), was among the first Continental examples of Art Nouveau, although it incorporated Neo-Gothic and Neo-Rococo stylistic elements. An important feature was its octagonal hall with a staircase leading to various levels. The curved line, characteristic of the Art Nouveau style,…

Artemisia Gentileschi: …his friend the landscape painter Agostino Tassi, she painted at first in a style indistinguishable from her father’s somewhat lyrical interpretation of Caravaggio’s example. Her first known work is Susanna and the Elders (1610), an accomplished work long attributed to her father. She also painted two versions of a scene…

James Tassie was a Scottish gem engraver and modeler known for reproductions of engraved gems and for portrait medallions (round or oval tablets bearing figures), both made from a hard, fine-textured substance that he developed with a physician, Henry Quin. Tassie originally worked as a stonemason,

Jean de Lattre de Tassigny was a French army officer and posthumous marshal of France who became one of the leading military figures in the French forces under General Charles de Gaulle during World War II. He was also the most successful French commander of the First Indochina War (1946–54). After

Tinariwen: …its roots with the album Tassili (2011), which was recorded in the Algerian desert on mostly acoustic instruments; at the same time, it skillfully incorporated several American guest musicians, including members of TV on the Radio. The recording won a Grammy Award for best world music album. In early 2012,…

Tassili-n-Ajjer, area in southern Algeria where prehistoric rock paintings (and many engravings) were discovered first in 1910 and subsequently in the 1930s and ’60s. A plateau in the central Sahara, the area is characterized by high cliffs, some of which have decorated panels at their base.

metalwork: Europe: …copper-gilt chalices like the “Tassilo Chalice” (Kremsmünster Abbey, Austria) have survived. The care and artistry with which they were worked and their rich engraved and niello decoration show that they were valued as highly as altar vessels made of precious metals.

Germany: Charlemagne of Germany: …deposing the last Agilolfing duke, Tassilo III, and replacing him with a trusted agent. Thereafter Charlemagne used Bavaria as the staging ground for a series of campaigns in 791, 795, and 796 that destroyed the Avar kingdom.

diplomatics: Post-Renaissance scholarship: Nearly a century later, René-Prosper Tassin and Charles-François Toustain published their six-volume Nouveau traité de diplomatique (1750–65; “New Treatise on Diplomatic”), a work that surpassed Mabillon’s only in its greater wealth of material. Another important event in the history of the science of diplomatics was the founding of the…

Thurn and Taxis postal system: …important postal activities began with Franz von Taxis, who served as postmaster to the Holy Roman emperor Maximilian I from 1489 and to Philip I of Spain from 1504. Von Taxis secured the right to carry both government and private mail throughout the Holy Roman Empire and in Spain for…

Bernardo Tasso was an Italian courtier and poet who was the father of Torquato Tasso, the greatest Italian poet of the late Renaissance. Bernardo Tasso was a cultivated man who served various noblemen during his career. His son Torquato was born in 1544 while he was in the service of Ferrante

Torquato Tasso was the greatest Italian poet of the late Renaissance, celebrated for his heroic epic poem Gerusalemme liberata (1581; “Jerusalem Liberated”), dealing with the capture of Jerusalem during the First Crusade. Tasso was the son of Bernardo Tasso, a poet and courtier, and of Porzia de’

Alessandro Tassoni was an Italian political writer, literary critic, and poet, remembered for his mock-heroic satiric poem La secchia rapita (The Rape of the Bucket), the earliest and, according to most critics, the best of many Italian works in that genre. Educated at the universities of Bologna,

aesthetics: The value of art: …of art: the concept of taste. If I am amused, it is for a reason, and this reason lies in the object of my amusement. We thus begin to think in terms of a distinction between good and bad reasons for laughter. Amusement at the wrong things may seem to…

taste, the detection and identification by the sensory system of dissolved chemicals placed in contact with some part of an animal. Because the term taste is commonly associated with the familiar oral taste buds of vertebrates, many authorities prefer the term contact chemoreception, which has a

human sensory reception: Bitter: …minority of people exhibit specific taste blindness, an inability to detect as bitter such chemicals as phenylthiocarbamide (PTC). Taste blindness for PTC and other carbamides appears to be hereditary (as a recessive trait), occurring in about a third of Europeans and in roughly 40 percent of the people in Western…

taste bud, small organ located on the tongue in terrestrial vertebrates that functions in the perception of taste. In fish, taste buds occur on the lips, the flanks, and the caudal (tail) fins of some species and on the barbels of catfish. Taste receptor cells, with which incoming chemicals from

