whole genome sequencing: Sequencing methods: from genes to genomes: …using instead an approach called whole genome shotgun sequencing. This approach avoided the time and expense needed to create physical maps and provided more-rapid access to the DNA sequence.

meat processing: Hogs: In whole hog sausage production all the skeletal meat is trimmed off the carcass, and therefore the carcass is routinely skinned following exsanguination.

life insurance: Whole life insurance, which runs for the whole of the insured’s life, is established with a fixed premium and a fixed payout amount. Most whole life contracts also accumulate a cash value that is paid when the contract matures or is surrendered; the cash value…

Jerry Lee Lewis: …on Sun Records with “Whole Lotta Shakin’ Goin’ On,” “Great Balls of Fire,” and “Breathless,” all Top Ten hits in 1957 and 1958. His rhythmically assured and versatile “pumping” piano style (the left hand maintaining a driving boogie pattern while the right added flashy ornamentation) was influenced by church…

Wilco: …first album for the label, The Whole Love (2011), opened with an adventurous seven-minute sound collage, “Art of Almost,” and closed with a 12-minute meditation, “One Sunday Morning (Song for Jane Smiley’s Boyfriend).” In between were more concise examples of Tweedy’s songwriting range, from Beatles-inspired chamber pop to autumnal folk,…

Reynolds Price: …up in North Carolina, and A Whole New Life (1994), which recounts his illness.

Tim Rice: …Alan Menken; their song “A Whole New World” won an Academy Award as well as two Grammys. Rice had continued success with The Lion King (1994), collaborating with singer-songwriter Elton John on various songs, notably the Oscar-winning “Can You Feel the Love Tonight.” The two men also worked on…

Matthew Perry: Other credits: The Whole Nine Yards and The West Wing: More successful was The Whole Nine Yards (2000), a popular comedy in which he played a dentist whose new neighbor (Bruce Willis) is a gangster. He reprised the role in the 2004 sequel, The Whole Ten Yards.

Matthew Perry: Other credits: The Whole Nine Yards and The West Wing: …role in the 2004 sequel, The Whole Ten Yards.

Edward G. Robinson: The Whole Town’s Talking (1935), in which he played the dual roles of a timid bank clerk and a ruthless hoodlum, showed Robinson capable of fine understated comedy, whereas in Bullets or Ballots (1936) he at last got to play somebody on the right side…

Keanu Reeves: Reeves’s later films included The Whole Truth (2016), To the Bone (2017), Destination Wedding (2018), and Always Be My Maybe (2019). In 2020 he returned to his first movie franchise, starring in the well-received Bill & Ted Face the Music. Reeves turned to another iconic series when he reprised…

Vincent D’Onofrio: …pulp magazine Weird Tales in The Whole Wide World (1996). He had a particularly memorable turn as an alien-occupied yokel in the cult classic Men in Black (1997).

Samuel A. Alito, Jr.: …to obtain an abortion (Whole Woman’s Health v. Hellerstedt [2016]).

Germaine Greer: In 1999 she published The Whole Woman, in which she criticized many of the supposed gains of the women’s movement as being handed down by the male establishment. Her revisionist biography of Anne Hathaway, Shakespeare’s Wife (2007), casts doubt on earlier portrayals of Hathaway as being little more than…

phonics: …challenged by proponents of “whole-language” instruction, a process in which children are introduced to whole words at a time, are taught using real literature rather than reading exercises, and are encouraged to keep journals in which “creative” spelling is permitted. A strong backlash against whole-language teaching polarized these two…

whole-tone scale, in music, a scalar arrangement of pitches, each separated from the next by a whole-tone step (or whole step), in contradistinction to the chromatic scale, which consists of half steps (or semitones), and the various diatonic scales, such as major scales and most minor scales,

baking: Whole wheat bread: Whole wheat bread, using a meal made substantially from the entire wheat kernel instead of flour, is a dense, rather tough, dark product. Breads sold as wheat or part-whole-wheat products contain a mixture of whole grain meal with sufficient white flour to…

flour: …wheat flours generally available includes whole wheat, or graham, flour, made from the entire wheat kernel and often unbleached; gluten flour, a starch-free, high-protein, whole wheat flour; all-purpose flour, refined (separated from bran and germ), bleached or unbleached, and suitable for any recipe not requiring a special flour; cake flour,…

