tsetse fly, (genus Glossina), any of about two to three dozen species of bloodsucking flies in the housefly family, Muscidae (order Diptera), that occur only in Africa and transmit sleeping sickness (African trypanosomiasis) in humans and a similar disease called nagana in domestic animals. Tsetse

Indian philosophy: Forms of argument and presentation: …the bhashyas and write a tika (subcommentary). The usual order is sutra–bhashya–varttika (collection of critical notes)–tika. At any stage a person may introduce a new and original point of view, but at no stage can one claim originality for oneself. Not even authors of sutras could do that, for they…

Tikal, city and ceremonial centre of the ancient Maya civilization. The largest urban centre in the southern Maya lowlands, it stood 19 miles (30 km) north of Lake Petén Itzá in what is now the northern part of the region of Petén, Guatemala, in a tropical rainforest. Uaxactún, a smaller Maya city,

Guatemala: Services: …of departure for visits to Tikal National Park, which was designated a World Heritage site in 1979. Antigua Guatemala (also made a World Heritage site in 1979), the old colonial capital, has a wealth of ruins and “earthquake baroque” architecture. It has been revived as a tourist and cultural centre…

Guatemala: Services: …of departure for visits to Tikal National Park, which was designated a World Heritage site in 1979. Antigua Guatemala (also made a World Heritage site in 1979), the old colonial capital, has a wealth of ruins and “earthquake baroque” architecture. It has been revived as a tourist and cultural centre…

Tecumseh was a Shawnee Indian chief, orator, military leader, and advocate of intertribal Indian alliance who directed Indian resistance to white rule in the Ohio River valley. In the War of 1812 he joined British forces for the capture of Detroit and the invasion of Ohio. A decisive battle against

Cameroon: Ethnic and linguistic composition: …western Semi-Bantu-speaking groups include the Tikar, who live in the Bamenda region and in the western high plateau.

Ludlow Massacre: …striking leaders, including labour organizer Louis Tikas, were captured and killed by the National Guard; anecdotal evidence suggests that Tikas had been lured out to discuss a truce. As the strikers ran out of ammunition, they retreated from the camp into the surrounding countryside. Women and children, hiding from the…

Vasily Dmitrievich Tikhomirov was a ballet dancer and influential teacher who helped develop the vigorous style and technical virtuosity of the Bolshoi Ballet in Moscow. He trained such dancers as Mikhail Mordkin, Alexandre Volinine, and Yekaterina Geltzer, his first wife and frequent dance

Saint Tikhon ; canonized Oct. 9, 1989) was the patriarch of the Russian Orthodox church following the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917. At first sharply resisting the new Soviet state’s antiecclesiastical legislation, he refused to cooperate with a schismatic, state-supported, and politically oriented

Birobidzhan, city and administrative centre of Yevreyskaya autonomous oblast (region), Khabarovsk kray (territory), far southeastern Siberia, Russia. The city is situated on the Bira River, a tributary of the Amur River, and on the Trans-Siberian Railroad. It was founded in 1928 as a railway

Nikolay Aleksandrovich Tikhonov was the premier of the Soviet Union from 1980 to 1985, a staunch Communist Party member closely associated with the former Soviet president and Communist Party chairman Leonid Brezhnev. Born into a middle-class Ukrainian family, Tikhonov graduated from the

Nikolay Semyonovich Tikhonov was a Soviet poet and prose writer, notable for his heroic war ballads and for his originality and poetic experimentation. Tikhonov was born into a middle-class family and received a rather poor formal education. He fought in a hussar regiment during World War I, later

Tikhoretsk, city and administrative centre of Tikhoretsk raion (sector), Krasnodar kray (territory), southwestern Russia. It is a railway junction and grain centre with flour mills and locomotive repair shops. An oil pipeline was opened in 1969 from the northern Caucasus to join an existing

And Quiet Flows the Don: …first part of the novel Tikhy Don by Mikhail Sholokhov. The Russian novel was published between 1928 and 1940; the English translation of the first part appeared in 1934. The Don Flows Home to the Sea, part two of the original novel, was published in English translation in 1940.

