An Account of My Hut, poetic diary by Kamo Chōmei, written in Japanese in 1212 as Hōjōki. It is admired as a classic literary and philosophical work. An Account of My Hut (the title is sometimes translated as The Ten Foot Square Hut) relates the musings of a Buddhist who renounces the world to live

China: Political institutions: …military expeditions known as the Ten Great Victories. He was both noted for his patronage of the arts and notorious for the censorship of anti-Manchu literary works that was linked with the compilation of the Siku quanshu (“Complete Library of the Four Treasuries”; Eng. trans. under various titles). The closing…

Audrey Thomas: The stories of Ten Green Bottles (1967) are told by an unhappy female narrator of varying circumstances but consistent character. Thomas’s alter ego Isobel Cleary narrates the novels Mrs. Blood (1970), Songs My Mother Taught Me (1973), based on Thomas’s childhood memories, and Blown Figures (1974), set in…

Richard Oastler: …in part responsible for the Ten Hours Act of 1847.

Baglioni Family: …created the Ten Judges (Dieci dell’Arbitrio), a council of 10 family members, as a device through which they hoped to govern Perugia. The period was marked by excessive violence, especially within the Baglioni family. One episode was the so-called great betrayal of 1500, during which Carlo and Grifonetto Baglioni…

Ten Kingdoms, (907–960), period in Chinese history when southern China was ruled by nine small independent kingdoms, with one more small kingdom in the far north. It corresponded generally with the Five Dynasties period, or rule, in the north; and, like the northern period, it was a time of unrest

Sherman Alexie: …and later in the collection Ten Little Indians (2003)—also won prizes. The 2007 novel Flight centres on a teenage orphan who travels through time, viewing moments of historical and personal significance through the eyes of others. Blasphemy (2012) collected new and previously published short stories. Alexie also contributed writing on…

Ten Lost Tribes of Israel, 10 of the original 12 Hebrew tribes, which, under the leadership of Joshua, took possession of Canaan, the Promised Land, after the death of Moses. They were named Asher, Dan, Ephraim, Gad, Issachar, Manasseh, Naphtali, Reuben, Simeon, and Zebulun—all sons or grandsons of

Hui Shi: …known best for his “Ten Paradoxes,” which are quoted in the famous Daoist work Zhuangzi. These paradoxes have attracted much interest in modern times because of their similarity to concurrent developments in Western philosophy, especially the famous paradoxes of the Greek philosopher Zeno of Elea (c. 495–c. 430).

Banff National Park: Natural history: …park’s western border in the Ten Peaks region, which reaches 11,365 feet (3,464 metres), and Mount Sir Douglas in the far southeast, with an elevation of 11,175 feet (3,406 metres). Banff contains active glaciers, including a portion of the extensive Columbia Icefield to the north, and montane wetlands and meadows,…

Robert Aldrich: Early work: … as a war correspondent, and Ten Seconds to Hell (1959), which featured Palance and Jeff Chandler as German demolitions experts. Both movies received tepid responses from critics and moviegoers.

Ten Sleep, town, Washakie county, north-central Wyoming, U.S., situated in the Bighorn Basin, west of the Bighorn Mountains, 25 miles (40 km) east of Worland. The site, at the junction of Nowood and Ten Sleep creeks, was an Indian rest stop, so called because it was 10 days travel, or “10 sleeps,”

Sting: Solo career: But 1993’s Ten Summoner’s Tales was a triple-platinum album (selling more than three million copies), and Sting won that year’s Grammy for best male pop vocal performance with “If I Ever Lose My Faith in You.” He released Mercury Falling in 1996 and had a big hit…

Ten Thousand Immortals, in Persian history, core troops in the Achaemenian army, so named because their number of 10,000 was immediately reestablished after every loss. Under the direct leadership of the hazarapat, or commander in chief, the Immortals, who formed the king’s personal bodyguard,

Man’yō-shū, (Japanese: “Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves”), oldest (c. 759) and greatest of the imperial anthologies of Japanese poetry. Among the 4,500 poems are some from the 7th century and perhaps earlier. It was celebrated through the centuries for its “man’yō” spirit, a simple freshness and

Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, volcanic region, southern Alaska, U.S., 265 miles (425 km) southwest of Anchorage. The valley was created in 1912 by the eruption of the Novarupta and Mount Katmai volcanoes. Its name derives from the myriad fumaroles (fissures spouting smoke, gas, and steam) that

Maria Dermoût: …and De tienduizend dingen (1955; The Ten Thousand Things), are fictionalized accounts of her youth. Although written in an economic style, the two novels are rich in details of island life as experienced by both the colonials and the native people. Among Dermoût’s other books are three volumes of short…

fair trade: History: It was renamed Ten Thousand Villages in 1996.