quilting: Early quilts: …may be two large 14th-century wholecloth (i.e., entire, not pieced) Sicilian pieces whose whitework surfaces are heavily embellished with trapunto, also known as corded or stuffed quilting. One quilt is in the collection of the Victoria and Albert Museum in London, the other in the Bargello Museum in Florence. Both…

marketing: Off-price retailers: Warehouse (or wholesale) clubs operate out of enormous, low-cost facilities and charge patrons an annual membership fee. They sell a limited selection of brand-name grocery items, appliances, clothing, and miscellaneous items at a deep discount. These warehouse stores, such as Walmart-owned Sam’s Club and Costco…

wholesale price index, measure of changes in the prices charged by manufacturers and wholesalers. Wholesale price indexes measure the changes in commodity prices at a selected stage or stages before goods reach the retail level; the prices may be those charged by manufacturers to wholesalers or by

wholesaling, the selling of merchandise to anyone other than a retail customer. The merchandise may be sold to a retailer, a wholesaler, or to an enterprise that will use it for business, rather than individual, purposes. Wholesaling usually, but not necessarily, involves sales in quantity and at a

Lethbridge: A replica of Fort Whoop-Up (1860), once notorious for its whisky trade with the Indians, stands in Indian Battle Park on the Oldman River. The park marks the site of the last great encounter (1870) between the Cree and the Blackfoot Indians prior to a peace treaty (1871).…

whooping cough, acute highly communicable respiratory disease characterized in its typical form by paroxysms of coughing followed by a long-drawn inspiration, or “whoop.” The coughing ends with the expulsion of clear, sticky mucus and often with vomiting. Whooping cough is caused by the bacterium

infectious disease: Pertussis vaccine: The number of cases of pertussis (whooping cough), a serious disease that is frequently fatal in infancy, can be dramatically reduced by the use of the pertussis vaccine. The pertussis immunizing agent is included in the DPT vaccine. Active immunity can be induced…

whooping crane, (Grus americana), tallest American bird and one of the world’s rarest. At the beginning of the 21st century fewer than 300 whooping cranes remained in the wild. Most are part of a flock that migrates between Texas and Canada. Almost all the rest are part of a mainly nonmigrating

Burger King Corporation: A large hamburger called the Whopper is Burger King’s signature product. The Whopper was introduced in 1957, at a time when its competitor McDonald’s was still selling only small hamburgers. The chain took a new direction by adding hot dogs to the menu in 2016.

Ken Russell: … (1980), Crimes of Passion (1984), Whore (1991), and the musical horror-comedy The Fall of the Louse of Usher (2002).

whore of Babylon, in Christianity, a portentous figure described in the apocalyptic Revelation to John. She is seen as analogous to the pagan nations and governments considered in direct opposition to the Christian faith, particularly the imperial city of Rome. The whore of Babylon is disclosed to

Benjamin Lee Whorf was a U.S. linguist noted for his hypotheses regarding the relation of language to thinking and cognition and for his studies of Hebrew and Hebrew ideas, of Mexican and Mayan languages and dialects, and of the Hopi language. Under the influence of Edward Sapir, at Yale

North American Indian languages: Language and culture: …now often known as the Whorfian (or Sapir-Whorf) hypothesis. Whorf’s initial arguments focused on the striking differences between English and Native American ways of saying “the same thing.” From such linguistic differences, Whorf inferred underlying differences in habits of thought and tried to show how these thought patterns are reflected…

gastropod: The shell: Generally, the coils, or whorls, added later in life are larger than those added when the snail is young. At the end of the last whorl is the aperture, or opening. The shell is secreted along the outer lip of the aperture by the fleshy part of the animal…

angiosperm: Leaves: A plant has whorled leaves when there are three or more equally spaced leaves at a node.

Samuel Beckett: Production of the major works: …slim volumes of poetry were Whoroscope (1930), a poem on the French philosopher René Descartes, and the collection Echo’s Bones (1935). A number of short stories and poems were scattered in various periodicals. He wrote the novel Dream of Fair to Middling Women in the mid-1930s, but it remained incomplete…

bilberry, (Vaccinium myrtillus), low-growing deciduous shrub belonging to the heath family (Ericaceae). It is found in woods and on heaths, chiefly in hilly districts of Great Britain, northern Europe, and Asia. The fruits are a principal food of the grouse and are used for tarts and preserves. The

Lord Peter Wimsey: Sayers in Whose Body? (1923).

