Windsor, town, part of the Hawkesbury local government area, southeast-central New South Wales, Australia. It lies on the Hawkesbury River about 30 miles (50 km) northwest of Sydney. In 1794 Major Francis Grose, then acting governor, placed 22 settlers in the riverside district known as Green

Windsor and Maidenhead, royal borough and unitary authority, geographic county of Berkshire, southern England, located about 30 miles (48 km) west of central London. Most of the unitary authority lies in the historic county of Berkshire, but it includes areas north of the River Thames that belong

Sir Peter Lely: …series of court ladies titled The Windsor Beauties (1660s). Simultaneously he painted the portrait series of the Admirals (1666–67) at Greenwich, the best of them rugged and severely masculine characterizations. Lely’s late works are marred by stylistic mannerisms and decreasing vitality.

Windsor Castle, English royal residence that stands on a ridge at the northeastern edge of the district of Windsor and Maidenhead in the county of Berkshire, England. The castle occupies 13 acres (5 hectares) of ground above the south bank of the River Thames. Windsor Castle comprises two

Windsor chair, popular type of wooden chair constructed of turned (shaped on a lathe), slender spindles that are socketed into a solid, saddle-shaped wooden seat. Those spindles extending downward form the legs and those extending upward form the back and arm rests. The Windsor chair has been

Windsor Locks, urban town (township), Hartford county, north-central Connecticut, U.S., on the Connecticut River. Originally settled as part of Windsor in 1663, it was known as Pine Meadow and Enfield Falls (for the rapids on its east side). Commercial development began after 1829 with the

Alice Perrers was the mistress of King Edward III of England. She exercised great influence at the aging monarch’s court from about 1369 until 1376. She belonged probably to the Hertfordshire family of Perrers, although it is also stated that she was of more humble birth. Before 1366 she had

Popular Mechanics: Founded in 1902 by Henry H. Windsor, Popular Mechanics is one of the oldest magazines in the United States. It has been published since 1958 by Hearst Magazines, a division of the Hearst Corporation, Inc.

house of Windsor, the royal house of the United Kingdom, which succeeded the house of Hanover on the death of its last monarch, Queen Victoria, on January 22, 1901. The dynasty includes Edward VII (reigned 1901–10), George V (1910–36), Edward VIII (1936), George VI (1936–52), Elizabeth II

Edward VIII was the prince of Wales (1911–36) and king of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of the British dominions and emperor of India from January 20 to December 10, 1936, when he abdicated in order to marry Wallis Warfield Simpson of the United States. He was the

Ireland: The Anglo-Norman invasion: By the Treaty of Windsor (1175), O’Connor, the high king, accepted Henry as his overlord and restyled himself as only the king of Connaught. But he was permitted to exercise some vague authority over the other Irish kings and was charged with collecting from them tribute to…

Windsor: …is the site of the University of Windsor, founded in 1963 when Assumption College (1857) federated into a university, and of St. Clair College of Applied Arts and Technology. Fort Malden National Historic Park is 16 miles (26 km) south. Inc. village, 1854; town, 1858; city, 1892. Pop. (2011) 210,891;…

Wallis Simpson was an American socialite who became the wife of Prince Edward, duke of Windsor (Edward VIII), after the latter had abdicated the British throne in order to marry her. Wallis Warfield was born into an old established American family and attended the Oldfields School in Cockeysville,

Alexander Pope: Early works: …for several years on “Windsor-Forest.” In this poem, completed and published in 1713, he proceeded, as Virgil had done, from the pastoral vein to the georgic and celebrated the rule of Queen Anne as the Latin poet had celebrated the rule of Augustus. In another early poem,“Eloisa to Abelard,”…

windstorm, a wind that is strong enough to cause at least light damage to trees and buildings and may or may not be accompanied by precipitation. Wind speeds during a windstorm typically exceed 55 km (34 miles) per hour. Wind damage can be attributed to gusts (short bursts of high-speed winds) or

windsurfing, sport that combines aspects of sailing and surfing on a one-person craft called a sailboard. The earliest prototypes of a sailboard date back to the late 1950s. Californians Jim Drake (a sailor) and Hoyle Schweitzer (a surfer) received the first patent for a sailboard in 1968. They

Nicolas Cage: …single-night heist of 50 cars; Windtalkers (2002), a portrayal of Navajo code talkers during World War II; and National Treasure (2004) and its sequel National Treasure: Book of Secrets (2007), which featured Cage as a treasure hunter searching for historical artifacts.