Wang Anshi: Life: …Song emperor Rensong his “Ten Thousand Word Memorial,” which contained rudiments of his later policies and political theories; no action was taken on his proposals, which were aimed at the bureaucracy—Wang asserted that more capable officials with skills suited for their duties should be trained and recruited. Wang entered…

Antonio Bonfini: Bonfini’s great work, Rerum Hungaricum Decades (“Ten Volumes of Hungarian Matters”), was incomplete at Matthias’s death in 1490 and was finished at the urging of Vladislas II. Its first full publication was in Basel, Switzerland, in 1568, while Gáspár Heltai’s Hungarian version, Chronika az magyarok viselt dolgairól (1575;…

Nick Hornby: …Baths, Less Talking (2012) and Ten Years in the Tub (2013).

opium trade: Decline of the opium trade: In 1907 China signed the Ten Years’ Agreement with India, whereby China agreed to forbid native cultivation and consumption of opium on the understanding that the export of Indian opium would decline in proportion and cease completely in 10 years. The trade was thus almost completely stopped by 1917.

Germaine de Staël: Banishment from Paris of Germaine de Staël: …published posthumously in 1821, her Dix Années d’exil (Ten Years’ Exile). From December 1803 to April 1804 she made a journey through Germany, culminating in a visit to Weimar, already established as the shrine of J.W. von Goethe and Friedrich von Schiller. In Berlin she met August Wilhelm von Schlegel,…

Carlos Manuel de Céspedes: …revolution failed, Céspedes started the Ten Years’ War (1868–78), which ultimately led to Cuban independence.

Italy: Venice in the 14th century: …and the Senate stood the Council of Ten. In 1310 Baiamonte Tiepolo and other nobles had sought to seize power from the dominant faction in the Great Council. It was after the suppression of this conspiracy that the Great Council created the Council of Ten, armed with exceptional powers. At…

Paris Peace Conference: …constitute a Supreme Council, or Council of Ten, to monopolize all the major decision making. In March, however, the Supreme Council was, for reasons of convenience, reduced to a Council of Four, numbering only the Western heads of government, as the chief Japanese plenipotentiary, Prince Saionji Kimmochi, abstained from concerning…

international payment and exchange: The Group of Ten: As early as 1961 there were signs of a crisis in the IMF system. The United States had been running a heavy deficit since 1958, and the United Kingdom plunged into one in 1960. It looked as if these two countries might…

the Ten, were a group of 10 American painters who first exhibited together in 1898, in New York City, and continued to do so for the next 20 years. Most members of the group painted in an Impressionist style. Although their work did not differ radically in technique or subject matter from that of

Bstan-’gyur, the second great collection of Buddhist sacred writings in Tibet, comprising more than 3,600 texts filling some 225 volumes and supplementary to the canonical Bka’-’gyur (“Translation of the Buddha-Word”). This collection is made up of translations of works by individual Indian

Black Panther Ten-Point Program, document first published on May 15, 1967, in the second issue of The Black Panther, the newspaper of the militant Black Panther Party for Self-Defense. Composed in October 1966 by Bobby Seale and Huey P. Newton, the cofounders of the Black Panther Party, the

ladyfish, (Elops saurus), primarily tropical coastal marine fish of the family Elopidae (order Elopiformes), related to the tarpon and bonefish. The ladyfish is slender and pikelike in form and covered with fine silver scales; there are grooves into which the dorsal and anal fins can be depressed.