Chicago: Renewal: …was later transformed into the Taste of Chicago, signaled the beginning of what has been a continuing city effort to lure suburban leisure spending back to the city through a series of outdoor special events.

A Taste of Honey, British film, released in 1961, that is often cited as a classic example of the socially conscious and realistic Angry Young Man dramas that appeared in Britain in the post-World War II era. The story centres on Jo (played by Rita Tushingham), a demure and awkward teenager driven

Shelagh Delaney: …production of her first play, A Taste of Honey (1958). Two years later Delaney received the Drama Critics’ Circle Award for the play’s New York City production.

Slovakia: Literature and drama: …Stalinism, in his popular novel The Taste of Power (1967), while Tatarka attacked the Gustav Husák regime’s process of “normalization” in Czechoslovakia after 1969 in Sám proti noci (1984; “Alone Against the Night”). In the years leading up to the Velvet Revolution of 1989, such novelists as Ladislav Ballek, Vincent…

taste bud: …with other taste buds into taste papillae. The taste buds are embedded in the epithelium of the tongue and make contact with the outside environment through a taste pore. Slender processes (microvilli) extend from the outer ends of the receptor cells through the taste pore, where the processes are covered…

chemoreception: Taste: The taste receptor cells, with which incoming chemicals interact to produce electrical signals, occur in groups of 50–150. Each of these groups forms a taste bud. On the tongue, taste buds are grouped together into taste papillae. On average, the human tongue has 2,000–8,000 taste buds,…

Padma Lakshmi: Transition to television: …Lakshmi created and began hosting Taste the Nation with Padma Lakshmi, a series in which she travels to immigrant communities throughout the United States and explores how local food cultures have influenced American cuisine. A critical success, the show’s 2021 holiday special received the prestigious James Beard Media Award for…

tea: Tasting: Professional tasters, sampling tea for the trade, taste but do not consume a light brew in which the liquor is separated from the leaf after five to six minutes. The appearance of both the dry and infused leaf is observed, and the aroma of…

tea: Tasting: Professional tasters, sampling tea for the trade, taste but do not consume a light brew in which the liquor is separated from the leaf after five to six minutes. The appearance of both the dry and infused leaf is observed, and the aroma of…

Latin American dance: Ritual contexts: …vejigantes in Puerto Rico and los tastoanes in Mexico are prominent examples. In both festivals there are representations of Spanish horsemen and masked figures representing African slaves or members of the indigenous resistance.

Ernst Heinrich Weber: Weber’s findings were elaborated in Der Tastsinn und das Gemeingefühl (1851; “The Sense of Touch and the Common Sensibility”), which was considered by the English psychologist E.B. Titchener to be “the foundation stone of experimental psychology.” Weber’s empirical observations were expressed mathematically by Gustav Theodor Fechner, who called his formulation…

İbrahim Şinasi: …started his own paper, the Tasvir-i efkâr (“Picture of Ideas”), which soon became a vehicle for the expression of new political and literary ideas. Şinasi also wrote for the Ceride-i askeriyye (“The Military Gazette”). In 1865 he fled to Paris, probably for political reasons, and spent most of his time…

Thor rocket: …first stage, resulting in the Thrust-Augmented Thor (TAT), nearly twice as powerful as the original Thor. Total thrust at lift-off was 330,000 pounds. Adding an Agena rocket as a second stage resulted in the two-stage Thor–Agena rocket, used to launch the Air Force’s Discoverer space satellites.

diagnosis: Psychological tests: The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) uses a series of ambiguous pictures of people in different situations to which the viewer ascribes meaning. The descriptions given are a reflection of the viewer’s anxieties, personal conflicts, and interpersonal relationships. Information about a person’s concerns and emotional conflicts can…

Sikhism: The 18th and 19th centuries: …Gobind Singh’s widows—called themselves the Tat Khalsa (the “True” Khalsa or “Pure” Khalsa), which should not be confused with the Tat Khalsa segment of the Singh Sabha, discussed below.

