Charlie Kaufman (born November 19, 1958, New York, New York, U.S.) is an American screenwriter and director known for his offbeat films and ambitious narrative style.

Kaufman earned a B.F.A. from the Kanbar Institute of Film and Television at New York University in 1980. Prior to breaking into the film industry, he worked in the circulation department of a Minneapolis, Minnesota, newspaper. Eventually he moved to California and began writing for the quirky television situation comedy Get a Life (1990), which starred Chris Elliott as a 30-year-old paperboy.

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Kaufman continued to write television comedies throughout the early 1990s until he achieved sudden recognition for his screenplay for director Spike Jonze’s unexpectedly successful film Being John Malkovich (1999). The surreal black comedy features John Cusack as a nebbishy puppeteer who stumbles across a portal in the building where he works (on floor 7 1/2) that leads into the brain of actor John Malkovich. Kaufman’s screenplay was nominated for an Academy Award, and it won several other awards, including best original screenplay from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA). His screenplay for Adaptation (2002), again directed by Jonze, was inspired by the difficulties that he had had in adapting journalist Susan Orlean’s nonfiction book The Orchid Thief for the screen. Blurring the lines between fact and fiction, the film’s dual narrative weaves together scenes from Orlean’s book and from Kaufman’s own life, depicting his writer’s block and lampooning his initial resistance to rendering material flashy enough for Hollywood. Susan Orlean was played by Meryl Streep, while Nicolas Cage played both Charlie Kaufman and his fictitious twin brother, Donald Kaufman, who was given a cowriting credit on Adaptation’s screenplay; as a result, both Kaufman and his nonexistent brother were nominated in 2003 for an Oscar for best adapted screenplay.

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Next Kaufman wrote the screenplay for the George Clooney-directed Confessions of a Dangerous Mind (2002), which was based on the supposedly true story of the Central Intelligence Agency career of Chuck Barris, host of television’s The Gong Show. Kaufman’s screenplay for the genre-bending Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind (2004) employs a disjointed timeline to tell the story of onetime lovers (played by Jim Carrey and Kate Winslet) who undergo a scientific process that erases their memories of the relationship. It earned Kaufman his first Academy Award for best original screenplay.

In 2008 Kaufman made his directorial debut with the hugely ambitious Synecdoche, New York, an atmospheric exploration of mortality and art that is even more self-reflexive than Kaufman’s earlier work. Philip Seymour Hoffman played a physically deteriorating theatre director who embarks on the years-long development of his magnum opus, an unwieldy drama that eventually extends across a city-sized set populated by hundreds of perpetually working actors. Though the downbeat film was given mixed reviews and did not find a large audience in its theatrical release, it received several awards and some critical acclaim. Kaufman wrote and codirected the stop-motion animated Anomalisa (2015). Based on his earlier play, the film centres on a customer-service guru (David Thewlis) and the unique young woman (Jennifer Jason Leigh) he finds among the intentionally artificial, strangely similar figures populating a conference at a hotel. The film was remarked for its artful deployment of 3-D printed figurines and its eerie existentially significant use of the same actor (Tom Noonan) to voice all of the other characters. I’m Thinking of Ending Things (2020), which he adapted from a novel by Iain Reed, is ostensibly about a couple who visit the man’s parents. The unconventional thriller drew both praise and criticism for its complexity.