Ludwig Windthorst was a prominent German Roman Catholic political leader of the 19th century. He was one of the founders of the Centre Party, which aimed at the unification of German Catholics and the defense of Roman Catholic interests. In 1836 Windthorst settled at Osnabrück as an attorney. He

baseball: Pitching with men on base: …the mound from the “windup,” a stance that begins with the pitcher facing home plate, to the “stretch,” a stance that begins with a left-handed pitcher facing first base or a right-handed pitcher facing third base. Pitching from the stretch allows for a shorter motion that gets the ball…

Îles du Vent, eastern group of islands within the Society Islands, French Polynesia, in the central South Pacific Ocean. The group is composed of volcanic islands surrounded by coral reefs. The large islands of Tahiti and Moorea lie at the centre of the group. Maiao, covering about 3 square miles

Windward Islands, a line of West Indian islands constituting the southern arc of the Lesser Antilles. They lie at the eastern end of the Caribbean Sea, between latitudes 12° and 16° N and longitudes 60° and 62° W and include, from north to south, the English-speaking island of Dominica; the French

Barlavento Islands, island group in the Atlantic Ocean off the West African coast and the northern of two island groups that make up Cape Verde. The archipelago consists of the islands of Boa Vista, Sal, Santa Luzia, Santo Antão, São Nicolau, and São Vicente, as well as the islets of Raso and

Windward Passage, strait in the West Indies, connecting the Atlantic Ocean with the Caribbean Sea. It is 50 miles (80 km) wide and separates Cuba (west) from Hispaniola (southeast). It has a threshold depth of 5,500 feet (1,700 m) and is on the direct shipping route between the east coast of the

Alison Krauss: In 2017 she released Windy City, her first solo album since 1999. It showcased country music songs from the 1950s and ’60s. Krauss was awarded a National Medal of Arts in 2019, cited “for making extraordinary contributions to American music.” She then reunited with Plant for Raise the Roof…

Cape Town: The city site: …Bay, on the south by Devil’s Peak, and on the east by marshlands and the sandy Cape Flats beyond. The nearest tillable land was on the lower eastern slopes of Devil’s Peak and Table Mountain and, farther to the southeast, at Rondebosch, Newlands, and Wynberg. From the fortress that protected…

wine, the fermented juice of the grape. Of the grape genus Vitis, one species, V. vinifera (often erroneously called the European grape), is used almost exclusively. Beverages produced from V. labrusca, the native American grape, and from other grape species are also considered wines. When other

Amy Poehler: Producing and directing: …directed her first feature film, Wine Country, about a group of friends who travel to Napa Valley in California for a 50th birthday celebration. In it Poehler starred with Dratch, Rudolph, Fey, and another SNL alumna, Ana Gasteyer, as well as Paula Pell and Emily Spivey. Poehler also directed and…

measurement system: The English system: ” Similarly, in 1707 the wine gallon was defined as a round measure having an even bottom and containing 231 cubic inches; however, the ale gallon was retained at 282 cubic inches. There were also a corn gallon and an older, slightly smaller wine gallon. There were many other attempts…

Paul Cézanne: Impressionist years: …Snow at Estaque (1870–71) and The Wine Market (1872), the composition is that of his early style, but already more disciplined and more attentive to the atmospheric, rather than dramatic, quality of light.

Van Wyck Brooks: …he published his first book, The Wine of the Puritans (1908), in which he blamed the Puritan heritage for America’s cultural shortcomings. He explored this theme more thoroughly in his first major work, America’s Coming-of-Age (1915), which made a strong impact with its thesis that the Puritan duality that separated…

Arabic literature: Later genres: …that included, among other categories, khamriyyāt (wine poems), ṭardiyyāt (hunt poems), zuhdiyyāt (ascetic poems), and ghazal (love poems).

