Saving Private Ryan

Saving Private Ryan, American epic war film directed by Steven Spielberg and written by Robert Rodat, set in 1944 during World War II in France. The film follows a group of American soldiers dispatched to locate Pvt. James Ryan so he can return home after his three brothers have been killed in battle. Saving Private Ryan premiered in 1998 and is noted for its harrowing, realistic depiction of battle and for renewing late-20th-century interest in World War II.

Summary

Saving Private Ryan begins with an older man walking through an American military cemetery in France, trailed by his family. He becomes progressively more emotional as he walks, finally collapsing in tears in front of the gravestone he had been looking for as his family comforts him.

In a flashback, the film portrays the first wave of Allied troops landing on Omaha Beach in Nazi-occupied Normandy on D-Day, June 6, 1944, in a 24-minute scene that has been described as one of the most brutal film depictions of war. The invaders incur heavy losses, with soldiers dying onscreen in a variety of grisly and unpredictable ways. As the battle progresses, cameras follow Capt. John Miller (Tom Hanks) as he pushes dazedly through the confusion of battle. Miller and a few survivors are eventually able to breach the German fortifications, clearing the way for subsequent waves of Allied attackers.

In a U.S. War Department office, as secretaries type out a tremendous quantity of condolence letters to the families of those killed in combat, officials become aware that one family in particular, the Ryans of Iowa, are poised to experience an extraordinary loss: three of the family’s four sons have died in combat, with the last remaining son, James, currently in an unknown location behind enemy lines in France. The army officials determine that the sole surviving son must be rescued and shipped home.

Back in France, Miller receives orders to find and rescue Ryan and assembles a group of soldiers to accompany him: Mike Horvath (Tom Sizemore), Richard Reiben (Edward Burns), Adrian Caparzo (Vin Diesel), Stanley Mellish (Adam Goldberg), Daniel Jackson (Barry Pepper), Irwin Wade (Giovanni Ribisi), and Timothy Upham (Jeremy Davies), the last of whom lacks any combat experience.

They track Ryan to Neuville-au-Plain, where, during an attempt to save a young girl from a bombed-out building, Caparzo is killed by a sniper. The soldiers express anger and resentment that they have been ordered to risk their lives to rescue one soldier who is of no special strategic significance to the war effort. They encounter a soldier named James Ryan (Nathan Fillion) and think they have completed their mission, only to learn that this James Ryan is from Minnesota and is not the soldier they are looking for. They rest for a few hours in a nearby church. They then travel to a rallying point where the Iowan Ryan’s division may have ended up after landing off course, and Miller finds a soldier who knows Ryan. The soldier informs him that Ryan went to the town of Ramelle to defend a strategically important bridge.

On the way to Ramelle, they encounter a German sniper nest, and, despite protests from his men, Miller decides the group will ambush and neutralize the fortification. They are ultimately successful, but Wade is critically wounded and dies shortly thereafter. The angry troops decide to execute a surrendered German soldier in retribution for Wade’s death, but Upham and, ultimately, Miller intervene. Miller blindfolds the soldier, whom they have nicknamed Steamboat Willie (Joerg Stadler), sends him on his way, and orders him to surrender to the next Allied patrol he encounters. Furious with Miller’s decision, Reiben threatens to desert the group, leading to a tense standoff among the soldiers. Miller deescalates the situation by sharing details of his prewar life, which had been the subject of much discussion. Reiben decides not to desert, and the group travels to Ramelle.

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At Ramelle, they find Ryan (Matt Damon), who refuses to abandon the bridge defense or leave his fellow soldiers. Miller decides his group will stay with Ryan’s and help hold the bridge against approaching German forces. Severely outmatched in terms of troops and weaponry, the American soldiers devise a creative defense strategy, which allows them to hold off the German forces until Allied reinforcements arrive. Before the reinforcements arrive, however, Jackson, Horvath, and Mellish are killed in combat, and Steamboat Willie returns, fighting alongside the Germans, and fatally shoots Miller. As he dies on the bridge, reinforcements streaming in around him, Miller tells Ryan to earn the sacrifice he and the other soldiers made to save him.