20th-century international relations: Rearmament and tactical planning: …British government had established the Ten-Year Rule as a rationale for holding down military spending: Each year it was determined that virtually no chance existed of war breaking out over the next decade. In 1931 expenditures were cut to the bone in response to the worldwide financial crisis. The following…

Tena, town, eastern Ecuador, located in the Oriente region (tropical rainforest section of Ecuador, east of the Andes Mountains) on an affluent of the Napo River. A missionary settlement, it has a subsistence economy based on some stock raising and on barter among the lowland Quechua, who

Jack Black: Tenacious D: When Black met Kyle Gass in the Actors’ Gang troupe, Black was an ambitious acting student, and Gass was one of the troupe’s house musicians. Although their relationship got off to a rocky start, they soon became friends and began exchanging ideas about…

mineral: Tenacity: Several mineral properties that depend on the cohesive force between atoms (and ions) in mineral structures are grouped under tenacity. A mineral’s tenacity can be described by the following terms: malleable, capable of being flattened under the blows of a hammer into thin sheets…

landlord and tenant: tenant, the parties to the leasing of real estate, whose relationship is bound by contract. The landlord, or lessor, as owner or possessor of a property—whether corporeal, such as lands or buildings, or incorporeal, such as rights of common or of way—agrees through a lease,…

property law: Landlord and tenant: …the landlord and tenant (tenancy at will). Either landlord or tenant may give notice to the other at any time to terminate the tenancy. (In many jurisdictions tenancies at will are subject to statutory regulation concerning the time of the notice to terminate, thus making them more like periodic…

property law: Marital owners: …form of tenancy known as tenancy by the entirety (which still exists in a number of American jurisdictions). Tenancy by entirety is like joint tenancy in that the surviving spouse takes the whole of the property upon the death of the other spouse. It differs from joint tenancy in that…

property law: Concurrent individual owners: …jurisdictions are joint tenancy and tenancy in common. In both forms each tenant has the right to possess and the privilege to use the whole thing. If it is physically impracticable for them all to possess or to use the thing, they must agree among themselves who will have possession…

landlord and tenant: tenant, the parties to the leasing of real estate, whose relationship is bound by contract. The landlord, or lessor, as owner or possessor of a property—whether corporeal, such as lands or buildings, or incorporeal, such as rights of common or of way—agrees through a lease,…

tenant farming, agricultural system in which landowners contribute their land and a measure of operating capital and management while tenants contribute their labour with various amounts of capital and management, the returns being shared in a variety of ways. Payment to the owner may be in the

The Tenant of Wildfell Hall, novel by Anne Brontë (writing under the pseudonym Acton Bell), first published in three volumes in 1848. This epistolary novel presents a portrait of debauchery that is remarkable in light of the author’s sheltered life. It is the story of young Helen Graham’s

Bernard Malamud: …are A New Life (1961), The Tenants (1971; film 2005), Dubin’s Lives (1979), and God’s Grace (1982).

Bernard Malamud: …Life (1961), The Tenants (1971; film 2005), Dubin’s Lives (1979), and God’s Grace (1982).

Battle of Guadalcanal: The land campaign on Guadalcanal: At the Battle of the Tenaru (also called the Battle of Alligator Creek), U.S. Marine defenders annihilated a force of some 900 veteran Japanese army troops east of Henderson Field.

Tenasserim, narrow coastal region, southeastern Myanmar (Burma), bordered to the east by Thailand and to the west by the Andaman Sea. The Mergui Archipelago, with more than 200 islands of varying sizes, fringes the western shore. Tenasserim is dominated by the Tenasserim Range, which reaches a

Tenasserim: Tenasserim is dominated by the Tenasserim Range, which reaches a height of 6,801 feet (2,074 m), and is bisected by the Great Tenasserim River, which flows south to the Andaman Sea. Swamp forests are found on the east coast. The Tenasserim plains to the north are drained also by short…

Tenasserim: Tenasserim is dominated by the Tenasserim Range, which reaches a height of 6,801 feet (2,074 m), and is bisected by the Great Tenasserim River, which flows south to the Andaman Sea. Swamp forests are found on the east coast. The Tenasserim plains to the north are drained also by short…

Tenasserim: Tenasserim is dominated by the Tenasserim Range, which reaches a height of 6,801 feet (2,074 m), and is bisected by the Great Tenasserim River, which flows south to the Andaman Sea. Swamp forests are found on the east coast. The Tenasserim plains to the north are drained also by short…

Pecan Shellers’ Strike: Mexican American labour organizer Emma Tenayuca emerged as their leader. Known as La Pasionaria (“The Passionate One”) for her rallying speeches, Tenayuca had helped form the Texas Workers Alliance—a branch of the communist- and socialist-oriented Workers Alliance of America—a few years before to advocate for unemployed and underpaid workers…

