sale

The sale is the most common commercial transaction. All the rights that the seller has in a specific object are transferred to the buyer in return for the latter’s paying the purchase price to the seller. The objects that may thus be…

In Anglo-American law three things must be established about a conveyance before the law applicable to it can be determined: (1) whether it is a sale or a gift, (2) whether it is of personal (movable) or real (immovable) property, and (3) whether it…

In general, land ownership in China cannot be privately transferred, since all land is owned by the public, either the state or the community. Only the right to use land and assets situated on the land are subject to…

Mancipatio, or formal transfer of property, involved a ceremonial conveyance needing for its accomplishment the presence of the transferor and transferee, five witnesses (adult male Roman citizens), a pair of scales, a man to hold them, and an ingot of copper or bronze. The transferee grasped the object…

…crime or debt, others were sold into slavery by their parents, other relatives, or even spouses, sometimes to satisfy debts, sometimes to escape starvation. A variant on the selling of children was the exposure, either real or fictitious, of unwanted children, who were then rescued by others and made slaves.…

Muscovy in 1597 prevented self-sale into slavery from becoming hereditary by mandating manumission of such slaves on their owners’ deaths.