Arabic literature: Later genres: …that included, among other categories, khamriyyāt (wine poems), ṭardiyyāt (hunt poems), zuhdiyyāt (ascetic poems), and ghazal (love poems).

alcoholism: Chronic diseases: …fortified wines—are sometimes miscalled “wine sores,” but they result from a combination of multiple nutritional deficiencies and poor hygiene.

wine tasting, the sampling and evaluation of wines as a means of enhancing the appreciation of them. Once strictly the bailiwick of producers, growers, connoisseurs, and professional tasters, the practice of wine tasting at the consumer level—though generally far less exacting than that performed

Bobi Wine is a Ugandan politician, performer, and activist who first garnered acclaim for his popular hits and socially conscious songs he called “edutainment”—the fusion of education and entertainment. He later became known for being a vocal critic of Ugandan Pres. Yoweri Museveni (1986– ) and his

goliard: …by John Addington Symonds as Wine, Women, and Song (1884). The collection also includes the only known two surviving complete texts of medieval passion dramas—one with and one without music. In 1937 the German composer Carl Orff based his scenic oratorio Carmina Burana on these poems and songs. Many of…

Amy Winehouse was an English singer-songwriter who skyrocketed to fame after the release of her critically acclaimed multiple Grammy Award-winning album Back to Black (2006). However, her tempestuous love life and substance use stalled her recording career even as they made her a favorite subject

David Wineland is an American physicist who was awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize for Physics for devising methods to study the quantum mechanical behaviour of individual ions. He shared the prize with French physicist Serge Haroche. Wineland received a bachelor’s degree in physics from the University

David Wineland is an American physicist who was awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize for Physics for devising methods to study the quantum mechanical behaviour of individual ions. He shared the prize with French physicist Serge Haroche. Wineland received a bachelor’s degree in physics from the University

wine: Enology: scientific winemaking: Prior to the 19th century little was known about the process of fermentation or the causes of spoilage. The Greeks stored wine in earthenware amphorae, and the Romans somewhat extended the life of their wines with improved oaken cooperage, but both civilizations…

American literature: Fiction: His Winesburg, Ohio (1919) and The Triumph of the Egg (1921) were collections of short stories that showed villagers suffering from all sorts of phobias and suppressions. Anderson in time wrote several novels, the best being Poor White (1920).

Dave Winfield is the only person to have been drafted by teams in Major League Baseball (MLB), the National Basketball Association (NBA), the American Basketball Association (ABA), and the National Football League (NFL). He decided upon a career in baseball and parlayed that choice into a spot in

Paul Winfield was an American film and television actor perhaps best known for his role in the film Sounder (1972). Winfield attended high school in Los Angeles, where he first began acting. After attending several colleges, he left the University of California at Los Angeles just six credits short

Paul Winfield was an American film and television actor perhaps best known for his role in the film Sounder (1972). Winfield attended high school in Los Angeles, where he first began acting. After attending several colleges, he left the University of California at Los Angeles just six credits short

DNA computing: Biochemistry-based information technology: American computer scientist Erik Winfree worked with Seeman to show how two-dimensional “sheets” of DNA-based “tiles” (effectively rectangles made up of interwoven DNA strands) could self-assemble into larger structures. Winfree, together with his student Paul Rothemund, then showed how these tiles could be designed such that the process…

Florence Mills was an American singer and dancer, a leading performer during the Jazz Age and the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s. She paved the way for African Americans in mainstream theatre and popularized syncopated dance and song. Born into poverty, Mills early demonstrated a talent for

Oprah Winfrey is an American television personality, actress, and entrepreneur whose syndicated daily talk show was among the most popular of the genre. She became one of the richest and most influential women in the United States. Winfrey moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, at age six to live with her

wing, in zoology, one of the paired structures by means of which certain animals propel themselves in the air. Vertebrate wings are modifications of the forelimbs. In birds the fingers are reduced and the forearm is lengthened. The primary flight feathers on the distal portion of the wing create

military unit: …support squadrons make up a wing. (An intermediate unit between the squadron and the wing is the air group or group, which consists of two to four squadrons.) Several wings are sometimes combined to form an air division or an air force.