Transcaucasia: The people: …Armenia and southern Georgia), and Tat (spoken in northeastern Azerbaijan).

tat tvam asi, in Hinduism, the famous expression of the relationship between the individual and the Absolute. The statement is frequently repeated in the sixth chapter of the Chandogya Upanishad (c. 600 bce) as the teacher Uddalaka Aruni instructs his son in the nature of brahman, the supreme

telecommunications media: Applications of wire: …such transatlantic telephone cable (TAT-1) was laid by a consortium that included the American Telephone & Telegraph Company (AT&T), beginning June 28, 1955, from Clarenville, on the island of Newfoundland in Canada, and reaching Oban, Scotland, on September 25, 1956. TAT-1 had an initial capacity of only 36 two-way…

Jorge Ubico was a soldier and dictator who ruled Guatemala for 13 years (1931–44). Ubico received a commission in the Guatemalan army in 1897, distinguished himself in several campaigns, and rose to the rank of colonel. In 1907 he was appointed governor of Alta Verapaz and in 1911 governor of

Tata, oasis, southwestern Morocco. Situated in an arid region at the extreme northwestern edge of the Sahara, Tata oasis is located in a canyon watered by three wadis descending from Mount Bani, an outlier of the Anti-Atlas mountains. The oasis contains about 30 ksars (fortified villages) with

Air India, airline founded in 1932 (as Tata Airlines) that grew into the flagship international airline of India; in addition to domestic routes, it serves southern and eastern Asia, the Middle East, Europe, Africa, Australia, the United States, and Canada. Headquarters are in Mumbai. The first

F.C. Kohli: …was appointed general manager of Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), an information technology organization, in 1969.

Tata family, family of Indian industrialists and philanthropists who founded ironworks and steelworks, cotton mills, and hydroelectric power plants that proved crucial to India’s industrial development. The family’s conglomerate, the Tata Group, is headquartered in Mumbai. The Tata were a Parsi

Tata Group, privately owned conglomerate of nearly 100 companies encompassing several primary business sectors: chemicals, consumer products, energy, engineering, information systems, materials, and services. Headquarters are in Mumbai. The Tata Group was founded as a private trading firm in 1868

India: Economic policy and development: …early as 1875, but the Tata Iron and Steel Company (now part of the Tata Group), which received no government aid, did not start production until 1911, when, in Bihar, it launched India’s modern steel industry. Tata grew rapidly after World War I, and by World War II it had…

East Timor: Geography: …9,721 feet (2,963 metres) at Mount Tatamailau (Tata Mailau) in the centre of a high plateau. The area has a dry tropical climate and moderate rainfall. Hilly areas are covered with sandalwood. Scrub and grass grow in the lowlands, together with coconut palms and eucalyptus trees. There are hot springs…

lacquerwork: Japan: …which distinctive lacquer decoration called tata maki-e (Koda-ji maki-e) was used. This temple still contains examples of this ware that were presented by her.

