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Gallicanism
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Gallicanism Article

Gallicanism summary

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Below is the article summary. For the full article, see Gallicanism.

Gallicanism , French eccelesiastical and government policies designed to restrict the papacy’s power. It affirmed the independence of the French king in the temporal realm, the superiority of an ecumenical council over the pope, and the union of king and clergy to limit the intervention of the pope within France. Gallicanism was opposed to Ultramontanism, which championed papal authority. The doctrine was important in the medieval struggle between church and state. In 1438, after several conflicts between kings and popes, Charles VII issued the Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges, affirming that a pope was subject to a general council and that his jurisdiction was conditioned by the royal will.

Bossuet, detail of an oil painting by Hyacinthe Rigaud, 1698; in the Uffizi, Florence
Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet Summary
Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet was a bishop who was the most eloquent and influential spokesman for the rights of the French church against papal authority. He is now chiefly remembered for his literary works, including funeral panegyrics for great personages. Bossuet was born of a family of magistrates.