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What is the main plot of Sholay?

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Sholay, landmark Indian film, released in 1975. Directed by Ramesh Sippy, written by the renowned duo of Salim Khan and Javed Akhtar (Salim-Javed), and starring an ensemble cast including Amitabh Bachchan, Dharmendra, and Hema Malini, Sholay (“Embers”) held the record for highest-grossing Hindi movie for 19 years. It places stylistic flourishes imported from international cinema within the Bollywood framework of exaggerated plot devices and high emotional stakes. By turns atmospheric and absurd and never less than evocative, Sholay is widely regarded as epochal.

Sholay began as a four-line concept by writers Salim-Javed, who pitched the premise of two lovable guns for hire to producer G.P. Sippy and his son Ramesh Sippy. The full screenplay contained plot devices and other elements inspired by Hollywood productions such as The Magnificent Seven (1960) and Once Upon a Time in the West (1968); these were fired in the Bollywood crucible to create a “curry western.” Despite several derivative scenes, Sholay is greater than the sum of its parts. By fusing archetypal Indian themes with an existing cinematic stencil of visual references, Sholay reinvented Hindi filmmaking and is considered an evolutionary milestone in Bollywood.

Characters and plot summary

The main roles in the film include:

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  • Jai (Amitabh Bachchan): taciturn, brooding, sarcastic, and loyal; petty criminal who finds his conscience while hunting Gabbar Singh
  • Veeru (Dharmendra): quick to laugh and love, devoted to Jai; petty criminal who finds love during the quest against Gabbar Singh
  • Gabbar Singh (Amjad Khan, in his debut): dacoit (a term for armed bandits used on the Indian subcontinent) leader of incredible brutality
  • Thakur Baldev Singh (Sanjeev Kumar): former cop and landowner in the village of Ramgarh; lost his arms and most of his family to Gabbar
  • Basanti (Hema Malini): talkative horse-and-cart driver; Veeru’s romantic interest
  • Radha (Jaya Bachchan [credited as Bhaduri]): Thakur’s daughter-in-law, tormented by survivor’s guilt; Jai’s romantic interest

Other small but significant roles include members of Gabbar’s gang, among them Kaalia and Sambha, the imam of Ramgarh and his son Ahmed (who is murdered by the dacoits), Thakur’s retainer, or domestic worker, Ramlal, Jai and Veeru’s former prison warden, a timber merchant called Soorma Bhopali, and Basanti’s formidable aunt, whose permission Veeru needs to win his beloved’s hand.

Like many Bollywood releases, Sholay is lengthy, with a run time of more than three hours. In essence, it is an action-thriller punctuated with romantic, musical, and comic interludes. Its central plot follows Jai and Veeru, best friends and petty criminals who are hired by former police officer Thakur Baldev Singh to capture the dreaded dacoit Gabbar Singh, who is terrorizing Thakur’s village, Ramgarh. Thakur and Gabbar have a violent history. Thakur had once caught and jailed Gabbar, after which Gabbar broke out of prison and massacred Thakur’s family. The only survivors were those not present at the time of the attack: Thakur’s daughter-in-law, the faithful family retainer, and Thakur himself, whose arms were hacked off by Gabbar, as depicted in one of the film’s most searing scenes.

Along the way, Jai and Veeru fall in love—Jai with Thakur’s widowed daughter-in-law, Radha, and Veeru with Ramgarh’s feisty horse-and-cart driver, Basanti. After various aggressive encounters with Gabbar, Jai and Veeru ultimately prevail. In the climax fight scene, Jai sacrifices himself to save Veeru and Basanti, and Thakur kicks Gabbar almost to death before turning him over to the police.

Genre and themes

Sholay represents a watershed in Bollywood. Previous landmark films included social dramas, such as Pyaasa (1957; “Thirsty”), and tragic romances, such as Mughal-e-Azam (1960; “The Grand Mughal”). The nonconformist Sholay transcends genres: at once a dacoit drama, an action-thriller, a buddy film, a comedy, a romance, a tragedy, and a morality tale, Sholay is all things to all fans.

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Did You Know?

In the original ending of Sholay, Thakur Baldev Singh kills Gabbar Singh by kicking and trampling on him. India’s censor board objected to the glorification of vigilantism, and the scene was changed such that Thakur turns Gabbar in to the police instead of killing him.

Retribution eventually overtakes Gabbar, but Sholay is not merely a tale of the triumph of virtue over evil—instead, it boils over with subversive subtext. The deceptively simple theme of crime and punishment is complicated by the antiestablishment nature of the film’s extrajudicial mission and the figures who undertake it: Jai and Veeru are rebels who find a cause and a conscience, and the upright Thakur is an unconventional representation of dissent and disaffection. Romantic love, an important narrative strand, is presented in two conflicting ideals: a happy ending for the boisterous Veeru and bubbly Basanti and Jai’s doomed, mostly silent relationship with Radha.