Tiko, town and port located in southwestern Cameroon. It is situated along the Bimbia River at the Gulf of Guinea, 12 miles (19 km) east of Limbe (formerly Victoria). The port’s activity declined in the face of increasing competition from Douala and Limbe, but it remains significant as a

Marc Ravalomanana: Early life and political career: His company, TIKO, would become the largest domestically owned business in Madagascar.

Tikrīt, city, capital of Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn muḥāfaẓah (governorate), north-central Iraq. It lies on the west bank of the Tigris River about 100 miles (160 km) northwest of Baghdad. In the 10th century Tikrīt had a noted fortress and was home to a large Christian monastery. Its wealth at that time derived

Tiktaalik roseae, an extinct fishlike aquatic animal that lived about 380–385 million years ago (during the earliest late Devonian Period) and was a very close relative of the direct ancestors of tetrapods (four-legged land vertebrates). The genus name, Tiktaalik, comes from the Inuktitut language

TikTok, social media platform designed for creating, editing, and sharing short videos between 15 seconds and three minutes in length. TikTok provides songs and sounds as well as filters and special effects that users can add to their videos. Users also have the option to upload videos from their

Tucuna, a South American Indian people living in Brazil, Peru, and Colombia, around the Amazon-Solimões and Putomayo-Içá rivers. They numbered about 25,000 in the late 1980s. The Tucunan language does not appear to be related to any of the other languages spoken in the region. The Tucuna live in

Mesopotamian art and architecture: Painting and decorative arts: …bce), a country palace at Til Barsip (modern Tall al-Ahmar) was decorated in this way, with the conventional motifs of relief designs rather clumsily adapted to this very different medium. A few years later, such paintings were extensively used to decorate both wall faces and ceilings in Sargon II’s palace…

Mesopotamian art and architecture: Painting and decorative arts: …bce), a country palace at Til Barsip (modern Tall al-Ahmar) was decorated in this way, with the conventional motifs of relief designs rather clumsily adapted to this very different medium. A few years later, such paintings were extensively used to decorate both wall faces and ceilings in Sargon II’s palace…

Makar Sankranti, Hindu festival in January celebrating the entrance of the sun into the astrological sign of makara (corresponding to Capricorn) and the beginning of the sun’s uttarayana (northward journey). Makar Sankranti occurs on January 14 (or 15 during a leap year). Unlike most other holidays

the Orioles: The members were Sonny Til (byname of Earlington Carl Tilghman; b. August 18, 1925, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.—d. December 9, 1981, Washington, D.C.), Alexander Sharp (b. December 1919, Baltimore—d. January 1970), George Nelson (b. 1925, Baltimore—d. 1959), Johnny Reed (b. c. 1929, Baltimore—d. June 18, 2005, Lakewood, New Jersey),…

consumer credit: In the United States the Truth in Lending Act (part of the Consumer Credit Protection Act of 1968) requires lenders to state finance charges in ways that allow borrowers to compare the terms being offered by the lending companies.

tilak, in Hinduism, a mark, generally made on the forehead, indicating a person’s sectarian affiliation. The marks are made by hand or with a metal stamp, using ash from a sacrificial fire, sandalwood paste, turmeric, cow dung, clay, charcoal, or red lead. Among some sects the mark is made on 2, 5,

Bal Gangadhar Tilak was a scholar, mathematician, philosopher, and ardent nationalist who helped lay the foundation for India’s independence by building his own defiance of British rule into a national movement. He founded (1914) and served as president of the Indian Home Rule League. In 1916 he

tilak, in Hinduism, a mark, generally made on the forehead, indicating a person’s sectarian affiliation. The marks are made by hand or with a metal stamp, using ash from a sacrificial fire, sandalwood paste, turmeric, cow dung, clay, charcoal, or red lead. Among some sects the mark is made on 2, 5,

cichlid: …many species of the genus Tilapia and also to certain other Old World genera.

tilapia, common name used for certain species of fishes belonging to the family Cichlidae (order Perciformes), represented by numerous, mostly freshwater species native to Africa. Tilapias are perhaps best known because of their potential as an easily raised and harvested food fish. Their

perciform: Use as food: The African mouthbreeder (Tilapia macrocephala; Cichlidae) has been successfully introduced in many areas and is valued for its rapid rate of reproduction and growth, providing a source of low-cost protein.

cichlid: A notable cichlid is Tilapia mossambica, a prolific African species that is now cultivated in many regions as a source of food.