Alasdair MacIntyre: After Virtue and later works: MacIntyre argued in Whose Justice? Which Rationality? (1988) and Three Rival Versions of Moral Enquiry (1990) that justification of such large-scale viewpoints must proceed historically: in order to assess the rationality of adherence to large-scale viewpoints—MacIntyre called them “traditions”—one must look to the history of their development. Traditions…

Richard Dreyfuss: …Fix (1978), The Competition (1980), Whose Life Is It Anyway? (1981), and The Buddy System (1983), but his career had declined, and he suffered from a well-publicized problem with drug addiction. He made a strong comeback costarring with Bette Midler and Nick Nolte in the Paul Mazursky comedy Down and…

The Earth’s magnificent tropical rainforests represent a treasure trove of biological heritage. They not only retain many primitive plant and animal species with incredible and ancient evolutionary lineages but are also communities that exhibit unparalleled biodiversity and a great variety of

American literature: New fictional modes: …An American Dream (1965) and Why Are We in Vietnam? (1967). As with many of the postmodern novelists, his subject was the nature of power, personal as well as political. However, it was only when he turned to “nonfiction fiction” or “fiction as history” in The Armies of the Night…

Colleen Moore: … (1927), Synthetic Sin (1929), and Why Be Good? (1929).

Jeanette Winterson: …Places (1998); the vivid memoir Why Be Happy When You Could Be Normal? (2011); and several children’s books and screenplays for television. She was named an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 2006.

Maxine Kumin: The short-story collection Why Can’t We Live Together Like Civilized Human Beings? (1982) further explores issues of loss and relationships between men and women. Kumin again demonstrated her ability to buck genre constraints in her 1999 animal-rights mystery Quit Monks or Die!

John Skelton: …1521), Collyn Clout (1522), and Why come ye nat to courte (1522), were all directed against the mounting power of Cardinal Thomas Wolsey, both in church and in state, and the dangers—as Skelton saw them—of the new learning of the Humanists. Wolsey proved too strong an opponent to attack further,…

Janet Jackson: …Married? (2007) and its sequel, Why Did I Get Married Too? (2010), both written and directed by Tyler Perry. She also appeared in For Colored Girls (2010), Perry’s adaptation of Ntozake Shange’s 1975 theatre piece For Colored Girls Who Have Considered Suicide/When the Rainbow Is Enuf. Her life and career…

Tyler Perry: …2007 adaptation of his play Why Did I Get Married? (2004), an exploration of modern relationships, allowed Perry to move beyond the Madea character on-screen. He additionally began writing and directing films that were not based on previous work, such as Daddy’s Little Girls (2007) and The Family That Preys…

It’s breathtaking. It’s a digital masterpiece. Why do its hands look like that? In July 2022 OpenAI, an artificial intelligence (AI) company, introduced DALL-E 2, one of the first AI image generators widely available to the public. Users could type in a prompt—anything from “Beyoncé eating pizza”

Risks and rewards to consider.Emerging market (EM) shares could give your portfolio a long-term tailwind, providing exposure to companies in fast-growing countries with developing economies. But for every emerging market success story like South Korea, there’s a Venezuela or a Russia that struggles

John F. Kennedy: Early life: …thesis into a best-selling book, Why England Slept (1940).

Why I Live at the P.O., short story by Eudora Welty, first published in the Atlantic Monthly in 1941 and collected in A Curtain of Green (1941). This comic monologue by Sister, a young woman in a small Mississippi town who has set up housekeeping in the post office to escape from her eccentric

Here’s how to read a pay stub.You have a new job—congrats! Even better, it’s payday! But, wait. You were supposed to earn $1,000 this pay period and not all of that money is in your bank account. What happened? Let’s go through your pay stub to learn how to read it. Employers use different software

Saul Bass: His Why Man Creates (1968) won the Academy Award for best short-subject documentary.