A variety of subplots interface with the primary thread. Basanti revels in her unconventional profession (horse-pulled carts, a form of rural transportation, were mainly driven by men) and is presented as a feminist figure. Thakur persuades Radha’s father to approve of the socially progressive remarriage of his widowed daughter. Religious harmony is promoted through the interactions between the imam, his son, and the Hindu villagers.

Sholay’s depiction of villainy was nothing less than revolutionary when the film was released. The rustic Gabbar, a departure from the sophisticated reprobates in previous Hindi films, is brutal in the extreme, killing his own gang members with as much ruthlessness as he does Thakur’s grandson. Yet Sholay is not a gory film—its violence is stylized and in many instances implied rather than shown outright, such as the murder of the imam’s son, symbolized by Gabbar’s swatting a bug. The suggestion of ferocity transforms the dacoit into such a menacing a character that, as he boasts in the film, parents use the specter of Gabbar Singh to discipline errant children.

Release and reception

Sholay was released on a Friday, as most Indian films are; but this was no ordinary Friday—it was August 15, celebrated annually as the anniversary of India’s 1947 independence from British rule. Disappointingly, Sholay began not with a bang but a whimper. Business was so slow that an emergency meeting was convened over the first weekend to discuss if a reshoot was needed to have Bachchan’s character, Jai, survive. However, as Bachchan related in Angry Young Men (a docuseries on Salim-Javed; 2024), director Ramesh Sippy decided to wait till Monday:

So we waited and we didn’t go to reshoot that scene. And thank god, because after Monday it became history.

The first intimations of immortality arrived when the film’s sales team reported hearing Sholay’s dialogue on the streets of Mumbai. In the several years after its initial release, Sholay collected 30 crore rupees (more than $350 million in 2025 dollars), dethroning Mughal-e-Azam as Bollywood’s highest-earning film until it was in turn displaced by Salman Khan’s Hum Aapke Hain Koun..! (1994; “Who Am I to You?”).

Legacy

Sholay won just a single Filmfare Award (for best editing); it was eclipsed by Deewaar, also written by Salim-Javed, who won for best story, screenplay, and dialogue.

Of Sholay’s many iconic characters, none is more ingrained in the collective Indian consciousness than Gabbar Singh. In Angry Young Men Javed Akhtar ascribed this to the viewer’s subconscious admiration for the dacoit’s “total freedom from morality.” Many of Gabbar’s lines are now embedded in the lexicon of Indian popular culture, including:

Yeh haath humko de de, Thakur.” (“Give me these arms, Thakur.”)

Kitney aadmi they?” (“How many men were there?”)

Ab tera kya hoga, Kaalia?” (“What will happen to you now, Kaalia?”)

Jo darr gaya, samjho mar gaya.” (“If you are scared, consider yourself dead.”)

“Holi kab hai? Kab hai Holi? Kab?” (“When is Holi? When?”)

Several scenes of comic relief also resonate, among them a scene in which an inebriated Veeru climbs the local water reservoir and threatens to jump if he is prevented from marrying Basanti. Sholay’s songs, in addition to effectively advancing the film’s narrative, became chartbusters—“Yeh Dosti” (“This Friendship”), which underscores Jai and Veeru riding a motorbike, celebrates their bond; a song set against the festival of Holi ends with Gabbar’s gang storming Ramgarh; in “Jab Tak Hain Jaan” (“As Long as I Live”), Basanti dances at Gabbar’s behest for the sake of a captive Veeru.

In the intervening decades since Sholay’s release, Bollywood filmmaking has progressed in both storytelling finesse and technical proficiency. Yet no other film has been able to similarly capture public imagination.

Gitanjali Roy

Original name:
Harihar Jethalal Jariwala
Also called:
Haribhai
Born:
July 9, 1938, Surat, India
Died:
November 6, 1985, Bombay (now Mumbai)
Awards And Honors:
Filmfare Awards
Top Questions

What was Sanjeev Kumar’s original name?

What role did Sanjeev Kumar play in the film Sholay?

What is the distinguishing feature of Sanjeev Kumar’s career?

What was Sanjeev Kumar’s relationship with Hema Malini?

