Abigail Adams, orig. Abigail Smith, (born Nov. 22, 1744, Weymouth, Mass.—died Oct. 28, 1818, Quincy, Mass., U.S.), U.S. first lady. Educated entirely at home, she became an avid reader of history. She married John Adams in 1764 and raised four children, including John Quincy Adams, in Quincy, Mass. She was a prolific letter writer whose correspondence with her husband provides a vivid portrayal of life during and after the American Revolution. These letters show that Abigail played a significant role in her husband’s career. She was vocal in her support for a woman’s right to education and the abolition of slavery. As first lady, she involved herself in the debates of her day, subjecting herself to criticism from those who did not think the president’s wife should share political opinions. She and her husband were the first to live in the White House.
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