Tenby, market town and resort, historic and present county of Pembrokeshire, southwestern Wales. It is situated within Pembrokeshire Coast National Park on the western shore of Carmarthen Bay, about 10 miles (16 km) east of Pembroke. Though Scandinavian settlement probably occurred there, the town

Ma Huateng: …and CEO (1998– ) of Tencent Holdings Ltd., one of the world’s largest Internet companies.

tench, (Tinca tinca), widely distributed Eurasian aquarium and game fish of the carp family Cyprinidae (order Cypriniformes), noted for its ability to survive low oxygen conditions. The tench is a stout, small-scaled fish with a barbel at each corner of its mouth and a thick, slimy skin. It is

Tom Petty: …former members, Mike Campbell and Benmont Tench, joined Ron Blair and Stan Lynch to form Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers.

Watkin Tench was a British army officer whose two books about early Australia have become classics. Commissioned a lieutenant in the British army (1778), Tench shipped out for Australia nine years later as a captain lieutenant of marines, arriving in Botany Bay on Jan. 20, 1788. A year later he

Tenji was the 38th emperor of Japan, from 668 to 672, and the ruler who freed the Japanese court from the domination of the Soga family. Tenji implemented a series of reforms that strengthened the central government in accord with the Chinese model and restored power to the emperor. The Soga family

Claudine-Alexandrine Guérin de Tencin was a French author and literary patroness whose associations with celebrated writers and political personalities ensured her position as one of the prominent social figures of the 18th century. Tencin became a nun early in life but soon abandoned her vows in

Pierre Guérin de Tencin was a French statesman, cardinal, and anti-Jansenist of the 18th century. Tencin owed his quick advance to power to his sister, Claudine-Alexandrine Guérin de Tencin, influential mistress of a famed salon. He was successively abbé of Vezelay (1702), vicar general of Sens

Jorge Amado: …include Tenda dos milagres (1969; Tent of Miracles), Tiêta do agreste (1977; Tieta, the Goat Girl), Tocaia grande (1984; Show Down), and O sumiço da santa (1993; The War of the Saints). Amado published his memoirs, Navegaçãu de cabotagem (“Coastal Navigation”), in 1992.

Tenda Pass, pass (6,135 feet [1,870 m]) in the Maritime Alps, lying on the French-Italian border near the resort of Limone Piemonte. Two parallel tunnels carry a railroad and highway beneath the Tenda Pass to connect Nice, Fr., with Turin, Italy. Some Alpine specialists consider the pass to be the

Tenda Pass, pass (6,135 feet [1,870 m]) in the Maritime Alps, lying on the French-Italian border near the resort of Limone Piemonte. Two parallel tunnels carry a railroad and highway beneath the Tenda Pass to connect Nice, Fr., with Turin, Italy. Some Alpine specialists consider the pass to be the

Tiantai, rationalist school of Buddhist thought that takes its name from the mountain in southeastern China where its founder and greatest exponent, Zhiyi, lived and taught in the 6th century. The school was introduced into Japan in 806 by Saichō, known posthumously as Dengyō Daishi. The chief

Sannō Ichijitsu Shintō, in Japanese religion, the syncretic school that combined Shintō with the teachings of the Tendai sect of Buddhism. Shintō-Buddhist syncretism developed from the Japanese concept that Shintō deities (kami) were manifestations of Buddhist divinities. The earliest of these

Tenda Pass, pass (6,135 feet [1,870 m]) in the Maritime Alps, lying on the French-Italian border near the resort of Limone Piemonte. Two parallel tunnels carry a railroad and highway beneath the Tenda Pass to connect Nice, Fr., with Turin, Italy. Some Alpine specialists consider the pass to be the

Ferdinand Christian Baur: …became known as the “tendency theory,” for he asserted that the Gospels reveal a mediating, or conciliatory, Tendenz of their authors to overcome the Jewish-Gentile conflict. Baur posited the existence of an initial Gospel modified by later writers.

locomotive: Steam locomotives: …in a separate vehicle, the tender, coupled to the locomotive. The tender of a typical European main-line locomotive had a capacity of 9,000 kg (10 tons) of coal and 30,000 litres (8,000 gallons) of water. In North America, higher capacities were common.

