international law: Historical development: …of private international law, and Baldo degli Ubaldi (1327–1400), a famed teacher, papal adviser, and authority on Roman and feudal law. The essence of the new approach, however, can be more directly traced to the philosophers of the Spanish Golden Age of the 16th and 17th centuries. Both Francisco de…

Gherardesca family: …with those of the archbishop Ruggieri degli Ubaldini, who wanted to revive the republican order. Ruggieri accused Ugolino of treason and in 1288 imprisoned him, along with two of his sons and two of his grandsons, in the tower of Gualandi, where he was left to die of starvation. Dante…

Democratic Republic of the Congo: Relief: In the north the Ubangi-Uele plateaus form the divide between the Nile and Congo river basins. Rising to between 3,000 and 4,000 feet (915 and 1,220 metres), these plateaus also separate the central basin from the vast plains of the Lake Chad system. In the south the plateaus begin…

Republic of the Congo: Settlement patterns: In the north, the Ubangi peoples live in the Congo River basin to the west of Mossaka, while the Binga Pygmies and the Sanga are scattered through the northern basin. Precolonial trade between north and south stimulated both cooperation and competition, while French favouritism toward the peoples of the…

Adamawa-Ubangi languages: …further subdivided into Adamawa and Ubangi subgroups.

Ubangi River, largest right-bank tributary of the Congo River, marking the border between the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kinshasa) and the Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville). The Ubangi is formed by the union (near Yakoma, Democratic Republic of the Congo, on the border of the Central

Bonny, town and Atlantic oil port situated in Rivers state, southern Nigeria. It lies along the Bonny River (an eastern distributary of the Niger River) 6 miles (10 km) upstream from the Bight of Biafra. A traditional trading centre (fish, salt, palm oil, and palm kernels) of the Ijo people, it was

Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Shīʿī: …news of al-Shīʿī’s success reached ʿUbayd ʿAllāh al-Mahdī, the leader of the Ismāʿīlīs, at his headquarters at Salamiyya, ʿUbayd disguised himself as a merchant and traveled toward northwest Africa. He was captured and jailed by the Khārijī emir of Sijilmāssa but was then rescued by al-Shīʿī in August 909. In…

al-Farazdaq: …the support of Ziyād’s son, ʿUbayd Allāh. When al-Ḥajjāj became governor (694), al-Farazdaq was again out of favour, in spite of the laudatory poems he dedicated to al-Ḥajjāj and members of his family; this was probably a result of the enmity of Jarīr, who had the ear of the governor.…

Tall al-ʿUbayd, ancient site that gave its name to a prehistoric cultural period, the Ubaid, in Mesopotamia; it is located near the ruins of ancient Ur in present-day southeastern Iraq. Excavations have uncovered Ubaidian remains throughout southern Mesopotamia. The hallmark of the period was a

Al-Ubayyiḍ, town, south-central Sudan. It lies on a sandy, scrub-covered plateau at an elevation of 1,869 feet (570 metres). Founded by the Egyptians in 1821, the town was captured and largely destroyed by the Mahdist forces in 1882, but it was rebuilt after Kordofan was federated with the

Ragnar Lothbrok: Inwaer (Ivar the Boneless), and Hubba (Ubbe)—who, according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle and other medieval sources, led a Viking invasion of East Anglia in 865. They may have sought to avenge Ragnar’s death, which may or may not have been murder, or they may have been claiming land to which…

W. Averell Harriman: …Harriman and helped establish the Union Banking Corporation (UBC), both of which were enmeshed with the financial interests of German industrialist Fritz Thyssen, who helped fund the rise of the Nazi Party. Despite the release of documents in the early 21st century that confirmed that UBC’s holdings were vested by…

John Sweeney: …March 2001 when the 500,000-member United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners (UBC), led by its president, Douglas J. McCarron, pulled out of the AFL-CIO. Sweeney won an uncontested reelection during the AFL-CIO convention in July 2005, but in the same week the federation lost three of its biggest unions when…