Fabales: Classification of Fabaceae: …opened, two lateral petals called wings, and two lower petals that are usually fused and form a keel that encloses the stamens and pistil. The whole design is adapted for pollination by insects or, in a few members, by hummingbirds. Sweet nectar, to which the insects are cued by coloured…

wing, in aeronautics, an airfoil that helps lift a heavier-than-air craft. When positioned above the fuselage (high wings), wings provide an unrestricted view below and good lateral stability. Parasol wings, placed on struts high above the fuselage of seaplanes, help keep the engine from water

wing chair, a tall-backed, heavily upholstered easy chair with armrests and wings, or lugs, projecting between the back and arms to protect against drafts. They first appeared in the late 17th century—when the wings were sometimes known as “cheeks”—and they have maintained their popularity through

hand tool: Compass, divider, and caliper: …its modern counterpart is the wing divider with a thumbscrew clamp and screw for fine adjustment. The caliper is mentioned in the Middle Ages, but the divider was the principal tool of the architect working on full-scale layouts of stonework, such as in the construction of a cathedral. Such dividers…

American football: Knute Rockne and the influence of coaches: …coaches was Pop Warner, whose wingback formations (the single wing and the double wing), developed at Carlisle, Pittsburgh, and Stanford, became the dominant offensive systems through the 1930s.

falconiform: Flapping, soaring, and diving: …in thermals is controlled by wing loading (the ratio of weight to wing area). The higher the wing loading, the larger the turning circle and the larger the thermal “bubble” required for soaring to gain height. Smaller species (e.g., the black kite), with low wing loadings, can utilize smaller thermals…

nut: The wing nut is used in applications in which frequent adjustment is necessary and hand tightening is sufficient.

aerospace industry: The first decade: …breakthrough innovation was a pilot-operated warping (twisting) of the wings to provide attitude control and to make turns. Patents with broad claims for their wing-warping technology were granted in Europe in 1904 and in the United States in 1906. The French government was the first to negotiate with the Wright…

Grace Slick is an American musician and artist best known as the colead vocalist of the classic rock band Jefferson Airplane and its spinoff bands, Jefferson Starship and Starship. Slick’s striking beauty, stage presence, and dynamic contralto voice enabled Jefferson Airplane to become one of the

lacrosse: History: …the country is awarded the Wingate Trophy.

Orde Charles Wingate: His “Chindits,” or “Wingate’s Raiders,” a brigade of British, Gurkha, and Burmese guerrillas, harassed much stronger Japanese forces in the jungles of northern Burma (now Myanmar) during World War II.

Orde Charles Wingate was a British soldier, an outstanding “irregular” commander and unconventional personage in the tradition of General Charles George Gordon and Colonel T.E. Lawrence (“Lawrence of Arabia”). His “Chindits,” or “Wingate’s Raiders,” a brigade of British, Gurkha, and Burmese

Sir Reginald Wingate, 1st Baronet was a British general and imperial administrator, principal founder and governor-general (1899–1916) of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (from 1956 the independent Republic of Sudan). Commissioned in the British artillery in 1880, Wingate was assigned to the Egyptian army

Sir Reginald Wingate, 1st Baronet was a British general and imperial administrator, principal founder and governor-general (1899–1916) of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (from 1956 the independent Republic of Sudan). Commissioned in the British artillery in 1880, Wingate was assigned to the Egyptian army

football: Strategy and tactics: …clubs introduced 3-5-2 formations using wingbacks (a hybrid of fullback and attacking winger) on either side of the midfield. Players such as Roberto Carlos of Real Madrid and Brazil were outstanding exponents of this new role.

American football: Knute Rockne and the influence of coaches: …coaches was Pop Warner, whose wingback formations (the single wing and the double wing), developed at Carlisle, Pittsburgh, and Stanford, became the dominant offensive systems through the 1930s.