Ben Affleck: Roles of the 2010s and beyond: …in 2021 Affleck starred in The Tender Bar, portraying a bartender who becomes a father figure to his nephew; the drama, which was based on a memoir by J.R. Moehringer, was directed by George Clooney. Affleck later appeared alongside Ana de Armas in Deep Water (2022), a thriller inspired by…

Tender Buttons, book of poems by Gertrude Stein, first published in 1914 as Tender Buttons: Objects, Food, Rooms. Heavily influenced by Cubism, the poetry in this work was considered by some critics to have taken abstraction and fragmentation past the limits of comprehensibility. The poems are

Joseph Addison: Government service: …helping him write the play The Tender Husband (1705). In practical ways Addison also assisted Steele with substantial loans and the appointment as editor of the official London Gazette. In 1708 Addison was elected to Parliament for Lostwithiel in Cornwall, and later in the same year he was made secretary…

Tender Is the Night, semiautobiographical novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald, published in 1934. It is the story of a psychiatrist who marries one of his patients; as she slowly recovers, she exhausts his vitality until he is, in Fitzgerald’s words, un homme épuisé (“a used-up man”). At first a charming

Henry King: Later films: …better served in King’s 1962 adaptation of the writer’s novel Tender Is the Night. Producer David O. Selznick intended the drama to be a showcase for his wife, Jennifer Jones, who played a mentally ill woman whose psychiatrist husband (Jason Robards) pays a steep price for her recovery. The film,…

Bruce Beresford: …to direct the Hollywood film Tender Mercies (1983), which was written by Horton Foote and starred Robert Duvall as a faded country music star. For the drama, Beresford received an Oscar nomination for best director. His next two films, King David (1985) and The Fringe Dwellers (1986), were misfires, but…

Charles Walters: …enchanting songs and dances, while The Tender Trap (both 1955) showed that Walters could mount a good romantic comedy; it starred Frank Sinatra as a womanizing agent who falls in love with an aspiring actress (Debbie Reynolds). Sinatra returned for High Society (1956), a musical remake of George Cukor’s The…

Max Shulman: …also wrote the Broadway play The Tender Trap (1954), which comically portrayed the pitfalls of marriage and in 1955 was made into a motion picture starring Frank Sinatra and Debbie Reynolds. From 1954 to 1970 the irrepressible Shulman, who considered nothing sacred, wrote a syndicated weekly column, “On Campus.”

meat processing: Tenderness: The tenderness of meat is influenced by a number of factors including the grain of the meat, the amount of connective tissue, and the amount of fat.

Australian Aboriginal peoples: Leadership and social control: …River a formal council, or tendi, of clan headmen and elders did arbitrate disagreements between adjacent groups. Generally, simple informal meetings of elders and men of importance dealt with grievances and other matters. There was also settlement by ordeal—the most outstanding example of this sort being the Makarrata (magarada, or…

tendinitis, inflammation of the sheaths of the tendons. These sheaths are composed of thin, filmy tissue that permits the sliding motion of tendons within them. The cause of inflammation is irritation of the sheaths by prolonged or abnormal use of the tendons. Less often it may follow invasion of

tennis elbow: …inflammation of the tendon, or tendinosis, indicating tissue damage to the tendon.

Japan: The Tokugawa status system: …based upon the concept of tendō (“way of heaven”). Tendō essentially took on the connotation of the Chinese term t’ien-ming (“mandate of heaven”; Japanese: tenmei), and Razan and other Confucian thinkers provided an explanation and justification for changes in rulers through the process of gekokujō (overthrow of superiors by inferiors)…

Achilles tendon, strong tendon at the back of the heel that connects the calf muscles to the heel. The tendon is formed from the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles (the calf muscles) and is inserted into the heel bone. The contracting calf muscles lift the heel by this tendon, thus producing a foot

tendon, tissue that attaches a muscle to other body parts, usually bones. Tendons are the connective tissues that transmit the mechanical force of muscle contraction to the bones; the tendon is firmly connected to muscle fibres at one end and to components of the bone at its other end. Tendons are

human nervous system: Tendon organs: The tendon organ consists simply of an afferent nerve fiber that terminates in a number of branches upon slips of tendon where the tendons join onto muscle fibers. By lying in series with muscle, the tendon organ is well placed to signal muscular…

tendinitis, inflammation of the sheaths of the tendons. These sheaths are composed of thin, filmy tissue that permits the sliding motion of tendons within them. The cause of inflammation is irritation of the sheaths by prolonged or abnormal use of the tendons. Less often it may follow invasion of