Ube, city, Yamaguchi ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan, on the Inland Sea. Coal was mined in the area in the late 17th century, but Ube remained a small village until undersea mining operations began in the Meiji period (1868–1912). It then developed into a large mining and industrial city,

jet engine: Medium-bypass turbofans, high-bypass turbofans, and ultrahigh-bypass engines: Moving up in the spectrum of flight speeds to the transonic regime—Mach numbers from 0.75 to 0.9—the most common engine configurations are turbofan engines, such as those shown in Figures 4 and 5. In a turbofan, only a part of the gas horsepower…

Úbeda, city, Jaén provincia (province), in the comunidad autónoma (autonomous community) of Andalusia, southern Spain. Úbeda lies northeast of the city of Jaén, on the Úbeda Hills in the Guadalimar Valley. Originally an Iberian settlement, the city was occupied by the Arabs in 711 ce and was

Death Valley: Death Valley National Park: …with volcanic craters such as Ubehebe Crater, 700 feet (215 metres) deep and 0.5 mile (0.8 km) wide. At Racetrack Playa, rocks as large as 700 pounds (320 kg) leave trails as they mysteriously slide across a flat area; they are probably blown by wind when precipitation creates a moist,…

Western sculpture: Central Europe: …long series of masters, including Johann Georg Übelherr and Joseph Anton Feuchtmayer, whose masterpieces are the Rococo figures at Birnau on Lake Constance. The sculptor Christian Wenzinger worked at Freiburg im Breisgau in relative isolation, but his softly modelled figures have a delicacy that recalls the paintings of François Boucher.

Uber, American company that provides services related to mobility. The business’s signature product is an application for smartphones that allows users to request transportation from drivers of privately owned vehicles. In addition to connecting passengers with drivers, Uber’s computer algorithm

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: First Weimar period (1776–86) of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: …Songs”), the second of which—“Über allen Gipfeln” (“Over All the Peaks”), written in 1780—is probably the best-known of all his poems.

Alexius Meinong: In his major work, Über Annahmen (1902; “On Assumptions”), Meinong discussed the assumptions men make in believing they know or do not know a particular truth. Like Brentano, Meinong considered intentionality, or the direction of attention to objects, to be the basic feature of mental states. Yet he drew…

Uber Cup, trophy representing the women’s world championship in the sport of badminton. The cup was contributed by Mrs. H.S. Uber, former English champion, in 1956 for a series of women’s international team competitions to be held every three

Franz Bopp: Bopp’s first important work, Über das Conjugationssystem der Sanskritsprache . . . (1816; “On the System of Conjugation in Sanskrit . . .”), foreshadowed his major achievement. In it he sought to trace the common origin of Sanskrit, Persian, Greek, Latin, and German, a task never before attempted. Concentrating…

Felix Weingartner, edler von Munzberg: His pamphlet on conducting, “Über das Dirigieren” (1895; “On Conducting”), is famous. He did much editing of the works of Hector Berlioz. His memoirs, Lebenserinnerungen (1923; “Reminiscences”), were translated into English as Buffets and Rewards (1937).

Christian Doppler: …but in 1842 he published Über das farbige Licht der Doppelsterne (“Concerning the Coloured Light of Double Stars”), which contained his first statement of the Doppler effect. He theorized that since the pitch of sound from a moving source varies for a stationary observer, the colour of the light from…

Hermann Ebbinghaus: …in Über das Gedächtnis (1885; Memory).

Orphism: …Geistige in der Kunst (1912; Concerning the Spiritual in Art).

Arthur Schopenhauer: Active maturity: Schopenhauer finished his treatise Über das Sehn und die Farben (1816; “On Vision and Colours”), supporting Goethe against Isaac Newton.