Roy Del Ruth: Later work: His final film was Why Must I Die? (1960), an account of Barbara Graham, a party girl convicted and executed for murder; it was an alternate treatment to director Robert Wise’s I Want to Live! (1958).

Christopher Hitchens: Hitchens’s later works include Why Orwell Matters (2002), Thomas Jefferson: Author of America (2005), and Thomas Paine’s Rights of Man: A Biography (2006). With God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything (2007) Hitchens issued a rallying cry to the atheist movement; he dubbed the quartet formed by him…

Michael Fried: … (1987), Art and Objecthood (1998), Why Photography Matters as Art as Never Before (2008), After Caravaggio (2016), and What Was Literary Impressionism? (2018).

The road to “just right.”No one likes paying more for something than they did last month or last year. Still, a little inflation is arguably essential for a healthy economy. The time to worry is when inflation goes “hyper”—or when it reverses and prices fall. When inflation is relatively stable

The question “Why wasn’t Auschwitz bombed?” is not only historical. It is also a moral question emblematic of the Allied response to the plight of the Jews during the Holocaust. Moreover, it is a question that has been posed to a series of presidents of the United States. In their first meeting in

Anatole Litvak: The Hollywood years: …with Frank Capra on the Why We Fight series of documentaries, codirecting (uncredited) Prelude to War (1942), The Nazis Strike (1943), Divide and Conquer (1943), The Battle of Russia (1943), The Battle of China (1944), and War Comes to America (1945).

Wage disparity is persistent and costly.The gender wage gap continues to be a subject of study—mainly because it still exists even after women have made decades of progress in education and the workforce. So, why does the disparity in pay between men and women still exist? Key Points Why Does the

Whyalla, city and port, southern South Australia, on the east coast of Eyre Peninsula opposite Port Pirie and northwest of Adelaide. It was created in 1901 by the Broken Hill Proprietary Company Ltd. (BHP) as the Spencer Gulf terminus of a tramway bringing iron ore from the Middleback Ranges for

Ouidah, town in southern Benin, western Africa. It lies along the Gulf of Guinea. The town was the main port of the Kingdom of Abomey in the 18th and 19th centuries. Portuguese, French, Dutch, Danish, British, and Americans all vied for a share of the slave and palm-oil trade made available through

whydah, any of several African birds that have long dark tails suggesting a funeral veil. They belong to two subfamilies, Viduinae and Ploceinae, of the family Ploceidae (order Passeriformes). The name is associated with Whydah (Ouidah), a town in Benin where the birds are common. In the Viduinae,

Canadian literature: Poetry and poetics: …while George Elliott Clarke’s collage Whylah Falls (1990) uncovers the life of Canadian blacks in a 1930s Nova Scotia village. In mapping arrivals and departures through an increasing diversity of voices and selves, celebrating and mourning differences, and protesting coercion, constraint, and smugness in a bountiful array of forms from…

Edward Whymper was an English mountaineer and artist who was associated with the exploration of the Alps and was the first man to climb the Matterhorn (14,692 feet [4,478 metres]). Privately educated, Whymper entered his father’s wood engraving business and ultimately succeeded as head of it. He

wendigo, a mythological cannibalistic monster in the spiritual tradition of North American Algonquian-speaking tribes. It is associated with winter and described as either a fearsome beast that stalks and eats humans or as a spirit that possesses humans, causing them to turn into cannibals. There

wendigo, a mythological cannibalistic monster in the spiritual tradition of North American Algonquian-speaking tribes. It is associated with winter and described as either a fearsome beast that stalks and eats humans or as a spirit that possesses humans, causing them to turn into cannibals. There

Wi-Fi, networking technology that uses radio waves to allow high-speed data transfer over short distances. Wi-Fi technology has its origins in a 1985 ruling by the U.S. Federal Communications Commission that released the bands of the radio spectrum at 900 megahertz (MHz), 2.4 gigahertz (GHz), and

Wi-Fi: …Compatibility Alliance (WECA, now the Wi-Fi Alliance), a global nonprofit organization created to promote the new wireless standard. WECA named the new technology Wi-Fi. (Wi-Fi is not an abbreviation for “wireless fidelity”; the name was created by a marketing firm hired by WECA and chosen for its pleasing sound and…

Wi-Fi: A version of Wi-Fi called Wi-Fi Direct allows connectivity between devices without a LAN.