Ratan Tata: In 2008 Tata oversaw Tata Motors’ purchase of the elite British car brands Jaguar and Land Rover from the Ford Motor Company. The $2.3 billion deal marked the largest-ever acquisition by an Indian automotive firm. The following year the company launched the Tata Nano, a tiny rear-engined, pod-shaped vehicle…

Tata Group: …Tata Motors officially launched the Nano, a tiny, rear-engine, pod-shaped vehicle that eventually sold at a base price (excluding options, tax, and transportation fees) equivalent to $1,500 to $3,000. Although only slightly more than 3 metres (10 feet) long and about 1.5 metres (5 feet) wide, the highly touted “People’s…

Natarajan Chandrasekaran: …Chandrasekaran became the chairman of Tata Sons; he was the first chairman with no relation to the Tata family through either blood or marriage. Among the notable events during his tenure was Tata Group’s acquisition in 2022 of Air India, an airline founded by the Tata family in 1932 and…

J.R.D. Tata was an Indian businessman and aviation pioneer who created India’s first airline and oversaw the dramatic expansion of the Tata Group, India’s largest industrial empire. Tata was born into one of India’s wealthiest families, but his mother was French, and he spent much of his childhood

Jamsetji Tata was an Indian philanthropist and entrepreneur who founded the Tata Group. His ambitious endeavours helped catapult India into the league of industrialized countries. Born into a Parsi family, Jamsetji was the first child and only son of Nusserwanji Tata. After graduating from

Jamsetji Tata was an Indian philanthropist and entrepreneur who founded the Tata Group. His ambitious endeavours helped catapult India into the league of industrialized countries. Born into a Parsi family, Jamsetji was the first child and only son of Nusserwanji Tata. After graduating from

Jamsetji Tata was an Indian philanthropist and entrepreneur who founded the Tata Group. His ambitious endeavours helped catapult India into the league of industrialized countries. Born into a Parsi family, Jamsetji was the first child and only son of Nusserwanji Tata. After graduating from

J.R.D. Tata was an Indian businessman and aviation pioneer who created India’s first airline and oversaw the dramatic expansion of the Tata Group, India’s largest industrial empire. Tata was born into one of India’s wealthiest families, but his mother was French, and he spent much of his childhood

Ratan Tata is an Indian businessman who became chairman (1991–2012 and 2016–17) of the Tata Group, a Mumbai-based conglomerate. A member of a prominent family of Indian industrialists and philanthropists (see Tata family), he was educated at Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, where he earned a

Ratan Tata is an Indian businessman who became chairman (1991–2012 and 2016–17) of the Tata Group, a Mumbai-based conglomerate. A member of a prominent family of Indian industrialists and philanthropists (see Tata family), he was educated at Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, where he earned a

Tata family: …the direction of his sons, Sir Dorabji Jamsetji Tata (1859–1932) and Sir Ratanji Tata (1871–1932), the Tata Iron and Steel Company became the largest privately owned steelmaker in India and the nucleus of a group of companies producing not only textiles, steel, and hydroelectric power but also chemicals, agricultural equipment,…

Tata family: …Dorabji Jamsetji Tata (1859–1932) and Sir Ratanji Tata (1871–1932), the Tata Iron and Steel Company became the largest privately owned steelmaker in India and the nucleus of a group of companies producing not only textiles, steel, and hydroelectric power but also chemicals, agricultural equipment, trucks, locomotives, and cement. The family’s…

Tatabánya, city of county status and seat of Komárom-Esztergom megye (county), northwestern Hungary. It lies in the valley of the Gallei River, between the Vértes Hills to the south and the Gerecse Mountains to the northeast. Located on the country’s largest lignite deposit, the Tatabánya-Oroszlány

East Timor: Geography: …9,721 feet (2,963 metres) at Mount Tatamailau (Tata Mailau) in the centre of a high plateau. The area has a dry tropical climate and moderate rainfall. Hilly areas are covered with sandalwood. Scrub and grass grow in the lowlands, together with coconut palms and eucalyptus trees. There are hot springs…

tatami, rectangular mat used as a floor covering in Japanese houses. It consists of a thick straw base and a soft, finely woven rush cover with cloth borders. A tatami measures approximately 180 by 90 cm (6 by 3 feet) and is about 5 cm (2 inches) thick. In shinden and shoin domestic architecture,

tatami, rectangular mat used as a floor covering in Japanese houses. It consists of a thick straw base and a soft, finely woven rush cover with cloth borders. A tatami measures approximately 180 by 90 cm (6 by 3 feet) and is about 5 cm (2 inches) thick. In shinden and shoin domestic architecture,

