forming

The fine, platy morphology of clay particles is used to advantage in the forming of clay-based ceramic products. Depending upon the amount of water added, clay-water bodies can be stiff or plastic. Plasticity arises by virtue of the plate-shaped clay particles slipping over one…

The process of forming plastics into various shapes typically involves the steps of melting, shaping, and solidifying. As an example, polyethylene pellets can be heated above T_m, placed in a mold under pressure, and cooled to below T_m in order to make the final…

…are twisted into strands (forming). (4) Three or more strands are twisted into rope (laying).

Forming processes convert solidified steel into products useful for the fabricating and construction industries. The objectives are to obtain a desired shape, to improve cast steel’s physical properties (which are not suitable for most applications), and to produce a surface suitable…