diplomatics: The English royal chancery: …second holder of this office, Sir Thomas Wilson, established the division of the state papers into foreign and domestic. As departments of state proliferated during the 18th and 19th centuries, they developed their own archives. In 1838 all the public legal archives were placed in a Public Record Office under…

Stephanie Wilson is an American astronaut who has made three spaceflights to the International Space Station (ISS) on the space shuttle Discovery and is part of the Artemis team of astronauts who are to fly to the Moon in the mid-2020s. She was the second Black woman in space, after Mae Jemison.

Stephanie Wilson is an American astronaut who has made three spaceflights to the International Space Station (ISS) on the space shuttle Discovery and is part of the Artemis team of astronauts who are to fly to the Moon in the mid-2020s. She was the second Black woman in space, after Mae Jemison.

Teddy Wilson was an American jazz musician who was one of the leading pianists during the big band era of the 1930s and ’40s; he was also considered a major influence on subsequent generations of jazz pianists. Wilson’s family moved to Alabama in 1918, where his father found employment at the

Celtic literature: Manx: Bishop Thomas Wilson’s Principles and Duties of Christianity appeared in English and Manx in 1699, and 22 of his sermons appeared in a Manx translation in 1783. More interesting are Pargys Caillit, the paraphrase translation of Milton’s Paradise Lost, which was published in 1794 and reprinted…

Tom Wilson was an American record producer best known for producing the early groundbreaking albums of Cecil Taylor, Sun Ra, Bob Dylan, Simon and Garfunkel, the Velvet Underground, and Frank Zappa. Wilson was born to Fannie Odessa Brown Wilson, a librarian, and Thomas Blanchard Wilson, an insurance

Woodrow Wilson was the 28th president of the United States (1913–21), an American scholar and statesman best remembered for his legislative accomplishments and his high-minded idealism. Wilson led his country into World War I and became the creator and leading advocate of the League of Nations, for

Tom Wilson was an American record producer best known for producing the early groundbreaking albums of Cecil Taylor, Sun Ra, Bob Dylan, Simon and Garfunkel, the Velvet Underground, and Frank Zappa. Wilson was born to Fannie Odessa Brown Wilson, a librarian, and Thomas Blanchard Wilson, an insurance

Tony Wilson was a British music industry entrepreneur who, as cofounder of Factory Records and founder of the Hacienda nightclub in Manchester, was the ringleader of the so-called “Madchester” postpunk music and club scene of the 1980s and early ’90s. Wilson was a cultural reporter for Manchester’s

Alcoholics Anonymous: ” (William Griffith Wilson [1895–1971]), and a surgeon from Akron, Ohio, “Dr. Bob S.” (Robert Holbrook Smith [1879–1950]). Drawing upon their own experiences, they set out to help fellow alcoholics and first recorded their program in Alcoholics Anonymous (1939; 3rd ed., 1976). By the early 21st…

William Julius Wilson is an American sociologist whose views on race and urban poverty helped shape U.S. public policy and academic discourse. Wilson was educated at Wilberforce University (B.A., 1958) and Bowling Green State University (M.A., 1961) in Ohio, as well as at Washington State

Woodrow Wilson was the 28th president of the United States (1913–21), an American scholar and statesman best remembered for his legislative accomplishments and his high-minded idealism. Wilson led his country into World War I and became the creator and leading advocate of the League of Nations, for

Pollock v. Farmers’ Loan and Trust Company: …court voided portions of the Wilson-Gorman Tariff Act of 1894 that imposed a direct tax on the incomes of American citizens and corporations, thus declaring the federal income tax unconstitutional. The decision was mooted (unsettled) in 1913 by ratification of the Sixteenth Amendment to the federal Constitution, giving Congress the…

Canada: SNC-Lavalin affair: …his staff had improperly pushed Jody Wilson-Raybould, who was attorney general and justice minister, to take actions to halt the prosecution of SNC-Lavalin, a giant Quebec-based construction and engineering company that had been charged with corruption and fraud. After being reassigned as veterans affairs minister in a cabinet reshuffle in…

20th-century international relations: The idealist vision: Wilsonianism, as it came to be called, derived from the liberal internationalism that had captured large segments of the Anglo-American intellectual elite before and during the war. It interpreted war as essentially an atavism associated with authoritarian monarchy, aristocracy, imperialism, and economic nationalism. Such governments…