Edmund Husserl: Lecturer at Halle.: …theme of Husserl’s Habilitation thesis, Über den Begriff der Zahl: Psychologische Analysen (“On the Concept of Number: Psychological Analyses”), already showed Husserl in the transition from his mathematical research to a reflection upon the psychological source of the basic concepts of mathematics. These investigations were an earlier draft of his…

Johannes Müller: …Formen der krankhaften Geschwülste (On the Nature and Structural Characteristics of Cancer, and of Those Morbid Growths Which May Be Confounded with It) began to establish pathological histology as an independent branch of science. Müller also distinguished himself as a teacher. His students included the renowned physiologist and physicist…

Norbert Elias: …den Prozess der Zivilisation (1939; The Civilizing Process: The History of Manners).

location theory: …den Standort der Industrien (Theory of the Location of Industries, 1929). Weber’s theory, called the location triangle, sought the optimum location for the production of a good based on the fixed locations of the market and two raw material sources, which geographically form a triangle. He sought to determine…

Adolf Franz Friedrich, Freiherr von Knigge: …writer, best-known for his work Über den Umgang mit Menschen (1788; “On Social Intercourse with People”), a practical guide to happiness and success, written in a pleasant and easy style.

Arthur Schopenhauer: Scholarly retirement in Frankfurt: …Willen in der Natur (On the Will in Nature), which skillfully employed the queries and findings of the rapidly expanding natural sciences in support of his theory of the will. The preface for the first time openly expressed his devastating verdict on the “charlatan” Hegel and his clique. He…

Friedrich Gentz: Early life and career.: …as in the great essay Über die britische Finanzverwaltung (“On British Financial Administration”).

Moses Mendelssohn: Dohm’s Über die bürgerliche Verbesserung der Juden (1781; “On the Civil Improvement of the Jews”) pleaded for emancipation but, paradoxically, added that the state should uphold the synagogue’s right to excommunicate its members. To combat the resulting hostility to Dohm’s book, Mendelssohn denounced excommunication in his…

Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel: …a praise of marriage, and Über die bürgerliche Verbesserung der Weiber (1792; “On the Civic Betterment of Women”) attracted much attention with their emphasis on the emancipation of women. He also published two comedies in his youth; a number of legal, Masonic, and moral works; and hymns.

Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel: Hippel’s two essays Über die Ehe (1774; “On Marriage”), a praise of marriage, and Über die bürgerliche Verbesserung der Weiber (1792; “On the Civic Betterment of Women”) attracted much attention with their emphasis on the emancipation of women. He also published two comedies in his youth; a number…

Friedrich Karl Forberg: …best known for his essay Über die Entwicklung des Begriffs Religion (1798; “On the Development of the Concept of Religion”), a work that occasioned Fichte’s dismissal from the University of Jena on the charge of atheism after he had published a corroborative treatise. Forberg also wrote further apologetical works in…

Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi: …repulsive, he denounced it in Über die Lehre des Spinoza, in Briefen an den Herrn Moses Mendelssohn (1785; “On the Teachings of Spinoza, in Letters to Moses Mendelssohn”). With other Enlightenment thinkers, Mendelssohn attacked Jacobi’s notion of belief as obscurantist. Jacobi replied in David Hume über den Glauben, oder Idealismus…

Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling: Early life and career: …wrote his first philosophical work, Über die Möglichkeit einer Form der Philosophie überhaupt (1795; On the Possibility and Form of Philosophy in General), which he sent to Fichte, who expressed strong approval. It was followed by Vom Ich als Prinzip der Philosophie (Of the Ego as Principle of Philosophy). One…

Georg Christoph Lichtenberg: …called forth a powerful satire, Über die Pronunciation der Schöpse des alten Griechenlandes (1782; “On the Pronunciation of the Muttonheads of Old Greece”). In 1769 and again in 1774 he resided for some time in England, and his Briefe aus England (1776–78; “Letters from England”) are the most attractive of…

Christianity: Apologetics: defending the faith: …into emergent Romanticism in his On Religion: Speeches to Its Cultured Despisers (1799). Refusing to identify religion with metaphysics or morals, Schleiermacher located its essence in intuition (Anschauung) and feeling (Gefühl), the “sense and taste for the infinite” (Sinn und Geschmack fürs Unendliche). The founder of Christianity, Schleiermacher noted in…