Jamshedpur, city, southeastern Jharkhand state, northeastern India. It lies at the junction of the Subarnarekha and Kharkai rivers. The city is sometimes called Tatanagar, named for industrialist Jamsetji Nasarwanji Tata, whose company opened a steel plant there in 1911. More industrial development

Sitting Bull was a Lakota (Teton) chief under whom the Oceti Sakowin (Sioux) peoples united in their struggle against the encroachment of settlers on the northern Great Plains. As principal chief of the northern hunting Oceti Sakowin, he led forces against the U.S. Army at the Battles of the

Medenine: …is nearby, and Tataouine (Taṭāwīn), south of Medenine, is a starting point for trans-Saharan caravans. Oil fields, connected by pipeline with La Skhira (Al-Ṣukhayrah) on the Gulf of Gabes, and natural gas deposits are located at Al-Burmah (El-Borma) on the Algerian border. Pop. (2004) 61,705.

Tatar, any member of several Turkic-speaking peoples that collectively numbered more than 5 million in the late 20th century and lived mainly in west-central Russia along the central course of the Volga River and its tributary, the Kama, and thence east to the Ural Mountains. The Tatars are also

Tatarstan, republic in the east-central part of European Russia. The republic lies in the middle Volga River basin around the confluence of the Volga and Kama rivers. Kazan is the capital. The Volga flows north-south across the western end of the republic, while the Kama, the Volga’s largest

Beijing: City layout: …city, also known conventionally as Tatar City, lay to the southwest of the site of the Mongol city of Dadu; it was in the form of a square, with walls having a perimeter of nearly 15 miles (24 km). The outer city, also known as the Chinese City, was added…

Tatar language, northwestern (Kipchak) language of the Turkic language family within the Altaic language group. It is spoken in the republic of Tatarstan in west-central Russia and in Romania, Bulgaria, Turkey, and China. There are numerous dialectal forms. The major Tatar dialects are Kazan Tatar

Pazardzhik, town, west-central Bulgaria. It lies along the upper Maritsa River, between the Rhodope Mountains to the south and the Sredna Mountains to the north. It is a rail junction and an industrial centre, specializing in textiles, rubber, furniture, engineering, and the processing of

kolinsky, any of several species of Asian weasels. See

Tatar Strait, narrow passage of the northwest Pacific Ocean from the Sea of Japan (south) to the Sea of Okhotsk between Sakhalin Island (east) and the Asian mainland. From 4.5 to 213 miles (7 to 342 km) in width and 393 miles (632 km) long, it is generally shallow with depths less than 700 feet

bridge: Island bridges: …the route is the 1999 Tatara cable-stayed bridge, whose main span of 890 metres (2,920 feet) made it the longest of its type in the world at the time of its construction. The twin towers of the Tatara Bridge, 220 metres (720 feet) high, have elegant diamond shapes for the…

Māori: Māori versus Pākehā: …the Taranaki Māori from the Tataraimaka block. While fighting raged in Taranaki once again, the Waikato War began in July 1863, and the Waikato River region, the centre of the King Movement tribes, became the main target of the Europeans. Once again the war was decided by sieges of Māori…

Gheorghe Tătărescu was a Romanian diplomat and politician who, as premier of Romania (1934–37, 1939–40), was unable to stem the tide of fascism. A Bucharest lawyer, Tătărescu served during 1922–26 as undersecretary of state in the Liberal government of Ionel Brătianu. Appointed minister of industry

honeysuckle: Major species: …more widespread shrub honeysuckles are Tartarian honeysuckle (L. tartarica), from southeastern Europe and Siberia, and four Chinese species—winter honeysuckle (L. fragrantissima), privet honeysuckle (L. pileata), box honeysuckle (L. nitida), and lilac-flowered honeysuckle (L. syringantha).