Wilsons Promontory, southernmost point of the Australian mainland. It lies in Victoria, about 110 miles (175 km) southeast of Melbourne. The peninsula, composed of granite, is 22 miles long with a maximum width of 14 miles. It projects into Bass Strait and is almost an island, being linked to the

wilt, common symptom of plant disease resulting from water loss in leaves and stems. Affected parts lose their turgidity and droop. Specific wilt diseases—caused by a variety of fungi, bacteria, and viruses—are easily confused with root and crown rots, stem cankers, insect injuries, drought or

Robert Nozick: The entitlement theory of justice of Robert Nozick: …be known as the “Wilt Chamberlain” argument. Assume, he says, that the distribution of holdings in a given society is just according to some theory based on patterns or historical circumstances—e.g., the egalitarian theory, according to which only a strictly equal distribution of holdings is just. In this society,…

Wilt Chamberlain was a professional basketball player, considered to be one of the greatest offensive players in the history of the game. More than 7 feet (2.1 metres) tall, Chamberlain was an outstanding centre. During his 1961–62 season he became the first player to score more than 4,000 points

Wilton, town (parish), administrative and historic county of Wiltshire, southern England. It lies just west-northwest of Salisbury. The town is internationally known for its carpets. The Royal Carpet Factory was built there in 1655, and the production of Wilton and Axminster carpets became the

floor covering: …woven types as Axminster and Wilton, and also tufted, knitted, and flocked types. Axminsters resemble hand-knotted carpets, but their pile yarn is mechanically inserted and bound and not knotted. Wilton types may have looped (uncut) or cut pile, with designs formed by bringing yarns of the desired colour to the…

interior design: England: …and kinsman, John Webb, built Wilton House, Wiltshire.

Copperbelt: …to light remains of the Wilton culture (Late Stone Age culture in southern Africa) dating from 3000 bce. Early, Middle, and Late Stone Age and Early Iron Age sites are in the province, as well as a number of rock paintings (c. 500–1750 ce). Chiefdoms dominated by the Lamba, Lima,…

James Brydges, 1st duke of Chandos was an English nobleman and patron of composer George Frideric Handel. The son and heir of James Brydges, 8th Baron Chandos of Sudeley, he was a member of Parliament from 1698 to 1714. For eight years (1705–13) during the War of the Spanish Succession, he was

Neoclassical art: Britain: …early British Neoclassical sculptors included John Wilton, Joseph Nollekens, John Bacon the Elder, John Deare, and Christopher Hewetson—the last two working mostly in Rome. The leading artist of the younger generation was John Flaxman, professor of sculpture at the Royal Academy and

Sir Squire Bancroft: He married the theatre manager Marie Effie Wilton in 1867. At the Prince of Wales’s Theatre, they produced all the better-known comedies of Thomas William Robertson, among them Society (1865) and Caste (1867). These productions swept away the old crude methods of writing and staging. Later they produced new plays…

Wiltshire, geographic and historic county and unitary authority of southern England. It is situated on a low plateau draining into the basins of the Bristol Channel, the English Channel, and the eastward-flowing River Thames. Trowbridge, on the western side of Wiltshire, is the administrative

Kingston, city, seat (1683) of Ulster county, southeastern New York, U.S. It lies on the west bank of the Hudson River (there bridged), at the mouth of Rondout Creek, 54 miles (87 km) south of Albany. A fur-trading post was established on the site about 1615. The first permanent settlement, called

diffuse ionized gas, dilute interstellar material that makes up about 90 percent of the ionized gas in the Milky Way Galaxy. It produces a faint emission-line spectrum that is seen in every direction. It was first detected from a thin haze of electrons that affect radio radiation passing through

Wiman Chinese general, or possibly a Korean in Chinese service, who took advantage of the confusion that existed around the time of the founding of the Han dynasty in China to usurp the throne of the Korean state of Chosŏn. He moved the capital to the present-day site of P’yŏngyang on the Taedong

Nangnang: …the ancient Korean state of Wiman (later named Chosŏn). Nangnang, which occupied the northwestern portion of the Korean peninsula and had its capital at P’yŏngyang, was the only one of the four colonies to achieve success. It lasted until 313 ce, when it was conquered by the expanding northern Korean…

Weimar, city, Thuringia Land (state), eastern Germany. Weimar lies along the Ilm River, just east of Erfurt. First mentioned in documents in 975 as Wimare, it was declared a town in 1254 and was chartered in 1348. Ruled by the counts of Weimar-Orlamünde from 1247 to 1372, it then passed to the