Fabales: Ecological and economic importance: Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (winged bean) is collected in Southeast Asia for the edible fruits and protein-rich tubers. Pachyrhizus (yam bean) is a high-yield root crop of Central America.

cricket: Sword-bearing, or winged bush, crickets (subfamily Trigonidiinae) are 4 to 9 mm long and brown and possess a sword-shaped ovipositor. They are characteristically found in bushes near a pond.

burning bush: The winged spindle tree, or winged euonymus (E. alatus), is often called burning bush. A shrub growing to a height of 2.5 metres (8 feet), it has several cultivated varieties, including a dwarf, compact branching form, which is much used in landscaping. See also Euonymus.

game: …that can be subdivided into winged game, such as the goose, duck, woodcock, grouse or partridge, and pheasant; and ground game, such as the squirrel, hare, and rabbit; (3) big game, predominantly venison, including roebuck, deer, elk, moose, and caribou but also including other large animals such as bear and…

insect: Insect phylogeny: …history of winged insects (Pterygota) throughout the geological periods from the Devonian to the Recent. The apterygotes, which are regarded as survivors of primitive insect stock, are omitted from the family tree. Dark lines indicate the periods during which the various orders have been found as fossils. Some lines…

Ben Lexcen: …the 12-metre class with a winged keel that improved the boat’s stability and maneuverability. Lexcen suffered a heart attack in 1983 after accusations that he had not designed the revolutionary keel, but he ultimately received full credit for the boat’s victory.

pigweed: Winged pigweed (Cycloloma atriplicifolium) is a much-branched upright plant with scalloped leaves; it grows to 60 cm (about 2 feet) tall and is often seen on sandy soils.

burning bush: The winged spindle tree, or winged euonymus (E. alatus), is often called burning bush. A shrub growing to a height of 2.5 metres (8 feet), it has several cultivated varieties, including a dwarf, compact branching form, which is much used in landscaping. See also Euonymus.

Sir Cecil Beaton: …were published in the book Winged Squadrons (1942). After the war Beaton resumed portrait photography, but his style became much less flamboyant. He also broadened his activities, designing costumes and sets for theatre and film. He won Academy Awards for his costume design in Gigi (1958) and for both his…

sumac: The smaller sumacs are the shining, winged, or dwarf sumac (R. copallinum) and the lemon, or fragrant, sumac (R. aromatica). The former is often grown for its shiny leaves, the leaflets of which are connected by ribs along the axis, and showy reddish fruits. The fragrant sumac has three-parted leaves,…

Paeonius: …for his statue of the Nike, or “Winged Victory” (c. 420 bc; Archaeological Museum, Olympia), which was found in Olympia in 1875. An inscription on its pedestal states that the statue commemorated a victory of the Messenians and the Naupactians over an unnamed enemy, probably the Spartans.

yam: Major species: trifida) and winged, or water, yam (D. alata) are the edible species most widely diffused in tropical and subtropical countries. The tubers of D. alata sometimes weigh 45 kg (100 pounds). Guinea yam (D. rotundata) and yellow Guinea yam (D. cayenensis) are the main yam species grown…

Scone: A local curiosity is Mount Wingen, or Burning Mountain, 1,800 feet (550 metres) high; a cleft in its side emits smoke from an underground coal seam that has been smoldering for thousands of years, thought to have been originally ignited by a brushfire. Pop. (2006) urban centre, 4,624; (2011)…

James Bridges: …marriage to independent Sissy (Debra Winger) disintegrate while he struggles to be accepted in the world of Gilley’s, the famed Houston honky-tonk, with its mechanical bull and competitive dance floors. Cowritten by Bridges, Urban Cowboy was a box office hit and spawned a best-selling sound track. Bridges next wrote…

Wingfield family, fictional family, the main characters in Tennessee Williams’s drama The Glass Menagerie (1944). Amanda, the head of the family, attempts to manage the lives of Tom and Laura, her two adult children. Pathetically unrealistic in her view of the world, Amanda shatters her daughter’s

Jamestown Colony: Origins (1606–07): …initiators of the Virginia Company; Edward-Maria Wingfield, a major investor; John Ratcliffe; George Kendall; John Martin; and Capt. John Smith, a former mercenary who had fought in the Netherlands and Hungary. Wingfield became the colony’s first president. Smith had been accused of plotting a mutiny during the ocean voyage and…

tennis: Origin and early years: …commemorated its introduction by Major Walter Clopton Wingfield in 1873. He published the first book of rules that year and took out a patent on his game in 1874, although historians have concluded that similar games were played earlier and that the first tennis club was established by the Englishman…

Akron: …the site of the Goodyear Wingfoot Lake Airship Base (for airships [blimps]). This hangar is one of the world’s largest buildings without interior supports. Akron is an important truck terminal and distribution point between the eastern seaboard and the Midwest.

