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What is the main plot of Sholay?

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Sholay, landmark Indian film, released in 1975. Directed by Ramesh Sippy, written by the renowned duo of Salim Khan and Javed Akhtar (Salim-Javed), and starring an ensemble cast including Amitabh Bachchan, Dharmendra, and Hema Malini, Sholay (“Embers”) held the record for highest-grossing Hindi movie for 19 years. It places stylistic flourishes imported from international cinema within the Bollywood framework of exaggerated plot devices and high emotional stakes. By turns atmospheric and absurd and never less than evocative, Sholay is widely regarded as epochal.

Sholay began as a four-line concept by writers Salim-Javed, who pitched the premise of two lovable guns for hire to producer G.P. Sippy and his son Ramesh Sippy. The full screenplay contained plot devices and other elements inspired by Hollywood productions such as The Magnificent Seven (1960) and Once Upon a Time in the West (1968); these were fired in the Bollywood crucible to create a “curry western.” Despite several derivative scenes, Sholay is greater than the sum of its parts. By fusing archetypal Indian themes with an existing cinematic stencil of visual references, Sholay reinvented Hindi filmmaking and is considered an evolutionary milestone in Bollywood.

Characters and plot summary

The main roles in the film include:

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  • Jai (Amitabh Bachchan): taciturn, brooding, sarcastic, and loyal; petty criminal who finds his conscience while hunting Gabbar Singh
  • Veeru (Dharmendra): quick to laugh and love, devoted to Jai; petty criminal who finds love during the quest against Gabbar Singh
  • Gabbar Singh (Amjad Khan, in his debut): dacoit (a term for armed bandits used on the Indian subcontinent) leader of incredible brutality
  • Thakur Baldev Singh (Sanjeev Kumar): former cop and landowner in the village of Ramgarh; lost his arms and most of his family to Gabbar
  • Basanti (Hema Malini): talkative horse-and-cart driver; Veeru’s romantic interest
  • Radha (Jaya Bachchan [credited as Bhaduri]): Thakur’s daughter-in-law, tormented by survivor’s guilt; Jai’s romantic interest

Other small but significant roles include members of Gabbar’s gang, among them Kaalia and Sambha, the imam of Ramgarh and his son Ahmed (who is murdered by the dacoits), Thakur’s retainer, or domestic worker, Ramlal, Jai and Veeru’s former prison warden, a timber merchant called Soorma Bhopali, and Basanti’s formidable aunt, whose permission Veeru needs to win his beloved’s hand.

Like many Bollywood releases, Sholay is lengthy, with a run time of more than three hours. In essence, it is an action-thriller punctuated with romantic, musical, and comic interludes. Its central plot follows Jai and Veeru, best friends and petty criminals who are hired by former police officer Thakur Baldev Singh to capture the dreaded dacoit Gabbar Singh, who is terrorizing Thakur’s village, Ramgarh. Thakur and Gabbar have a violent history. Thakur had once caught and jailed Gabbar, after which Gabbar broke out of prison and massacred Thakur’s family. The only survivors were those not present at the time of the attack: Thakur’s daughter-in-law, the faithful family retainer, and Thakur himself, whose arms were hacked off by Gabbar, as depicted in one of the film’s most searing scenes.

Along the way, Jai and Veeru fall in love—Jai with Thakur’s widowed daughter-in-law, Radha, and Veeru with Ramgarh’s feisty horse-and-cart driver, Basanti. After various aggressive encounters with Gabbar, Jai and Veeru ultimately prevail. In the climax fight scene, Jai sacrifices himself to save Veeru and Basanti, and Thakur kicks Gabbar almost to death before turning him over to the police.

Genre and themes

Sholay represents a watershed in Bollywood. Previous landmark films included social dramas, such as Pyaasa (1957; “Thirsty”), and tragic romances, such as Mughal-e-Azam (1960; “The Grand Mughal”). The nonconformist Sholay transcends genres: at once a dacoit drama, an action-thriller, a buddy film, a comedy, a romance, a tragedy, and a morality tale, Sholay is all things to all fans.

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Did You Know?

In the original ending of Sholay, Thakur Baldev Singh kills Gabbar Singh by kicking and trampling on him. India’s censor board objected to the glorification of vigilantism, and the scene was changed such that Thakur turns Gabbar in to the police instead of killing him.

Retribution eventually overtakes Gabbar, but Sholay is not merely a tale of the triumph of virtue over evil—instead, it boils over with subversive subtext. The deceptively simple theme of crime and punishment is complicated by the antiestablishment nature of the film’s extrajudicial mission and the figures who undertake it: Jai and Veeru are rebels who find a cause and a conscience, and the upright Thakur is an unconventional representation of dissent and disaffection. Romantic love, an important narrative strand, is presented in two conflicting ideals: a happy ending for the boisterous Veeru and bubbly Basanti and Jai’s doomed, mostly silent relationship with Radha.