WiMax, communication technology for wirelessly delivering high-speed Internet service to large geographical areas. Part of fourth generation (4G) wireless-communication technology, WiMax far surpassed the 30-metre (100-foot) wireless range of a conventional Wi-Fi local area network (LAN), offering

Wimbledon, neighbourhood in Merton, an outer borough of London. Located about 8 miles (13 km) southwest of the City of London, it is the site of the annual All-England Championships, better known as the Wimbledon Championships, in lawn tennis. The district also includes Wimbledon Stadium, which is

Wimbledon Championships, internationally known tennis championships played annually in London at Wimbledon. The tournament, held in late June and early July, is one of the four annual “Grand Slam” tennis events—along with the Australian, French, and U.S. Opens—and is the only one still played on

East Dorset, district, administrative county of Dorset, southern England. It is located in the northeastern corner of the county directly north of the English Channel resorts of Bournemouth and Poole. The old parish (town) of Wimborne Minster is the administrative centre. Most of the district is

Wimborne Minster, town (parish), East Dorset district, administrative and historic county of Dorset, southern England. It is situated on the River Allen at its confluence with the Stour, about 5 miles (8 km) north of Poole. Cuthburga and Cwenburh, sisters of King Ine of Wessex, founded a convent

Wimmera, region, west-central Victoria, Australia. Thomas Mitchell first surveyed the area in 1836 and named it for an Aboriginal term meaning boomerang, throwing stick, or spear thrower. The area was settled in the 1860s. Its generally level terrain, in the basin of the north-flowing, dissipative

weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP), heavy, electromagnetically neutral subatomic particle that is hypothesized to make up most dark matter and therefore some 22 percent of the universe. These particles are thought to be heavy and slow moving because if the dark matter particles were light

wimple, headdress worn by women over the head and around the neck, cheeks, and chin. From the late 12th until the beginning of the 14th century, it was worn extensively throughout medieval Europe, and it survived until recently as a head covering for women in religious orders. The wimple originally

piranha: Some 12 species called wimple piranhas (genus Catoprion) survive solely on morsels nipped from the fins and scales of other fishes, which then swim free to heal completely.

intentional fallacy: Introduced by W.K. Wimsatt, Jr., and Monroe C. Beardsley in The Verbal Icon (1954), the approach was a reaction to the popular belief that to know what the author intended—what he had in mind at the time of writing—was to know the correct interpretation of the work.…

Lord Peter Wimsey, fictional character, a monocled aristocratic dilettante turned professional detective, created by English writer Dorothy L. Sayers in Whose Body? (1923). After his graduation from the University of Oxford, Wimsey, who is the second son of the duke of Denver, finds that he has a

Jimmy Kimmel: Win Ben Stein’s Money and The Man Show: … on the television game show Win Ben Stein’s Money. Kimmel’s adolescent sense of humour complemented Stein’s dry delivery, and the cohosts were awarded the Daytime Emmy Award for outstanding game-show host in 1999.

2021 Myanmar coup d’état: Coup: Win Myint, Aung San Suu Kyi, and other NLD members were detained, and Myint Swe, a former military officer who was the military-appointed vice president, became acting president. He immediately invoked articles 417 and 418 of the constitution, declaring a one-year state of emergency and…

sabermetrics: Bill James and the advent of sabermetrics: …2002 James published the 729-page Win Shares, in which he outlined a method that resulted in the performance of every player in major-league history being summed up by a single number for each season based on his contributions as a hitter, fielder, base runner, or pitcher. James’s method had been…

Paul Giamatti: …he starred in the comedy-drama Win Win as a hapless lawyer moonlighting as a high-school wrestling coach, and he appeared in the political thriller The Ides of March as the wily campaign manager of a presidential candidate (George Clooney). That year he also portrayed U.S. Federal Reserve chairman Ben Bernanke…

Winam Gulf, gulf of the northeastern corner of Lake Victoria, southwestern Kenya, East Africa. It is a shallow inlet, 35 miles (56 km) long and 15 miles wide, and is connected to the main lake by a channel 3 miles wide. The port of Kisumu stands on its northeastern

Winam Gulf, gulf of the northeastern corner of Lake Victoria, southwestern Kenya, East Africa. It is a shallow inlet, 35 miles (56 km) long and 15 miles wide, and is connected to the main lake by a channel 3 miles wide. The port of Kisumu stands on its northeastern