Friedrich von Schlegel: …Paris he studied Sanskrit, publishing Über die Sprache und Weisheit der Indier (1808), the first attempt at comparative Indo-Germanic linguistics and the starting point of the study of Indian languages and comparative philology. In 1808 he and his wife became Roman Catholics, and he united his concept of Romanticism with…

Richard Dedekind: …the idea of number—Dedekind published Über die Theorie der ganzen algebraischen Zahlen (1879; “On the Theory of Algebraic Whole Numbers”). There he proposed the “ideal” as a collection of numbers that may be separated out of a larger collection, composed of algebraic integers that satisfy polynomial equations with ordinary integers…

August Wilhelm von Schlegel: …dramatische Kunst und Literatur (1809–11; Lectures on Dramatic Art and Literature), attack French Neoclassical theatre, praise Shakespeare, and exalt Romantic drama. These lectures were translated into many languages and helped spread fundamental Romantic ideas throughout Europe.

Wilhelm Heinse: In a critical work, Über einige Gemälde der Düsseldorfer Galerie (1776–77; “On Several Paintings in the Düsseldorf Gallery”), he stresses the dependence of artistic production on historical and national circumstances and expresses particular appreciation of Peter Paul Rubens.

Karl Ernst von Baer: …books in embryology is Baer’s Über Entwickelungsgeschichte der Thiere (vol. 1, 1828; vol. 2, 1837; “On the Development of Animals”), in which he surveyed all existing knowledge on vertebrate development and from which he derived his far-reaching conclusions. He identified the neural folds as precursors of the nervous system, discovered…

Karl Bühler: His seminal paper, “Über Gedanken” (1907; “On Thoughts”), was a major contribution to the Würzburg school of imageless thought; it demonstrated that the mind is capable of purely abstract thinking and does not need to use images or past observations to conceive of an idea. Bühler made his…

epistemology: Mental and nonmental conceptions of knowledge: … (1889–1951), for example, said in On Certainty, published posthumously in 1969, that “ ‘Knowledge’ and certainty belong to different categories. They are not two mental states like, say, surmising and being sure.” Philosophers who deny that knowledge is a mental state typically point out that it is characteristic of mental…

existentialism: Emergence as a movement: …one of his celebrated works, Über Ideenflucht (1933; “On the Flight of Ideas”), inspired by Heidegger’s thought, viewed the origin of mental illness as a failure in the existential possibilities that constitute human existence (Dasein). From Jaspers and Binswanger, the existentialist current became diffused and variously stated in contemporary psychiatry.

education: The Rousseauists: …collected in a short work, Über Pädagogik (1803; “On Pedagogy”). In it he asserted, “A man can only become a man through education. He is nothing more than what education makes him.” Education should discipline man and make him cultured and moral; its aim is ultimately the creation of a…

Ludwig Feuerbach: … (1838) were followed by Über Philosophie und Christentum (1839; “On Philosophy and Christianity”), in which he claimed “that Christianity has in fact long vanished not only from the reason but from the life of mankind, that it is nothing more than a fixed idea.”

Uber, American company that provides services related to mobility. The business’s signature product is an application for smartphones that allows users to request transportation from drivers of privately owned vehicles. In addition to connecting passengers with drivers, Uber’s computer algorithm

Eduard Adolf Strasburger: …principles of mitosis in his Über Zellbildung und Zelltheilung (1876; “On Cell Formation and Cell Division”), and in each succeeding edition he clarified and modified the description of the process until in the third edition (1880) he enunciated one of the modern laws of plant cytology: that new nuclei can…

Uberaba, city, western Minas Gerais estado (state), southern Brazil. It is located in the Brazilian Highlands at 2,575 feet (785 metres) above sea level, on the Uberaba River. Uberaba was given city status in 1856. It is the trade centre of an important agricultural area, yielding cattle (the