A variety of subplots interface with the primary thread. Basanti revels in her unconventional profession (horse-pulled carts, a form of rural transportation, were mainly driven by men) and is presented as a feminist figure. Thakur persuades Radha’s father to approve of the socially progressive remarriage of his widowed daughter. Religious harmony is promoted through the interactions between the imam, his son, and the Hindu villagers.

Sholay’s depiction of villainy was nothing less than revolutionary when the film was released. The rustic Gabbar, a departure from the sophisticated reprobates in previous Hindi films, is brutal in the extreme, killing his own gang members with as much ruthlessness as he does Thakur’s grandson. Yet Sholay is not a gory film—its violence is stylized and in many instances implied rather than shown outright, such as the murder of the imam’s son, symbolized by Gabbar’s swatting a bug. The suggestion of ferocity transforms the dacoit into such a menacing a character that, as he boasts in the film, parents use the specter of Gabbar Singh to discipline errant children.

Release and reception

Sholay was released on a Friday, as most Indian films are; but this was no ordinary Friday—it was August 15, celebrated annually as the anniversary of India’s 1947 independence from British rule. Disappointingly, Sholay began not with a bang but a whimper. Business was so slow that an emergency meeting was convened over the first weekend to discuss if a reshoot was needed to have Bachchan’s character, Jai, survive. However, as Bachchan related in Angry Young Men (a docuseries on Salim-Javed; 2024), director Ramesh Sippy decided to wait till Monday:

So we waited and we didn’t go to reshoot that scene. And thank god, because after Monday it became history.

The first intimations of immortality arrived when the film’s sales team reported hearing Sholay’s dialogue on the streets of Mumbai. In the several years after its initial release, Sholay collected 30 crore rupees (more than $350 million in 2025 dollars), dethroning Mughal-e-Azam as Bollywood’s highest-earning film until it was in turn displaced by Salman Khan’s Hum Aapke Hain Koun..! (1994; “Who Am I to You?”).

Legacy

Sholay won just a single Filmfare Award (for best editing); it was eclipsed by Deewaar, also written by Salim-Javed, who won for best story, screenplay, and dialogue.

Of Sholay’s many iconic characters, none is more ingrained in the collective Indian consciousness than Gabbar Singh. In Angry Young Men Javed Akhtar ascribed this to the viewer’s subconscious admiration for the dacoit’s “total freedom from morality.” Many of Gabbar’s lines are now embedded in the lexicon of Indian popular culture, including:

Yeh haath humko de de, Thakur.” (“Give me these arms, Thakur.”)

Kitney aadmi they?” (“How many men were there?”)

Ab tera kya hoga, Kaalia?” (“What will happen to you now, Kaalia?”)

Jo darr gaya, samjho mar gaya.” (“If you are scared, consider yourself dead.”)

“Holi kab hai? Kab hai Holi? Kab?” (“When is Holi? When?”)

Several scenes of comic relief also resonate, among them a scene in which an inebriated Veeru climbs the local water reservoir and threatens to jump if he is prevented from marrying Basanti. Sholay’s songs, in addition to effectively advancing the film’s narrative, became chartbusters—“Yeh Dosti” (“This Friendship”), which underscores Jai and Veeru riding a motorbike, celebrates their bond; a song set against the festival of Holi ends with Gabbar’s gang storming Ramgarh; in “Jab Tak Hain Jaan” (“As Long as I Live”), Basanti dances at Gabbar’s behest for the sake of a captive Veeru.

In the intervening decades since Sholay’s release, Bollywood filmmaking has progressed in both storytelling finesse and technical proficiency. Yet no other film has been able to similarly capture public imagination.

Gitanjali Roy

Quick Facts
Also called:
Jaya Bhaduri
Born:
April 9, 1948, Jabalpur, Central Provinces and Berar [now Madhya Pradesh], India
Title / Office:
Rajya Sabha (2004-), India
Political Affiliation:
Samajwadi Party
Top Questions

Who is Jaya Bachchan?

What was Jaya Bachchan’s early life and education like?

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Jaya Bachchan (born April 9, 1948, Jabalpur, Central Provinces and Berar [now Madhya Pradesh], India) is an Indian actress and politician known for her significant contributions to Bollywood and her active role in Indian politics. Despite a relatively brief acting career as a leading lady, Jaya Bachchan (née Bhaduri) starred in numerous critically and commercially successful films. She continues to take on supporting roles in contemporary films. In recognition of her achievements, she was honored with the Padma Shri, one of India’s highest civilian honors, in 1992.

Early life and education

Did You Know?