Rigoberta Menchú: …created the Indian-led political movement Winaq (Mayan: “The Wholeness of the Human Being”) in February 2007. That September, as the candidate of a coalition between Winaq and the left-wing Encounter for Guatemala party, she ran for president of Guatemala but earned less than 3 percent of the vote. Her 2011…

pottery: Tin-glazed ware: One of them—Wincanton in Somerset—made frequent use of manganese, which produces purple and purplish-black colours. The tin glaze fell into disuse about the turn of the 18th century, its place having been taken by Wedgwood’s creamware. (In the mid-20th century manufacture has been successfully revived at Rye,…

Winchcombe, village (parish), Tewkesbury borough, administrative and historic county of Gloucestershire, England. It is situated on the River Isbourne, near the western edge of the Cotswolds. The site was first settled when Cenwulf, king of Mercia (reigned 796–821), founded a Benedictine abbey

Walter Winchell was a U.S. journalist and broadcaster whose newspaper columns and radio broadcasts containing news and gossip gave him a massive audience and much influence in the United States in the 1930s, ’40s, and ’50s. Winchell was raised in New York City, and when he was 13 he left school to

geochronology: Completion of the Phanerozoic time scale: …conducted by another American geologist, Alexander Winchell, in the upper Mississippi valley area. Eventually the overlying strata, the coal-bearing rocks originally described from Pennsylvania, were formalized as Pennsylvanian in 1891 by the paleontologist and stratigrapher Henry Shaler Williams.

Walter Winchell was a U.S. journalist and broadcaster whose newspaper columns and radio broadcasts containing news and gossip gave him a massive audience and much influence in the United States in the 1930s, ’40s, and ’50s. Winchell was raised in New York City, and when he was 13 he left school to

Winchelsea, place in Rother district, administrative county of East Sussex, historic county of Sussex, England, with historical importance as a former English Channel port and as an example of medieval town planning. Old Winchelsea, reputed to have consisted of 700 houses, 50 inns, and numerous

Buka Island, island of Papua New Guinea in the Solomon Sea, southwestern Pacific Ocean. Geographically, Buka is one of the northern Solomon Islands and lies northwest of Bougainville Island, from which it is separated by the deep, narrow Buka Passage, which ranges from about 980 to 3,500 feet (300

Robert Winchelsey was an archbishop of Canterbury who was a champion of clerical privilege and a leading opponent of kings Edward I and Edward II of England. Winchelsey became chancellor of Oxford University by 1288, and in 1293 he was elected archbishop of Canterbury. He clashed with Edward I by

Winchester, town and city (district), in the central part of the administrative and historic county of Hampshire, England. It is best known for its medieval cathedral. The town lies in the valley of the River Itchen. Although few traces of the ancient Venta Belgarum remain, its central position in

Winchester: Winchester, town and city (district), in the central part of the administrative and historic county of Hampshire, England. It is best known for its medieval cathedral.

Winchester, city, seat (1738) of Frederick county (though administratively independent of it), northern Virginia, U.S. It lies at the northern end of the Shenandoah Valley, 70 miles (113 km) northwest of Washington, D.C. Pennsylvania Quakers first settled in the area in 1732. Fredericktown (as it

Anthony Mann: The 1950s: westerns of Anthony Mann: The Universal production Winchester ’73 (1950) signaled the beginning of a new phase in both his career and that of its star James Stewart, who did eight films with Mann. The plot was simple but sturdy: Lin McAdam (Stewart) must hunt down his brother, who has killed their…

Western painting: Late 12th century: …responsible for illuminating the great Winchester Bible in the 1170s. There, all traces of the elaborately patterned damp-fold drapery of mid-century painting have vanished, to be replaced by material that falls in tiny ripples and soft irregular undulations to reveal firm limbs beneath. A later, simplified, mannered, and frenzied version…

measurement system: The United States Customary System: …was derived from the “Winchester bushel,” a surviving standard dating to the 15th century, which had been replaced in the British Act of 1824. It might be said that the U.S. gallon and bushel, smaller by about 17 percent and 3 percent, respectively, than the British, remain more truly…

Winchester Cathedral, cathedral church in Winchester, Hampshire, England. It is the seat of the Anglican bishop of Winchester as well as a major tourist attraction. The present cathedral was built between 1079 and 1420. Long before London gained its predominance, Winchester was the most important

