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heraldry
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major reference
- In heraldry: Banners and standards
Arms in the Middle Ages were often displayed on fork-tailed pennons attached to lances. If the forked ends were cut away, the resulting flag was similar in shape to a small banner. Especially valorous conduct could be recognized in that way, and…
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design and use
- In flag: Forms and functions
Banners were square or oblong and were borne in action (as the standard was not) before royal and noble warriors down to the rank of knight banneret. Those again bore the personal or family device. The guidon (a word derived from the French guyd-homme) was…
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