Sanjeev Kumar (born July 9, 1938, Surat, India—died November 6, 1985, Bombay (now Mumbai)) was an Indian actor who worked chiefly in Bollywood films. He is regarded as one of the most versatile actors in Hindi cinema and is especially known for his compelling portrayals of characters much older than himself. His most memorable performances include his portrayal of Thakur Baldev Singh in the seminal Sholay (1975; “Embers”) and a dual role in the comedy Angoor (1982; “The Grape”). He appeared in films in languages other than Hindi, including his native Gujarati.

Early career

Harihar Jethalal Jariwala was born in Surat (now in Gujarat) but grew up in Bombay (now Mumbai), where his family had moved. He began his acting career on stage and worked in Gujarati-language plays before joining the influential Indian People’s Theatre Association (IPTA). Despite being in his 20s, his first role was that of a much older man, setting a pattern for his movie career.

Sometime in these early years he adopted the screen name of Sanjeev Kumar. He made his film debut in Hum Hindustani (1960; “We the Indians”), playing a minor role. His first film as a lead actor was Nishan (1965; “Identification Mark”), and he appeared in a handful of other films in the late 1960s. His first big success was Khilona (1970; “Toy”), through which he came to national attention. The 1970s were prolific and creative years for Kumar, who balanced drama, such as Naya Din Nayi Raat (1974; “New Day, New Night”) in which he played nine roles, with breezy romantic fare, such as Seeta Aur Geeta (1972; “Seeta and Geeta”) and Manchali (1973; “Mischievous”).

Stardom and Sholay

A Political Storm

Aandhi, believed to be a fictionalized version of Indian prime minister Indira Gandhi’s life, was banned shortly after it released in 1975 during the Emergency. It was rereleased in 1977 after the Emergency ended and Gandhi was voted out. Kumar played the estranged husband of the politician at the center of the plot, played by Bengali actress Suchitra Sen.

Kumar’s talent was showcased in several films directed by acclaimed writer and filmmaker Gulzar. Kumar played older characters in four of Gulzar’s films—Parichay (1972; “Introduction”), Koshish (1972; “Effort”), Aandhi (1975; “Storm”), and Mausam (1975; “Season”)—and brought a gravitas far beyond his actual years to his performances. Gulzar also cast Kumar in the light-hearted Angoor, based on Shakespeare’s The Comedy of Errors. Kumar played a dual role in the film, regarded as a classic among Bollywood comedies.

In 1975 Kumar played a pivotal role in Sholay, which is considered the definitive Hindi film. Sholay was directed by Ramesh Sippy, written by Salim-Javed, and costarred Amitabh Bachchan, Dharmendra, Hema Malini, Amjad Khan, and Jaya Bachchan (credited as Bhaduri). Kumar was cast as Thakur Baldev Singh, a former police officer whose arms were hacked off and family massacred by bandit leader Gabbar Singh (Khan). Thakur, as the character is called in the film, hires two petty criminals, Jai (Bachchan) and Veeru (Dharmendra) to capture Gabbar Singh. In Sholay’s memorable climactic scene, Thakur kicks Gabbar Singh almost to death before giving him up to the police.

Versatility

Kumar was singular among other male stars of his time—he refused to limit himself to traditional lead roles. Some of his most successful performances were as supporting characters, often in films starring Bachchan as the male lead, such as Trishul (1978; “Trident”) and Silsila (1981; “Continuation”). In Trishul Kumar played a businessman who abandons his pregnant girlfriend and is later confronted by his illegitimate son. He appeared as an unsuspecting husband in Silsila’s examination of marital infidelity.

Kumar’s range is best displayed in two very disparate films from his later career. He reunited with his Sholay costar Amjad Khan in Satyajit Ray’s acclaimed Shatranj Ke Khilari (1978; “The Chess Players”), set in colonial Lucknow against the impending ouster of the ruler of Awadh (part of present-day Uttar Pradesh), Wajid Ali Shah (Khan), by British forces. Kumar and costar Saeed Jaffrey played noblemen devoted to their game of chess, oblivious to the political turmoil surrounding them. In the comedic yet complex Pati Patni Aur Woh (1978; “Husband, Wife, and Mistress”), he played a philandering husband increasingly entangled in his own web of deception.

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Death and legacy

Kumar died in 1985, at the age of 47, of a heart attack. He never married but had reportedly proposed marriage to Hema Malini, his costar in Seeta Aur Geeta and Sholay, who eventually married Dharmendra. Kumar won two National Film Awards for best actor (Dastak [released 1970, won 1971; “Knock”] and Koshish [won 1973]) and three Filmfare Awards—one for best supporting actor (Shikar [released 1968, won 1969; “Prey”]) and two for best actor (Aandhi [won 1976] and Arjun Pandit [released 1976, won 1977]).

Gitanjali Roy