Winchester College, one of the oldest of the great public schools of England, in Winchester, Hampshire. Its formal name, St. Mary College of Winchester near Winchester, dates from 1382, when it was founded by Bishop William of Wykeham (q.v.) to prepare boys for his New College, Oxford, known as St.

computer: Secondary memory: …with fixed platters known as Winchester disks—perhaps because the first ones had two 30-megabyte platters, suggesting the Winchester 30-30 rifle. Not only was the sealed disk protected against dirt, the R/W head could also “fly” on a thin air film, very close to the platter. By putting the head closer…

fives: Winchester fives: Winchester fives is a game confined to a few schools, there being no association or championships and few courts. The court is similar to the Rugby one, but a change of direction of the left-hand wall makes the court slightly narrower at the…

San Jose: The contemporary city: The Winchester Mystery House, a 160-room Victorian mansion filled with unusual architectural features, was under construction continuously between 1884 and 1922 by the eccentric widow Sarah Winchester, heir to the fortune of the firearms-manufacturing company. It is maintained as a museum, as are Peralta Adobe (1797),…

Winchester Profession, statement of Universalist faith adopted in 1803 by the General Convention of Universalists in the New England States at Winchester, New Hampshire. The declaration was phrased in general terms to embrace differing Universalist views about the nature of God, God’s relationship

Oliver Fisher Winchester: … and ammunition who made the Winchester Repeating Arms Company a worldwide success by the shrewd purchase and improvement of the patented designs of other arms designers.

Winchester school, painting style of English illuminated manuscripts produced primarily at Winchester but also at Canterbury and in various southern monasteries in the 10th and early 11th centuries. The Winchester style is characterized by boldness, incisiveness, and sumptuous ornament, many of the

Imperial units: Early origins: …enforce uniformity took the name Winchester, after the ancient capital of Britain, where the 10th-century Saxon king Edgar the Peaceable kept a royal bushel measure and quite possibly others. Fourteenth-century statutes recorded a yard (perhaps based originally on a rod or stick) of 3 feet, each foot containing 12

canonical hours: Thus the Winchester Troper, a 10th- or 11th-century manuscript copied for services for Winchester Cathedral, contains one of the largest body of early two-part settings of the responsories for Matins. The Spanish Codex Calixtinus (about the 12th century) also includes two-part polyphony for the Matins responsories.

Elhanan Winchester was an American preacher and revivalist who helped to spread Universalism in the United States. Urged by the French-British theologian George de Benneville (1703–93) to read Universalist works, Winchester, a Baptist, converted and became a Universalist. He preached throughout the

Oliver Fisher Winchester was an American manufacturer of repeating long arms and ammunition who made the Winchester Repeating Arms Company a worldwide success by the shrewd purchase and improvement of the patented designs of other arms designers. As a young man, Winchester operated a men’s

Yiddish literature: Writers in New York: Morris Winchevsky (pseudonym of Ben-Zion Novakhovitsh) was born in Lithuania, moved to Königsberg, Germany [now Kaliningrad, Russia], in 1877, and began to publish poems, stories, and articles in socialist Hebrew newspapers in the late 1870s. He was arrested and expelled from Prussia. In London he…

Johann Winckelmann was a German archaeologist and art historian whose writings directed popular taste toward classical art, particularly that of ancient Greece, and influenced not only Western painting and sculpture but also literature and even philosophy. Winckelmann was the son of a cobbler. His

Maria Kirch was a German astronomer who was the first woman to discover a comet. Winckelmann was educated by her father, a Lutheran minister, and—after her father’s death—by an uncle. She studied astronomy under Christoph Arnold, a local self-taught astronomer. It was through Arnold that

Hugo Winckler was a German archaeologist and historian whose excavations at Boğazköy, in Turkey, disclosed the capital of the Hittite empire, Hattusa, and yielded thousands of cuneiform tablets from which much of Hittite history was reconstructed. Winckler’s primary interest was in the language and

Frank Lloyd Wright: The 1920s and ’30s: …Wisconsin, near Madison, and the Winckler-Goetsch house (1939) at Okemos, Michigan.

wind, in climatology, the movement of air relative to the surface of the Earth. Winds play a significant role in determining and controlling climate and weather. A brief treatment of winds follows. For full treatment, see climate: Wind. Wind occurs because of horizontal and vertical differences

Nicholas Ray: Films of the late 1950s: Wind Across the Everglades (1958) was an offbeat collaboration with writer Budd Schulberg that featured Christopher Plummer as a game warden in the early 1900s whose efforts to save the Everglades’ bird life from poachers are compromised by his debauched lifestyle. Party Girl (1958) was…