biblical literature: Dutch versions: …own Dutch Bible, executed by Nicolaas van Winghe (Leuven, 1548). A revision printed by Jan Moerentorf (Moretus, 1599) became the standard version until it was superseded by that of the Peter Canisius Association (1929–39), now in general use. A fresh translation of the New Testament into modern Dutch appeared in…

cricket: Wingless bush crickets (subfamily Mogoplistinae) are generally found on bushes or under debris in sandy tropical areas near water. They are slender crickets, 5 to 13 mm long, wingless or with small wings, and are covered with translucent scales that rub off easily. Sword-bearing, or…

leaf-rolling grasshopper, any of a group of insects in the subfamily Gryllacridinae (order Orthoptera) that are wingless or nearly wingless, have long cerci and antennae, and appear somewhat humpbacked. The leaf-rolling grasshoppers are closely related to raspy crickets, which are also in subfamily

apterygote, broadly, any of the primitive wingless insects, distinct from the pterygotes, or winged insects. Used in this sense, the term apterygote commonly includes the primitive insects of the following groups: proturans, collembolans (springtails), diplurans, and species in the orders

Western architecture: High Classical (c. 450–400 bce): …smaller temples, as for the Temple of Athena Nike on the Acropolis; but even though the Ionic was never to be used as the exterior order for major buildings on the Greek mainland, Athens did contribute new forms of column base to the order.

formation flying: …a formation are known as wingmen, and it is their responsibility to follow the leader and to maintain a constant position relative to the lead aircraft. This is called “position keeping.” Any change in relative position between aircraft is considered movement by the wingmen.

Paul McCartney and Wings, British-American rock band founded by Beatles icon Paul McCartney (b. June 18, 1942, Liverpool, England) and his wife, Linda McCartney (b. Linda Eastman, September 24, 1941, Scarsdale, New York—d. April 17, 1998, Tucson, Arizona). After a lackluster start, the band became

Buffalo wing, deep-fried unbreaded chicken wings or drumsticks coated with a vinegar-and-cayenne-pepper hot sauce mixed with butter. They commonly are served with celery and a blue cheese dipping sauce, which acts as a cooling agent for the mouth. A popular bar food and appetizer, wings can be

BTS: The album Wings (2016) continued that success, becoming the first of the group’s albums to debut on both the Canadian Hot 100 and the Billboard 200 charts. BTS later rereleased the songs from Wings with four additional singles under the title You Never Walk Alone (2017).

Tony Shalhoub: …Antonio Scarpacci in the series Wings (1991–97).

Norman Z. McLeod: Early work: …assist director William Wellman on Wings (1927), overseeing the aerial sequences; the war drama received an Academy Award for best picture. In 1928 McLeod cowrote the scenario for The Air Circus, which Howard Hawks directed with Lewis Seiler. That same year McLeod made his directing debut with the silent western…

Paul McCartney: Wings and solo career: …on the Run (1973) and Wings at the Speed of Sound (1976).

Peoples Temple, religious community led by Jim Jones (1931–78) that came to international attention after some 900 of its members died at their compound, Jonestown, in Guyana, in a massive act of murder-suicide on November 18, 1978. Jones began the Peoples Temple informally in the 1950s as an

Peter Falk: …Der Himmel über Berlin (1987; Wings of Desire). In addition, Falk originated the role of Mel Edison in the Broadway premiere of Neil Simon’s The Prisoner of Second Avenue (1971).

Helena Bonham Carter: …performance as Kate Croy in The Wings of the Dove (1997).

The Wings of the Dove, novel by Henry James, published in 1902. It explores one of James’s favourite themes: the cultural clash between naive Americans and sophisticated, often decadent Europeans. The story is set in London and Venice. Kate Croy is a Londoner who encourages her secret fiancé,

Papua New Guinea: Postcolonial politics: …1985 no-confidence vote brought by Paias Wingti, founder and leader of the People’s Democratic Movement (PDM) and Somare’s former deputy prime minister. Wingti’s government survived some major scandals to retain power in the 1987 elections but was itself defeated in a vote of no confidence in June 1988. The new…