Back at the French cemetery, the older man is revealed to be Ryan visiting Miller’s grave. He asks his wife to reassure him that he is a good man who has lived a good life, which she does.

Real-life inspiration

Saving Private Ryan was inspired by the stories of military families who sustained the loss of several members during World War II. After the 1942 sinking by Japanese torpedoes of the USS Juneau, on which at least 30 sets of brothers were serving, during the Battle of Guadalcanal, the U.S. War Department instituted a directive called the “sole-survivor policy,” which was designed to prevent families from losing all of their sons in the war.

The film is loosely based on a 1944 application of the sole-survivor policy in which the U.S. War Department recalled paratrooper Frederick Niland, believed to be the lone survivor of four Niland sons, who all fought in the war, and removed him from combat to spare his parents the pain of the death of all of their sons. Later, one of Niland’s brothers, who was believed to be dead, was released from a Burmese prisoner of war (POW) camp and returned home before the end of the war. The directive has since been codified into law and has evolved to cover a broader range of circumstances but now only applies in peacetime.

Fighting scenes

Feeling that most World War II movies “sanitized” the experience of war, Spielberg prioritized the creation of battle sequences that accurately portrayed the brutality and chaos of combat and made audiences feel as though they were participating themselves. To prepare for these battle sequences, Spielberg put most of the principal actors through six days of military-style boot camp training. Spielberg shot the movie almost entirely in narrative order, so the actors could more closely experience the devastation of the gradual death of their entire squad as the mission progressed.

Widely praised for its realism and technical mastery, the film’s Omaha Beach sequence used $12 million of the $65 million production budget to film and required the labor of some 1,500 people. Spielberg did not storyboard the sequence in advance and instructed camera operators using handheld devices to run alongside the actors and film whatever caught their attention. The opening battle scene was shot on a beach in Ireland, and many of the extras were Irish military reservists. Although computer-generated imagery (CGI) elements, such as digital doubles, bullets, and body parts, were added to the footage in postproduction, the Omaha Beach sequence relied heavily on practical effects, which included prop weapons equipped with sensors set up to trigger the detonation of squibs (devices used to simulate the impacts of gunshots or explosions) on intended targets.

Many World War II veterans who watched the movie reported that they found the combat scenes to be incredibly realistic, even going as far as triggering their post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs set up a nationwide hotline for veterans affected by the film.

Reception

Saving Private Ryan was critically acclaimed for its realistic and unflinching portrayal of the terror of war. Many reviewers also praised Hanks’s performance. Some critics, however, found the script conventional, clichéd, and sentimental. The film was a commercial success, grossing more than $480 million worldwide, making it the second highest-grossing film of 1998. Saving Private Ryan won five Academy Awards, including the award for best director, and the film has been credited with renewing interest in World War II at the turn of the 21st century and inspiring many of the war films that followed it.

Production notes and credits

• Studios: DreamWorks Pictures, Paramount Pictures, and Amblin Entertainment
• Director: Steven Spielberg
• Producers: Steven Spielberg, Ian Bryce, Mark Gordon, and Gary Levinsohn
• Screenplay: Robert Rodat
• Cinematography: Janusz Kamiński
• Music: John Williams
• Editing: Michael Kahn
• Visual Effects: Industrial Light & Magic
• Running time: 169 minutes

Main cast

• Tom Hanks (John Miller)
• Edward Burns (Richard Reiben)
• Tom Sizemore (Mike Horvath)
• Jeremy Davies (Timothy Upham)
• Vin Diesel (Adrian Caparzo)
• Adam Goldberg (Stanley Mellish)
• Barry Pepper (Daniel Jackson)
• Giovanni Ribisi (Irwin Wade)
• Matt Damon (James Ryan)
• Ted Danson (Fred Hamill)