Kalahari Desert: Physiography and geology: …greater part of them were wind-formed. The sheets occupy the eastern part of the Kalahari. Their surface elevation varies only slightly, with relief measured in tens of feet per mile. The depth of the sand there generally exceeds 200 feet. In many areas the sand is red, the result of…

film: Film acting: … (1966), an Arab chieftain in The Wind and the Lion (1975), a medieval monk in The Name of the Rose (1986), and a Prohibition-era Chicago policeman in The Untouchables (1987), but he was most identified with the sophisticated British secret agent James Bond, whom he played in seven films.

Bette Midler: …lukewarm reception, its song “Wind Beneath My Wings ” (sung by Midler) became a smash hit, topping the Billboard Hot 100; it also won Midler a third Grammy, for record of the year.

Wind Cave National Park, scenic area in southwestern South Dakota, U.S., about 35 miles (56 km) south-southwest of Rapid City. It was established in 1903 to preserve a series of limestone caverns and a tract of unspoiled prairie grassland in the Black Hills. The park’s surface area is 44 square

organ: …pipes are arranged over a wind chest that is connected to the keys via a set of pallets, or valves, and fed with a supply of air by electrically or mechanically activated bellows. Each rank is brought into action by a stop that is connected by levers, or electrically, to…

wind chill, a measure of the rate of heat loss from skin that is exposed to the air. It is based on the fact that, as wind speeds increase, the heat loss also increases, making the air “feel” colder. Wind chill is usually reported as a “wind chill temperature” or “wind chill equivalent”—that is,

wind chill, a measure of the rate of heat loss from skin that is exposed to the air. It is based on the fact that, as wind speeds increase, the heat loss also increases, making the air “feel” colder. Wind chill is usually reported as a “wind chill temperature” or “wind chill equivalent”—that is,

wind-bell, a bell or a cluster of resonating pieces that are moved and sounded by the wind. The wind-bell has three basic forms: (1) a cluster of small pieces of metal, glass, pottery, bamboo, seashell, or wood that tinkle when blown by the wind; (2) a cluster of chimes that are rung by a central

Venus: The atmosphere of Venus: Most information about wind directions at the planet’s surface comes from observations of wind-blown materials. Despite low surface-wind velocities, the great density of Venus’s atmosphere enables these winds to move loose fine-grained materials, producing surface features that have been seen in radar images. Some features resemble sand dunes,…

African American literature: African American roots: …spurred Alice Randall to create The Wind Done Gone (2001), a parody of the 20th century’s most extensively read historical novel, Margaret Mitchell’s Gone with the Wind (1936).

wind energy, form of solar energy that is produced by the movement of air relative to Earth’s surface. This form of energy is generated by the uneven heating of Earth’s surface by the Sun and is modified by Earth’s rotation and surface topography. For an overview of the forces that govern the

carbon offset: …energy projects, such as building wind farms that replace coal-fired power plants. Energy-efficiency improvements, such as increasing insulation in buildings to reduce heat loss or using more-efficient vehicles for transportation. Destruction of potent industrial greenhouse gases such as halocarbons. Carbon sequestration in soils or

pollination: Wind: Wind-pollinated flowers are inconspicuous, being devoid of insect attractants and rewards, such as fragrance, showy petals, and nectar. To facilitate exposure of the flowers to the wind, blooming often takes place before the leaves are out in spring, or the flowers may be placed very…

agricultural technology: Frost: …nights with little or no wind when the outgoing radiation is excessive and the air temperature is not necessarily at the freezing point, and (2) wind, or advection, frost, which occurs at any time, day or night, regardless of cloud cover, when wind moves air in from cold regions. Both…

valley: Cross-axial drainage: …such captures are known as wind gaps. These contrast with the water gaps that still contain transverse streams. The famous water gaps of the Appalachians are excellent examples of such patterns.

The Wind in the Willows, book of linked animal tales by British writer Kenneth Grahame that began as a series of bedtime stories for his son and was published in 1908. The beautifully written work, with its evocative descriptions of the countryside interspersed with exciting adventures, became a

wind instrument, any musical instrument that uses air as the primary vibrating medium for the production of sound. Wind instruments exhibit great diversity in structure and sonority and have been prominent in the music of all cultures since prehistoric times. A system of classification of these