Costa Rica: Relief: …the Cordillera de Guanacaste, the Cordillera de Tilarán, and the Cordillera Central. Designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1983, the Cordillera de Talamanca is a massive granite batholith, quite different geologically from the volcanically active northern ranges. Costa Rica’s highest point, Mount Chirripó (12,530 feet [3,819 metres]), is in…

Tilburg, gemeente (municipality), southern Netherlands, on the Wilhelmina Canal. A small village until 1800, it grew rapidly into one of the chief industrial centres of the south, specializing in woolen textiles. However, textiles have been severely eclipsed, and the town’s main industries are now

Tilbury, port in Thurrock unitary authority, historic county of Essex, eastern England. It lies along the north bank of the River Thames estuary opposite Gravesend, 26 miles (42 km) downstream of London Bridge. It is famous for its docks; constructed in 1884–86, they have been extensively

Edwin Arlington Robinson: …a small New England village, Tilbury Town, very much like the Gardiner, Maine, in which he grew up.

Bill Tilden was an American tennis player who dominated the game for more than a decade, winning seven U.S. championships (now the U.S. Open), three Wimbledon Championships, and two professional titles. His overpowering play and temperamental personality made him one of the most colourful sports

Samuel J. Tilden was a lawyer, governor of New York, and Democratic presidential candidate in the disputed election of 1876. Tilden attended Yale College and the University of the City of New York for brief periods and studied law. He began to practice law in New York City in 1841. Despite frequent

Samuel J. Tilden was a lawyer, governor of New York, and Democratic presidential candidate in the disputed election of 1876. Tilden attended Yale College and the University of the City of New York for brief periods and studied law. He began to practice law in New York City in 1841. Despite frequent

rubber: The rise of synthetic rubber: …and in 1882 another Briton, W.A. Tilden, produced isoprene by the destructive distillation of turpentine. Tilden also assigned isoprene the structural formula CH2=C(CH3)―CH=CH2.

Bill Tilden was an American tennis player who dominated the game for more than a decade, winning seven U.S. championships (now the U.S. Open), three Wimbledon Championships, and two professional titles. His overpowering play and temperamental personality made him one of the most colourful sports

United States: The Ulysses S. Grant administrations, 1869–77: The circumstances surrounding the disputed election of 1876 strengthened Hayes’s intention to work with the Southern whites, even if it meant abandoning the few Radical regimes that remained in the South. In an election marked by widespread fraud and many irregularities, the Democratic candidate, Samuel J. Tilden, received the…

Zoltán Tildy was a non-Communist statesman who was president of Hungary for a short time after World War II and a member of the 1956 anti-Soviet revolutionary government. Trained as a Protestant reformed minister, Tildy studied theology in Belfast, Ire. After his return to Hungary, he taught at a

tile, thin, flat slab or block used structurally or decoratively in building. Traditionally, tiles have been made of glazed or unglazed fired clay, but modern tiles are also made of plastic, glass, asphalt, or asbestos cement. Acoustical tiles are manufactured from fibreboard or other

cuprite: Tile ore is a soft, earthy variety that is brick-red to brownish red; it often contains admixed hematite or limonite and has been formed by the alteration of chalcopyrite.

land reclamation: Reclamation of swampy lands: …water may be removed through tile lines installed beneath the surface of the soil. The tiles are traditionally made of fired clay or concrete, although corrugated plastic tubing is also commonly used. The spacing of the tile lines is governed by the permeability of the soil. The more permeable the…

tile: Roof tiles of some Greek temples were made of marble; in ancient Rome, of bronze. Stone slabs used for roofing in parts of England are called tiles. Many rough forms of terra-cotta are called tiles when used structurally. The steel forms for casting certain types…

Wang Shu: …Shu also made the installation Tiled Garden (2006) for the Venice Biennale. The garden consisted of a sea of tens of thousands of tiles that had been salvaged from Chinese demolition sites, laid in meditative rows, and made accessible to the viewer by means of a bamboo bridge.

tilefish, any of about 40 species of elongated marine fishes in the family Malacanthidae (order Perciformes), with representatives occurring in tropical and warm temperate seas. Malacanthidae is formally divided into the subfamilies Malacanthinae and Latilinae; however, some taxonomists consider