Permian Period: Early work: …the nonmarine beds of the Tatarian Stage (a regional stage roughly equivalent to the Capitanian Stage plus a portion of the Wordian Stage) in its upper part. The upper portion of these nonmarine beds was subsequently shown to be Early Triassic in origin. The Ufimian-Kazanian Stage (a regional stage overlapping…

Tatarstan, republic in the east-central part of European Russia. The republic lies in the middle Volga River basin around the confluence of the Volga and Kama rivers. Kazan is the capital. The Volga flows north-south across the western end of the republic, while the Kama, the Volga’s largest

Emmerich Kálmán: …first stage work, Tatárjárás (1908; The Gay Hussars). The strongly Hungarian tone of this piece succeeded in winning over Viennese audiences, and The Gay Hussars was performed throughout Europe and the United States.

Slovakia: Literature and drama: …Ladislav Mňačko, Alfonz Bednár, and Dominik Tatarka. Mňačko was among the first eastern European writers to criticize Stalinism, in his popular novel The Taste of Power (1967), while Tatarka attacked the Gustav Husák regime’s process of “normalization” in Czechoslovakia after 1969 in Sám proti noci (1984; “Alone Against the Night”).…

Károly Kisfaludy: …hand at a historical drama, A tatárok Magyarországon (“The Tartars in Hungary”). The play remained unknown until eight years later, when it was performed by a repertory company in a provincial town; they repeated their performance in Pest, making Kisfaludy famous overnight.

Tatar Strait, narrow passage of the northwest Pacific Ocean from the Sea of Japan (south) to the Sea of Okhotsk between Sakhalin Island (east) and the Asian mainland. From 4.5 to 213 miles (7 to 342 km) in width and 393 miles (632 km) long, it is generally shallow with depths less than 700 feet

Tatarstan, republic in the east-central part of European Russia. The republic lies in the middle Volga River basin around the confluence of the Volga and Kama rivers. Kazan is the capital. The Volga flows north-south across the western end of the republic, while the Kama, the Volga’s largest

Tatar Strait, narrow passage of the northwest Pacific Ocean from the Sea of Japan (south) to the Sea of Okhotsk between Sakhalin Island (east) and the Asian mainland. From 4.5 to 213 miles (7 to 342 km) in width and 393 miles (632 km) long, it is generally shallow with depths less than 700 feet

Gabrielino: The second group, Tataviam (Fernandeño), occupied areas in and around the San Fernando Valley and seacoast. A third, apparently related, group was the Nicolino (Nicoleño, or San Nicolinos), who inhabited San Nicolas Island.

Medenine: …is nearby, and Tataouine (Taṭāwīn), south of Medenine, is a starting point for trans-Saharan caravans. Oil fields, connected by pipeline with La Skhira (Al-Ṣukhayrah) on the Gulf of Gabes, and natural gas deposits are located at Al-Burmah (El-Borma) on the Algerian border. Pop. (2004) 61,705.

Shāh Walī Allāh: …policy was the doctrine of taṭbīq, whereby the principles of Islam were reconstructed and reapplied in accordance with the Qurʾān and the Hadith (the spoken traditions attributed to Muhammad). He thereby allowed the practice of ijtihād (independent thinking by theologians in matters relating to Islamic law), which hitherto had been…

museum of modern art: History: …Britain the Tate Gallery (now Tate Britain, one of four Tate galleries)—founded in 1897 as the National Gallery of British Art (later officially renamed the Tate Gallery in honour of Henry Tate, its initial donor) and part of the National Gallery of Art until 1954, when it formally became an…

Tate galleries, art museums in the United Kingdom that house the national collection of British art from the 16th century and the national collection of modern art. There are four branches: Tate Britain and Tate Modern in London, Tate Liverpool, and Tate St. Ives in Cornwall. Tate Britain, located

museum: New museums and collections: …of the 19th century, and Tate Modern (2000), an art museum housed in a refurbished power station on the South Bank in London. Other buildings and building sites of historical and cultural significance have themselves become museums.