Immanuel Kant: Last years of Immanuel Kant: …postumum, its original title was Übergang von den metaphysische Anfangsgründe der Naturwissenschaft zur Physik (“Transition from the Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science to Physics”). It may have been Kant’s intention in this work to carry further the argument advanced in the Metaphysische Anfangsgründe der Naturwissenschaft (1786; Metaphysical Foundations of Natural…

Uberlândia, city, western Minas Gerais estado (state), southern Brazil. It lies in the Brazilian Highlands along the Bom Jardim River, which is a tributary of the Araguari River (also known as the Velhas River), at 2,802 feet (854 metres) above sea level. It was given city status in 1892.

theatre: The influence of Appia and Craig: …concept that he called the Übermarionette (“Superpuppet”). Craig’s intention is not fully clear—whether he envisioned mechanical figures that would defy the physical restrictions of the human body or, as seems more likely, puppets that would be controlled from inside by human beings, children, or dwarfs. Nevertheless, he joined a growing…

superman, in philosophy, the superior man, who justifies the existence of the human race. “Superman” is a term significantly used by Friedrich Nietzsche, particularly in Also sprach Zarathustra (1883–85), although it had been employed by J.W. von Goethe and others. This superior man would not be a

Farinata degli Uberti was a Florentine nobleman who became the leader of the Florentine Ghibellines, the proimperial party. According to Dante (Inferno, canto X), Uberti alone dissuaded the members of the Ghibelline coalition from razing the city of Florence, which they had just captured. Uberti

Abundance and Unemployment: Our Future: …will be the creation of Universal Basic Income (UBI) programs by governments around the world, programs in which everyone earns an income independent of their profession and employment. Once we no longer have to worry about earning funds to meet our basic needs, it will allow us all to be…

encyclical: …commonly called an encyclical was Ubi primum, dealing with episcopal duties, published by Benedict XIV in 1740. Only from the time of Pius IX (1846–78) have encyclicals been frequently used. Encyclicals are normally addressed to the bishops of the church, but a few (notably Pacem in terris by John XXIII)…

ubi sunt, a verse form in which the poem or its stanzas begin with the Latin words ubi sunt (“where are …”) or their equivalent in another language and which has as a principal theme the transitory nature of all things. A well-known example is François Villon’s “Ballade des dames du temps jadis”

African dance: Rhythm: In the Ubi-Ogazu dance, a version of the popular Atilogwu performed by a boys’ team, the adult leader dances while playing a small flute to lead the rhythm. He is supported by a single-membrane drum, a pot drum, two simple xylophones, and a bamboo gong. The dance…

Jorge Ubico was a soldier and dictator who ruled Guatemala for 13 years (1931–44). Ubico received a commission in the Guatemalan army in 1897, distinguished himself in several campaigns, and rose to the rank of colonel. In 1907 he was appointed governor of Alta Verapaz and in 1911 governor of

Jorge Ubico was a soldier and dictator who ruled Guatemala for 13 years (1931–44). Ubico received a commission in the Guatemalan army in 1897, distinguished himself in several campaigns, and rose to the rank of colonel. In 1907 he was appointed governor of Alta Verapaz and in 1911 governor of

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Causes of ALS: UBQLN2 encodes a protein called ubiquilin 2, which plays an important role in recycling damaged proteins from neurons in the spinal cord and neurons in the cortex and hippocampus of the brain. Similar to mutations in FUS/TLS and TDP43, mutations in UBQLN2 result in the accumulation of proteins in neurons.…

ubiquinone, any of several members of a series of organic compounds belonging to a class called quinones. Widely distributed in plants, animals, and many types of bacteria, ubiquinones function in conjunction with enzymes in cellular respiration (i.e., oxidation-reduction processes). The naturally

Aaron J. Ciechanover: …first step a molecule called ubiquitin (from the Latin ubique, meaning “everywhere,” because it occurs in so many different cells and organisms) attaches to a protein targeted for destruction and accompanies it to a proteasome—essentially a sac of powerful enzymes that break the protein into its component amino acids. The…

computer: Ubiquitous computing: The combination of the connectedness of the Internet with the ability of new microprocessors that can handle multiple tasks in parallel has inspired new ways of programming. Programmers are developing software to divide computational tasks into subtasks that a program can assign to…

