As the third century of professional baseball begins, the growing instability of Fidel Castro’s government in Cuba threatens to alter radically the composition of the Latin talent pool. Recent Cuban defectors such as Rey Ordóñez and Liván and Orlando (“El Duque”) Hernández are but a small sample of the wealth of players that could become available. “El Duque” has been the greatest revelation. Because of his cunning and pitching know-how, he is a throwback to Méndez, Luque, Marrero, Pascual, and Tiant, the legendary Cuban pitchers of old. But he is also a superbly conditioned athlete, the product of modern training techniques. Cuba has nearly twice the population of the Dominican Republic and a baseball tradition that goes back to the 19th century. In a very short period, Cubans could again dominate Latin baseball in the majors, though never as absolutely as they did in the 1940s and ’50s.
A sudden influx of Cuban talent to the major leagues could have an unsettling effect. Major League Baseball, the governing body of the U.S. major leagues, would need to institute a draft to regulate the flow of players from Cuba. Given the potential number of Cuban players ready to play professional baseball, the Latin presence in the majors would increase dramatically, speeding up changes that are already occurring. Major league teams already have Spanish-speaking managers and coaches throughout their systems, but their numbers would have to increase. Some of these coaches would have to act as interpreters, as former player José Cardenal did for “El Duque” Hernández during his first two years with the Yankees. Spanish coverage via radio and television will surely increase with more Latin players involved and with Latin communities, such as the one in Miami, having enough purchasing power to make a difference.
The game itself will not deviate much from the model offered by Major League Baseball. The fact that there are Latin sluggers like Sosa and Canseco and flame throwers like Armando Benítez and Mariano Rivera means the Caribbean is adapting to the game as it is played in the majors. Latin baseball was once a game of “inside baseball.” This type of baseball depends on advancing runners one base at a time via offense such as the bunt and the hit-and-run. For some time U.S. baseball has instead focused on power baseball, in which players concentrate on hitting home runs far more than on advancing a base runner with a well-hit single. Power is the foundation of the spectacle for pay, and even in communist Cuba baseball is a power game today. There is a homogenization of baseball at all levels. Even the distinctiveness of the National and American leagues is being eroded as they are subsumed under the umbrella of Major League Baseball. Umpiring has been standardized, and interleague play has been instituted. With a commissioner drawn from the ranks of the owners themselves, it is very unlikely that market forces will be thwarted by aesthetic, ethical, or political criteria, except those that benefit Major League Baseball. Having played league games in Japan, there is the possibility that Major League Baseball will become a global monopoly, with affiliated leagues throughout the world. But there is also the danger that the North American version will remain the majors and the rest of the world the minors.