Biak Island, largest of the Schouten Islands and part of the Indonesian province of Papua, which spans the greater portion of western New Guinea. The island is 45 miles (72 km) long and 23 miles (37 km) wide and occupies an area of 948 square miles (2,455 square km) at the entrance to Cenderawasih

Groundhog Day: …best known being those portraying Wiarton Willie, a white-furred, pink-eyed creature that has appeared on the Bruce Peninsula, northwest of Toronto, since 1956.

bowling: Organization and tournaments: The Women’s International Bowling Congress (WIBC) was organized in 1916 and conducted annual national championships from 1917. While the ABC and WIBC are autonomous organizations, each billing itself as the “world’s largest” men’s or women’s sports organization, respectively, they share a number of functions, including equipment…

Anja Pärson: …him, as well as to Pernilla Wiberg, whose nine Olympic and world championship medals in the 1990s had made her Sweden’s most successful woman skier. By 2007, however, Pärson had surpassed Wiberg by amassing a combined 16 medals in the Olympics and the world championships.

Clement (III) was an antipope from 1080 to 1100. Of noble birth, Guibert served at the German court (c. 1054–55) and became imperial chancellor for Italy (1058–63). As such he supported the election of Bishop Peter Cadalus of Parma as antipope Honorius II (1061). His appointment by Henry IV of

Clement (III) was an antipope from 1080 to 1100. Of noble birth, Guibert served at the German court (c. 1054–55) and became imperial chancellor for Italy (1058–63). As such he supported the election of Bishop Peter Cadalus of Parma as antipope Honorius II (1061). His appointment by Henry IV of

Gerald Murphy and Sara Murphy: Sara Wiborg, from a well-to-do Cincinnati family, attended private schools in Europe and the United States and married Gerald on December 30, 1915. In 1921 they moved to Europe, taking a flat in Paris and three years later settling also into Villa America, their home…

Wicca, the largest of the modern Pagan, or Neo-Pagan, religions. Its followers, who are called Wiccans, typically identify as witches and draw inspiration largely from the pre-Christian religions of Europe. Influenced by earlier forms of Western esotericism, Wicca publicly emerged in England during

Wicca: Beliefs and practices: Most Wiccans accept the so-called Wiccan Rede, an ethical code that states, “If it harm none, do what you will,” and they reject cursing as unethical. After a coven ritual is completed, a meal will often be shared.

Treaty of Wichale, (May 2, 1889), pact signed at Wichale, Ethiopia, by the Italians and Menilek II of Ethiopia, whereby Italy was granted the northern Ethiopian territories of Bogos, Hamasen, and Akale-Guzai (modern Eritrea and northern Tigray) in exchange for a sum of money and the provision of

Christianity: Church and society: Johann Hinrich Wichern proclaimed, “There is a Christian Socialism,” at the Kirchentag Church Convention in Wittenberg [Germany] in 1848, the year of the publication of the Communist Manifesto and a wave of revolutions across Europe, and created the “Inner Mission” in order to address “works…

submarine: World War II: …to a Dutch officer, Lieutenant Jan J. Wichers, who in 1933 advanced the idea of a breathing tube to supply fresh air to a submarine’s diesel engines while it was running submerged. The Netherlands Navy began using snorkels in 1936, and some fell into German hands in 1940. With the…

Wichí, South American Indians of the Gran Chaco, who speak an independent language and live mostly between the Bermejo and Pilcomayo rivers in northeastern Argentina. Some live in Bolivia. The Wichí are the largest and most economically important group of the Chaco Indians. They combine limited

Czechoslovak history: Moravia: …headed by a Frankish cleric, Wiching, bishop of Nitra (in Slovakia), strengthened their position in Moravia. During Methodius’s lifetime the Slavic clergy had the upper hand; after his death in 884, though, Wiching banned Methodius’s disciples from Moravia, and most of them moved to Bulgaria. Furthermore, Pope Stephen V reversed…

Wichita, city, seat (1870) of Sedgwick county, south-central Kansas, U.S. It lies on the Arkansas River near the mouth of the Little Arkansas, about 140 miles (225 km) southwest of Topeka. The city site is a gently rolling plain at an elevation of about 1,300 feet (400 metres). Summers are hot and