Ubon Ratchathani, town, eastern Thailand, on the Khorat Plateau. It lies near the confluence of the Mun and Chi Rivers and is a major trading centre for rice, cattle, and tobacco. A road leads east to Pakxe (Laos) on the Mekong River. The area in which Ubon Ratchathani is situated produces rice,

The Bahamas: Independence of the The Bahamas: …party of their own, the United Bahamian Party (UBP), controlled by British-descended politicians. As the political battle progressed, the PLP raised the cry for majority rule. The climax came after the general elections of 1967, when the PLP, under the leadership of Lynden Pindling, was able to form a government…

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Causes of ALS: …in a gene known as UBQLN2, which shed light on the pathological process underlying neuronal degeneration in ALS patients. UBQLN2 encodes a protein called ubiquilin 2, which plays an important role in recycling damaged proteins from neurons in the spinal cord and neurons in the cortex and hippocampus of the…

UBS AG, major bank formed in 1998 by the merger of two of Switzerland’s largest banks, the Swiss Bank Corporation and the Union Bank of Switzerland. Although it is derived from “Union Bank of Switzerland,” the name UBS is not an acronym. The bank is headquartered in Zürich and Basel, Switzerland.

UBS AG, major bank formed in 1998 by the merger of two of Switzerland’s largest banks, the Swiss Bank Corporation and the Union Bank of Switzerland. Although it is derived from “Union Bank of Switzerland,” the name UBS is not an acronym. The bank is headquartered in Zürich and Basel, Switzerland.

UBS AG, major bank formed in 1998 by the merger of two of Switzerland’s largest banks, the Swiss Bank Corporation and the Union Bank of Switzerland. Although it is derived from “Union Bank of Switzerland,” the name UBS is not an acronym. The bank is headquartered in Zürich and Basel, Switzerland.

Ubu roi, play by Alfred Jarry, published and produced in 1896. The play was translated into English and published under a variety of titles. This grotesque farce about the monstrous Ubu, originally written as a parody of one of Jarry’s teachers, swiftly turned into a satire of the French middle

UBV system, system of classifying stars by spectral type, based on photometric measurements of the ultraviolet (U), blue (B), and visual (V [yellow]) magnitudes. These magnitudes are measured through filters sensitive to light at wavelengths of 360, 420, and 540 nanometres, respectively. This

Caucasian languages: Abkhazo-Adyghian languages: Adyghian, Kabardian, and Ubykh languages. Adyghians and Kabardians are often considered members of a larger, Circassian group. Abkhaz, with about 90,000 speakers, is spoken in Abkhazia (the southern slopes of the western Greater Caucasus, Georgia). The other languages are spread over the northern slopes of the western Greater…

Ottoman Empire: Changing status of the Ottoman rulers: …leaders to border princes (uc beys) and ghazi leaders under Seljuq and then II-Khanid suzerainty in the 13th and early 14th centuries. With the capture of Bursa, Orhan had been able to declare himself independent of his suzerains and assume the title of bey, which was retained by his…

fiddler crab, any of the approximately 65 species of the genus Uca (order Decapoda of the subphylum Crustacea). They are named “fiddler” because the male holds one claw, always much larger than the other, somewhat like a violin. Both claws in the female are relatively small. In males, claws can be

fiddler crab: pugilator), and the red-jointed fiddler (U. minax). These species, which range in body size from about 2.5 to 3 cm (1 to 1.2 inches), occur all along the Atlantic coast of the United States. The males of all species are more brightly coloured than the females. Colours range…

fiddler crab: …fiddler crab (Uca pugnax), the china-back fiddler (U. pugilator), and the red-jointed fiddler (U. minax). These species, which range in body size from about 2.5 to 3 cm (1 to 1.2 inches), occur all along the Atlantic coast of the United States. The males of all species are more brightly…

fiddler crab: …North American species include the marsh fiddler crab (Uca pugnax), the china-back fiddler (U. pugilator), and the red-jointed fiddler (U. minax). These species, which range in body size from about 2.5 to 3 cm (1 to 1.2 inches), occur all along the Atlantic coast of the United States. The males…