Aegean civilizations: The Early Bronze Age (c. 3000–2200): The so-called House of Tiles at Lerna, destroyed by fire toward the end of the period, appears to have been an important focus for the community. A massive rectangle two stories high, with a roofed balcony upstairs, the structure takes its name from the baked clay tiles…

papermaking: Chemical wood pulp: …defibring wood was observed by B.C. Tilghman, a U.S. chemist, as early as 1857. Several years later he renewed his experiments and, in 1867, was granted a patent for making paper pulp from vegetable material. He used high temperature and pressure and observed that the presence of a base such…

Battle of Fort Henry: …2,500 Confederate defenders under General Lloyd Tilghman fought briefly, then retreated 12 miles (19 km) overland to nearby Fort Donelson to prepare a stronger defensive line.

Shirley M. Tilghman is a Canadian molecular biologist and the first woman to serve as president of Princeton University (2001–13). Tilghman is also known for her research into genomic imprinting and gene regulation during embryonic and fetal development, which helped advance understanding of

Shirley M. Tilghman is a Canadian molecular biologist and the first woman to serve as president of Princeton University (2001–13). Tilghman is also known for her research into genomic imprinting and gene regulation during embryonic and fetal development, which helped advance understanding of

linden, (genus Tilia), genus of about 30 species of trees in the hibiscus, or mallow, family (Malvaceae) native to the Northern Hemisphere. A few are outstanding as ornamental and shade trees. Lindens are large graceful deciduous trees. The asymmetrical leaves are heart-shaped and coarsely toothed.

basswood, (Tilia americana), species of linden tree of the hibiscus, or mallow, family (Malvaceae) common to North America. Basswood is found in a vast area of eastern and southeastern North America and centred in the Great Lakes region. A large shade tree, basswood provides wood for beehives,

linden: Major species: Small-leaf, or little-leaf, linden (T. cordata), a European tree, is widely planted as a street tree. The hybrid Crimean linden (T. euchlora, a cross between T. cordata and T. dasystyla), which grows up to 20 metres (66 feet) in height, has yielded a graceful pyramidal…

linden: Major species: The hybrid Crimean linden (T. euchlora, a cross between T. cordata and T. dasystyla), which grows up to 20 metres (66 feet) in height, has yielded a graceful pyramidal cultivar, the Redmond linden (T. americana ‘Redmond’), having a single straight trunk.

linden: Major species: The European linden, or common lime (T. europaea), is a natural hybrid between the big-leaf linden (T. platyphyllos) and little-leaf linden. Silver linden (T. tomentosa) is distinguished by its white-silvery underleaf; pendant silver linden (T. petiolaris) is valued for its weeping habit.

Tlemcen, town, northwestern Algeria, near the border with Morocco. Tlemcen is backed by the cliffs of the well-watered Tlemcen Mountains and overlooks the fertile Hennaya and Maghnia plains. Lying at an elevation of 2,648 feet (807 metres), Tlemcen is located sufficiently inland to avoid the

Tlemcen, town, northwestern Algeria, near the border with Morocco. Tlemcen is backed by the cliffs of the well-watered Tlemcen Mountains and overlooks the fertile Hennaya and Maghnia plains. Lying at an elevation of 2,648 feet (807 metres), Tlemcen is located sufficiently inland to avoid the

lizard: Parental care: In Australia, juvenile sleepy lizards (Tiliqua rugosa) remain in their mother’s home range for an extended period, and this behaviour suggests that they gain a survival advantage by doing so. Female sleepy lizards and those of the Baudin Island spiny-tailed skink (Egernia stokesii aethiops) recognize their own offspring…

Ṣunʿ Allāh Ibrāhīm: The Smell of It, & Other Stories). The work’s descriptions of the experience of imprisonment made it politically subversive, and it shocked Egyptian censors with its frank treatment of sexuality between inmates. The book was banned in Egypt, and two decades passed before an uncensored…

till, in geology, unsorted material deposited directly by glacial ice and showing no stratification. Till is sometimes called boulder clay because it is composed of clay, boulders of intermediate sizes, or a mixture of these. The rock fragments are usually angular and sharp rather than rounded,

Mamie Till-Mobley: Activism and later life: …the subject of the biopic Till (2022).