Wichita, North American Indian people of Caddoan linguistic stock who originally lived near the Arkansas River in what is now the state of Kansas. They were encountered by the Spanish in the mid-16th century and became the first group of Plains Indians subject to missionization. Like most Caddoans,

Wichita Falls, city, seat (1882) of Wichita county, northern Texas, U.S. The city is located on the Wichita River in the Red River Valley, 115 miles (185 km) northwest of Fort Worth. Founded in 1876, it was named for the Wichita Indians and the low-water river falls that existed there until 1886,

Glen Campbell: …from that time are “Wichita Lineman” and “Galveston.” From 1969 to 1972 Campbell hosted a Sunday-evening television variety show, The Glen Campbell Goodtime Hour, on CBS. He welcomed to his stage famous personalities such as Ray Charles, Cher, Neil Diamond, Lily Tomlin, Three Dog

Wichita orogeny, a period of block faulting in the southern part of the Wichita–Arbuckle System in western Oklahoma and northern Texas. The uplift is dated from the Late Carboniferous epoch (formerly the Pennsylvanian period; the Late Carboniferous epoch occurred from 318 million to 299 million

Wichita State University, public coeducational institution of higher learning in Wichita, Kansas, U.S. The university comprises the W. Frank Barton School of Business, Fairmount College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, the Graduate School, and Colleges of Education, Engineering, Fine Arts, and Health

Wick, royal burgh (town) and fishing port, Highland council area, historic county of Caithness, Scotland. An ancient Norse settlement on the North Sea, situated about 14 miles (23 km) south of John o’Groats, Wick developed as a fishing port and centre and was designated a royal burgh in 1589. It

wick, thread, strip, or bundle of fibres that, by capillary action, draws up the oil of a lamp or the melted wax in a candle to be burned. By 1000 bc, wicks of vegetable fibres were used in saucer-type vessels containing olive oil or nut oil in order to provide light, and by 500–400 bc these wicks

lamp: Another version had a wick channel, which allowed the burning surface of the wick to hang over the edge. The latter type became common in Africa and spread into East Asia as well.

Morristown: …reconstructions of the soldiers’ huts; Wick House, a restored revolutionary-era farmhouse that served as headquarters for General Arthur St. Clair; the Jacob Ford Mansion, which was General George Washington’s headquarters; and the site of Fort Nonsense, a low earthwork fortification built in 1777. The park’s historical museum has a collection…

constitutional law: Judicial review in the United States: …commerce clause laid down in Wickard v. Filburn (1942) upheld the federal government’s right to enforce quotas on the production of agricultural products in virtually all circumstances, even when, as in this case, a farmer exceeding his quota—by an admittedly sizable amount of wheat—proclaimed his intention to consume all his…

Wicked, stage musical by American composer and lyricist Stephen Schwartz and librettist Winnie Holzman that serves as a prequel to the events from L. Frank Baum’s original novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900) and its film adaptation, The Wizard of Oz (1939). Wicked is a revisionist retelling of

biblical literature: The King James (Authorized) Version: …have become famous: the so-called Wicked Bible (1631) derives its name from the omission of “not” in Exodus 20:14—“Thou shalt commit adultery”—for which the printers were fined £300, and the “Vinegar Bible” (1717) stems from a misprinting of “vineyard” in the heading of Luke 20.

Margaret Lockwood: …highwaywoman in the costume drama The Wicked Lady (1945).

Wilson Pickett was an American singer-songwriter, whose explosive style helped define the soul music of the 1960s. Pickett was a product of the Southern black church, and gospel was at the core of his musical manner and onstage persona. He testified rather than sang, preached rather than crooned.

The Wonderful Wizard of Oz: Summary: …her for having killed the Wicked Witch of the East (the house having landed on the witch), thus freeing them. The Witch of the North gives Dorothy the silver shoes of the dead witch and advises her to go to the City of Emeralds to see the Great Wizard Oz,…

The Wizard of Oz: …the evil witch’s sister, the Wicked Witch of the West (Margaret Hamilton), vows to kill Dorothy in order to avenge her sister and retrieve the powerful ruby slippers. Glinda the Good Witch (Billie Burke) instructs Dorothy to follow the yellow brick road that runs to the Emerald City, where it…