Idaho, State, northwestern U.S. Area: 83,569 sq mi (216,443 sq km). Population: (2020) 1,839,106; (2023 est.) 1,964,726. Capital: Boise. Idaho is bordered by Canada and the U.S. states of Montana, Wyoming, Utah, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington. It is dominated by the Rocky Mountains, which extend from the Canadian border to south-central Idaho and along the Wyoming border. Its most extensive valley surrounds the Snake River, which flows through Hells Canyon, the deepest gorge in North America. First occupied by American Indians, the region was explored by the Lewis and Clark Expedition in 1805. It was part of the disputed Oregon Country that passed to the U.S. when Britain relinquished its claims by treaty in 1846. Discovery of gold in 1860 brought an influx of settlers. It became Idaho Territory in 1863 and was admitted to the union as the 43rd state in 1890. Labour protests during 1890–1910 involving the Industrial Workers of the World erupted frequently. During the late 20th century, Idaho developed its agriculture and industry and promoted its natural wilderness.
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