August Strindberg: Late years: …a drama in three parts, To Damascus, in which he depicts himself as “the Stranger,” a wanderer seeking spiritual peace and finding it with another character, “the Lady,” who resembles both Siri and Frida.

Megan Fox: In Till Death (2021), Fox was cast as a woman trying to evade two killers after being handcuffed to her dead husband.

Cherie Booth: …the long-running BBC television series Till Death Do Us Part, his private life dissolved into alcoholism, philandering, and debt, and Smith and her children never benefited materially from his acting success. Cherie Booth attended Roman Catholic schools near Liverpool and subsequently studied law at the London School of Economics.

All in the Family: …on the popular British comedy Till Death Us Do Part (1965–75) and was adapted for an American audience by producers Norman Lear and Alan (“Bud”) Yorkin. Breaking new ground with its often controversial subject matter, All in the Family became the top-rated show in the United States for five consecutive…

Richard Strauss: Works of Richard Strauss: …Till Eulenspiegels lustige Streiche (1894–95; Till Eulenspiegel’s Merry Pranks), wherein Strauss found the exact instrumental sounds and colours to depict the 14th-century rogue Till’s adventures, from his scattering pots and pans in a market and mocking the clergy to his death-squawk on a D clarinet on the gallows. Also sprach…

Richard Strauss: Works of Richard Strauss: …Till Eulenspiegels lustige Streiche (1894–95; Till Eulenspiegel’s Merry Pranks), wherein Strauss found the exact instrumental sounds and colours to depict the 14th-century rogue Till’s adventures, from his scattering pots and pans in a market and mocking the clergy to his death-squawk on a D clarinet on the gallows. Also sprach…

Tony Martin: …in the Jerome Kern biography Till the Clouds Roll By (1946) and the musical Casbah (1948; as the French gangster Pépé Le Moko). In 1948 he married the actress and dancer Cyd Charisse. Martin’s later films include the musical comedies Here Come the Girls (1953), in which he costarred with…

Till We Have Faces, novel by C.S. Lewis, published in 1956, that retells the ancient myth of Cupid and Psyche. It was Lewis’s last fictional work. Reviews and sales were disappointing, probably because it was different from and more complex than the works that made him famous. But in a letter Lewis

Till We Have Faces, novel by C.S. Lewis, published in 1956, that retells the ancient myth of Cupid and Psyche. It was Lewis’s last fictional work. Reviews and sales were disappointing, probably because it was different from and more complex than the works that made him famous. But in a letter Lewis

Emmett Till was an African American teenager whose murder catalyzed the emerging civil rights movement. Till was born to working-class parents on the South Side of Chicago. When he was barely 14 years old, Till took a trip to rural Mississippi to spend the summer with relatives. His mother, Mamie

Emmett Till was an African American teenager whose murder catalyzed the emerging civil rights movement. Till was born to working-class parents on the South Side of Chicago. When he was barely 14 years old, Till took a trip to rural Mississippi to spend the summer with relatives. His mother, Mamie

Mamie Till-Mobley was an American educator and activist who helped galvanize the emerging civil rights movement after her son, Emmett Till, was murdered in 1955 for allegedly flirting with a white grocery store clerk in Mississippi. Mamie Carthan was born in rural Mississippi, the only child of

Mamie Till-Mobley was an American educator and activist who helped galvanize the emerging civil rights movement after her son, Emmett Till, was murdered in 1955 for allegedly flirting with a white grocery store clerk in Mississippi. Mamie Carthan was born in rural Mississippi, the only child of

tillage, in agriculture, the preparation of soil for planting and the cultivation of soil after planting. Tillage is the manipulation of the soil into a desired condition by mechanical means; tools are employed to achieve some desired effect (such as pulverization, cutting, or movement). Soil is

Tillamook, city, seat (1873) of Tillamook county, northwestern Oregon, U.S., on the Trask River, at the head of Tillamook Bay, an inlet of the Pacific Ocean. Founded in 1851, the settlement was known successively as Lincoln and Hoquarton before being named in 1885 for the local Tillamook Indians.