In 1982, when Amitabh Bachchan sustained a near-fatal injury on the set of Coolie (1983)—an incident that sparked nationwide concern and even prompted a visit from Prime Minister Indira Gandhi—Jaya Bachchan reportedly walked barefoot to Mumbai’s Shree Siddhivinayak Ganpati Temple every day, praying for his recovery.

Bhaduri was born into a Bengali family in Jabalpur, Central Provinces and Berar (present-day Madhya Pradesh), to Tarun Kumar Bhaduri, a renowned poet and journalist, and his wife, Indira Bhaduri. She completed her schooling from St. Joseph’s Convent Senior Secondary School in Bhopal. Bhaduri graduated as a gold medalist from the Film and Television Institute of India (FTII), Pune.

Personal life

Bhaduri met Amitabh Bachchan on the set of Guddi (1971; “The Darling One”), when she was already an established star and he was a newcomer with little recognition. While she was known for charming audiences with the unaffected simplicity of her acting style, he stood at the cusp of a career that would soon reshape Indian cinema. They fell in love and subsequently married in 1973. Bachchan chose to retain her maiden name for her acting career. Her father recounted in an article written in 1989 that Amitabh Bachchan had once defended her right to be credited by her maiden name on film posters:

“Of course, she is a Bachchan, but you should know that in the industry and professionally, she is more famous as Jaya Bhaduri.”

As their family grew with the birth of their children, Shweta Bachchan and Abhishek Bachchan, Jaya Bachchan decided to step back from her acting career to focus on her family. Their son, Abhishek Bachchan, daughter-in-law Aishwarya Rai Bachchan, and grandson Agastya Nanda (son of Shweta Bachchan and businessman Nikhil Nanda) are actors as well.

Acting career

Bachchan made her acting debut at age 15 in the acclaimed Bengali film Mahanagar (1963; “The Big City”), directed by Satyajit Ray. She played a supporting role in the movie and developed the naturalistic acting style she became known for. Her Bollywood breakthrough came with Guddi (1971; “The Darling One”), directed by Hrishikesh Mukherjee, where she played the titular role of a schoolgirl who idolizes a film star (actor Dharmendra, playing himself). Guddi was the first of a series of “girl next door” roles that became Bachchan’s specialty. The simplicity of her screen presence offered a lively contrast to the glamour of actresses such as Zeenat Aman and Parveen Babi, who dominated Bollywood in the 1970s. She went on to become a key figure in shaping India’s middle cinema, a type of filmmaking that portrays ordinary, everyday characters and settings on the big screen.

Jaya Bachchan in a song titled “Piya Bina Piya Bina” from the film Abhimaan (1973; “Pride”).

Throughout the 1970s Bachchan delivered a series of memorable performances in films such as Uphaar (1971; “Gift”), Koshish (1972; “Effort”), and Kora Kagaz (1974; “Plain Paper”). Her collaborations with Amitabh Bachchan were particularly notable. Together, they starred in successful films such as Zanjeer (1973; “Chain”), Abhimaan (1973; “Pride”), Chupke Chupke (1975; “Quietly”), Mili (1975), and the iconic Sholay (1975; “Embers”).

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Silsila (1981; “Dilemma”) was the last movie Bachchan worked on before taking a hiatus from acting to focus on her family. She returned to Bollywood with Hazaar Chaurasi Ki Maa (1998; “The Mother of 1084”), as a mother whose son is killed by police during the Naxalite movement of the 1970s, earning critical acclaim. She featured in supporting roles in films such as Fiza (2000; “Air”), Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham (2001; “Sometimes Happiness, Sometimes Sadness”), and Kal Ho Naa Ho (2003; “Tomorrow May Never Come”). More recently, she played a supporting character in Rocky Aur Rani Kii Prem Kahaani (2023; “The Love Story of Rocky and Rani”) alongside Bollywood stars Alia Bhatt and Ranveer Singh.

Bachchan has been the recipient of many Filmfare Awards in her acting career.

  • Best actress (1974): Abhimaan (“Pride”)
  • Best actress (1975): Kora Kagaz (“Blank Paper”)
  • Best actress (1980): Nauker (“Servant”)
  • Special award (1998)
  • Best supporting actress (2001): Fiza (“Air”)
  • Best supporting actress (2002): Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham (“Sometimes Happiness, Sometimes Sadness”)
  • Best supporting actress (2004): Kal Ho Naa Ho (“Tomorrow May Never Come”)

Political career

Bachchan joined the Samajwadi Party in 2004 and was elected to the Rajya Sabha (the upper house of the Indian Parliament). In 2006 she was disqualified for holding an office of profit (at the time she was chair of the Uttar Pradesh Film Development Council). She was reelected the same year; by 2025 she had served five terms as a lawmaker. In the Rajya Sabha sessions she advocated for various social and cultural issues such as women’s rights, criminalization of marital rape, and mental health issues.

Tamanna Nangia