Ucayali River, headwater of the Amazon, formed by the junction of the Apurímac and Urubamba rivers in east-central Peru. The Ucayali meanders northward from this junction for about 910 miles (1,465 km) through a densely forested floodplain east of the Andes to its junction with the Marañón River,

contract: Offer and acceptance: (On the other hand, the Uniform Commercial Code, which has been adopted everywhere in the United States, provides that a firm offer made by a merchant is irrevocable even though the other party has given no consideration.) The common law is not entirely insensitive to the offeree’s predicament. The rule…

Universal Copyright Convention, (1952), convention adopted at Geneva by an international conference convened under the auspices of UNESCO, which for several years had been consulting with copyright experts from various countries. The convention came into force in 1955. Its main features are the

Paolo Uccello was a Florentine painter whose work attempted uniquely to reconcile two distinct artistic styles—the essentially decorative late Gothic and the new heroic style of the early Renaissance. Probably his most famous paintings are three panels representing the Battle of San Romano (c.

Gāṇapatya: …largest of which is the Ucchi-piḷḷaiyar Kovil, a rock-cut temple near Tiruchchirāppalli in Tamil Nadu state.

Treaty of Wichale, (May 2, 1889), pact signed at Wichale, Ethiopia, by the Italians and Menilek II of Ethiopia, whereby Italy was granted the northern Ethiopian territories of Bogos, Hamasen, and Akale-Guzai (modern Eritrea and northern Tigray) in exchange for a sum of money and the provision of

Argentina: Political process: …of dissident Peronists; and the Union of the Democratic Centre (Unión del Centro Democrático; UCD, or UCéDé), a traditional liberal party. The PJ has controlled the government most of the time since civilian rule was restored in the early 1980s, notably under President Carlos Menem in the 1990s. Frepaso was…

Spain: National parties: …Centre (Unión de Centro Democrático; UCD), and the major opposition party was the Spanish Socialist Workers’ Party (Partido Socialista Obrero Español; PSOE). The only other national parties of importance were the right-wing Popular Alliance (Alianza Popular; AP) and the Spanish Communist Party (Partido Comunista de España; PCE).

Argentina: Political process: …of dissident Peronists; and the Union of the Democratic Centre (Unión del Centro Democrático; UCD, or UCéDé), a traditional liberal party. The PJ has controlled the government most of the time since civilian rule was restored in the early 1980s, notably under President Carlos Menem in the 1990s. Frepaso was…

hospital: Regional planning: …rural areas, general hospitals, called uchastok hospitals, served populations as small as 2,000 to 15,000 persons. The next-larger hospitals, the district hospitals, had 250–500 beds and usually had divisions for surgical, medical, obstetric, and pediatric services and provided care for infectious diseases. Patients who could not be treated adequately in…

Lee Berger: …in 2006, Berger explored the Ucheliungs Cave in Palau and discovered the bones of a group of small-bodied humans. In his controversial follow-up research, he suggested that many of the skeletal characteristics of the remains were too primitive to occur in genus Homo, whereas other scientists claimed that the remains…

Uchida Shungicu is a Japanese singer, dancer, author, and cartoonist known for her titillating manga (Japanese cartoons), which used subversive themes and flouted social propriety to keep her audience engaged. Shungicu’s father deserted the family when she and a younger sister were in primary

Uchida Shungicu is a Japanese singer, dancer, author, and cartoonist known for her titillating manga (Japanese cartoons), which used subversive themes and flouted social propriety to keep her audience engaged. Shungicu’s father deserted the family when she and a younger sister were in primary

Uchida Shungicu is a Japanese singer, dancer, author, and cartoonist known for her titillating manga (Japanese cartoons), which used subversive themes and flouted social propriety to keep her audience engaged. Shungicu’s father deserted the family when she and a younger sister were in primary