South Asian arts: The bharata natyam school: The performance ends with tillana, a pure dance accompanied by meaningless musical syllables chanted to punctuate the rhythm. The dancer explodes into leaps and jumps forward and backward, from right and left, in a state of ecstasy. Tillana ends with three clangs of the cymbals while the dancer executes…

Tillandsia, the most widely distributed genus of the pineapple family (Bromeliaceae), containing about 500 species of tropical American plants. They are mainly perennial herbs that are epiphytic (supported by other plants and having aerial roots exposed to the humid atmosphere). The leaves of some

epiphyte: …are uncommon in arid environments, ball moss (Tillandsia recurvata) is a notable exception and can be found in coastal deserts in Mexico, where it receives moisture from marine fog.

Spanish moss, (Tillandsia usneoides), epiphyte (a nonparasitic plant that is supported by another plant and has aerial roots exposed to the humid atmosphere) of the pineapple family (Bromeliaceae). It is found in southern North America, the West Indies, and Central and South America. The

Tillandsia: …used for packing or upholstery; T. xiphoides, a South American species, has strongly scented flowers that are sometimes used locally in medicines for respiratory diseases.

Sigrid Undset: …published originally in English as Return to the Future (1942; Norwegian Tillbake til fremtiden).

Joan Miró: Paris and early work: …the renowned Farm (1921) and The Tilled Field (1923–24). He gradually removed the objects he portrayed from their natural context and reassembled them as if in accordance with a new, mysterious grammar, creating a ghostly, eerie impression.

Sébastien Le Nain de Tillemont was a French ecclesiastical historian who was one of the earliest scholars to provide a rigorous appraisal of preceding historical writing. His works were objective and among the first of modern historical works to include a critical discussion of the principal

Sébastien Le Nain de Tillemont was a French ecclesiastical historian who was one of the earliest scholars to provide a rigorous appraisal of preceding historical writing. His works were objective and among the first of modern historical works to include a critical discussion of the principal

rudder: …by a handle termed a tiller or helm. In larger vessels, the rudder is turned by hydraulic, steam, or electrical machinery.

cultivator, farm implement or machine designed to stir the soil around a crop as it matures to promote growth and destroy weeds. Horse-drawn cultivators were introduced in the mid-19th century. By 1870 a farmer with two horses could cultivate as much as 6 hectares (15 acres) a day with a machine

Terence Tiller was an English playwright, translator, and poet whose best verse is noted for its highly wrought form and intense emotional content. Tiller taught medieval history at the University of Cambridge until 1939, when he began lecturing in English history and literature at Fuʾād I

Terence Tiller was an English playwright, translator, and poet whose best verse is noted for its highly wrought form and intense emotional content. Tiller taught medieval history at the University of Cambridge until 1939, when he began lecturing in English history and literature at Fuʾād I

The Standard: Jeevanjee hired an English editor-reporter, W.H. Tiller, to oversee the newspaper’s operations. In 1910 the paper became a daily, changed its name to the East African Standard, and moved to Nairobi, which was then fast developing as a commercial centre. It had already come under British ownership. In its early…

Rex W. Tillerson is an American business executive who served as secretary of state (2017–18) in the administration of U.S. Pres. Donald Trump. He previously was chairman and CEO (2006–16) of Exxon Mobil Corporation. Tillerson grew up in Oklahoma and Texas—two of the country’s leading producers of

bunt: caries) or T. laevis (formerly T. foetida) causes normal kernels to be replaced by “smut balls” containing powdery masses of brownish black spores characterized by a dead-fish odour. Smut balls break open and contaminate healthy kernels during harvest, and the spores may remain alive in dry soil…

bunt: caries) or T. laevis (formerly T. foetida) causes normal kernels to be replaced by “smut balls” containing powdery masses of brownish black spores characterized by a dead-fish odour. Smut balls break open and contaminate healthy kernels during harvest, and the spores may remain alive in dry soil…

bunt: Infection by Tilletia tritici (formerly T. caries) or T. laevis (formerly T. foetida) causes normal kernels to be replaced by “smut balls” containing powdery masses of brownish black spores characterized by a dead-fish odour. Smut balls break open and contaminate healthy kernels during harvest, and the spores…

fungus: Annotated classification: Order Tilletiales Parasitic on grasses (family Poaceae); ballistospore-forming; primary basidiospores may conjugate, forming dikaryon capable of infecting hosts; example genera include Tilletia, Conidiosporomyces, and Erratomyces. Subphylum Agaricomycotina Parasitic or symbiotic on plants,