logic design

logic design, basic organization of the circuitry of a digital computer. All digital computers are based on a two-valued logic system—1/0, on/off, yes/no (see binary code). Computers perform calculations using components called logic gates (or logic circuits), which are made up of integrated circuits that receive an input signal, process it, and change it into an output signal. The components of the gates pass or block a clock pulse as it travels through them, and the output bits of the gates control other gates or output the result. Following Boolean algebra, there are three basic kinds of logic gates, called AND, which outputs 1 only if both inputs are 1; OR, which outputs 1 if either input is 1; and NOT, which outputs 1 if the input is 0 and outputs 0 if the input is 1. Other logic gates that can be constructed are NAND (NOT-AND), which outputs 1 if either input is 0; NOR (NOT-OR), which outputs 1 only if both inputs are 0; XOR (or EXOR, exclusive OR), which outputs 1 if only one input is 1; and XNOR (or EXNOR, exclusive NOR); which outputs 0 if only one input is 1. By connecting logic gates together, a device can be constructed that can perform basic arithmetic functions.