Jura Mountains: …metres]), both in France, and Mount Tendre and La Dôle, both more than 5,500 feet (1,680 metres), in Switzerland. Toward the northeast and along the outer ridges of the arc, the elevations of the crests are lower.

tendril, in botany, plant organ specialized to anchor and support vining stems. Tendrils may be modified leaves, leaflets, leaf tips, or leaf stipules; they may, however, be derived as modified stem branches (e.g., grapes). Other special plant structures fulfill a similar function, but the tendril

Tendring, district, administrative and historic county of Essex, England. It occupies the low-lying North Sea coastal tract between the estuaries of the Rivers Stour and Colne in the northeastern corner of Essex. Most of the district’s population is concentrated in urban communities on the coast,

Dinanath Gopal Tendulkar first published his eight-volume biography of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, Mahatma, in 1951–54. He published a revised and expanded edition in 1960–63. The biography that he wrote for the Encyclopædia Britannica first appeared in the 1964 printing of the 14th edition, and it

Sachin Tendulkar is an Indian professional cricket player, considered by many to be one of the greatest batsmen of all time. In 2012, he became the first cricketer to score 100 centuries (100 runs in a single innings) in international play. Tendulkar was given his first bat when he was 11 years of

Sachin Tendulkar is an Indian professional cricket player, considered by many to be one of the greatest batsmen of all time. In 2012, he became the first cricketer to score 100 centuries (100 runs in a single innings) in international play. Tendulkar was given his first bat when he was 11 years of

La Tène, (French: The Shallows), archaeological site at the eastern end of Lake Neuchâtel, Switzerland, the name of which has been extended to distinguish the Late Iron Age culture of European Celts. La Tène culture originated in the mid-5th century bce, when the Celts came into contact with Greek

canonical hours: …Week during the service of Tenebrae (“darkness”), in which 15 candles were individually extinguished until the church was in total darkness. In Matins, there are nine lessons, each concluding with a responsory. The first three lessons are taken from the Book of Lamentations in the Bible. Numerous polyphonic settings were…

darkling beetle: …darkling beetle known as the mealworm (Tenebrio) are used as food for such pets as birds and fish. Both the mealworm and the smaller flour beetle (Tribolium confusum) are pests in dried foods. Remains of Tribolium have been found in a grain jar in an Egyptian tomb dating back to…

bark-gnawing beetle: The species Tenebrioides mauritanicus is found in granaries where its larvae, commonly known as cadelles, feed on both the grain and other insects in the grain. Tennochilus virescens, an eastern species, is blue-green in colour and has a ferocious bite.

darkling beetle, (family Tenebrionidae), any of approximately 20,000 species of insects in the order Coleoptera so named because of their nocturnal habits. These beetles tend to be short and dark; some, however, have bright markings. Although found on every continent, they are more common in warm,

coleopteran: Annotated classification: Superfamily Tenebrionoidea Dark-coloured; threadlike antennae; small to medium in size; many associated with decaying wood or fungi, though feeding behaviour and preferred habitats are diverse. Contains numerous families; many listed below. Family Aderidae (antlike leaf beetles) About 350 species; usually found in deadwood or

tenebrism, in the history of Western painting, the use of extreme contrasts of light and dark in figurative compositions to heighten their dramatic effect. (The term is derived from the Latin tenebrae, “darkness.”) In tenebrist paintings, the figures are often portrayed against a background of

apartment house: …New York City apartment, or tenement, a type first constructed in the 1830s, consisted of apartments popularly known as railroad flats because the narrow rooms were arranged end-to-end in a row like boxcars. Indeed, few low-cost apartment buildings erected in Europe or America before 1918 were designed for either comfort…

Pere Ubu: …on well-received recordings such as The Tenement Year (1988), Cloudland (1989), and Worlds in Collision (1991).

Tenentismo, (from Portuguese tenente, “lieutenant”), movement among young, idealistic Brazilian army officers, mostly from the lower-middle class, who pressed for social justice and national reforms in Brazil in the 1920s. On July 5, 1922, a number of the young officers raised the standard of

Ténéré, physiographic region of the Sahara extending from northeastern Niger into western Chad. Comprising the northwestern part of the Central Sudan depression, this vast level plain of sand extends over approximately 154,440 square miles (400,000 square km). It is bounded by the Aïr massif