How does microgravity affect life in space?
How does microgravity affect life in space?
Various aspects of life in microgravity and how it is simulated on Earth.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Transcript
[Narrator] On Earth, leaves fall to the ground; waterfalls pour over rocks; everything responds to gravity. The Earth's gravity makes this so. "Up" and "down" are clear to see, always with regard to gravity.
But what if that gravity all but went away? What if there was only microgravity?
[Launch pad engineer] "Five, four, three, two, one. Ignition. And liftoff!"
[Narrator] Microgravity is defined as a tiny portion of the gravity we know on Earth: only 1 one-thousandth as strong. In microgravity, people feel so little gravity they are practically weightless.
In space, microgravity means there's no need to walk. One can float through a space station, pushing one's self along. Liquids don't pour, because pouring depends on gravity to make liquid fall. Instead, liquids turn into blobs in air. And because the human body doesn't have to fight gravity, astronauts must exercise to stay fit. Without exercise, their bones, muscles, and hearts would weaken after more than two weeks in space.
You can simulate microgravity on Earth, using a special plane and flight path. The pilot flies the plane in a ballistic trajectory: the path and speed it would take as if it were fired from a cannon. Inside, passengers "fall" through the flight path just as the plane does. So they experience a condition like weightlessness while the plane follows the ballistic path.
But astronauts experience that all the time in orbit. The path of an orbit is always falling around the Earth. Their orbit is like one long ballistic shot so strong, it endlessly circles the planet. For them, microgravity is a fact of life.
But what if that gravity all but went away? What if there was only microgravity?
[Launch pad engineer] "Five, four, three, two, one. Ignition. And liftoff!"
[Narrator] Microgravity is defined as a tiny portion of the gravity we know on Earth: only 1 one-thousandth as strong. In microgravity, people feel so little gravity they are practically weightless.
In space, microgravity means there's no need to walk. One can float through a space station, pushing one's self along. Liquids don't pour, because pouring depends on gravity to make liquid fall. Instead, liquids turn into blobs in air. And because the human body doesn't have to fight gravity, astronauts must exercise to stay fit. Without exercise, their bones, muscles, and hearts would weaken after more than two weeks in space.
You can simulate microgravity on Earth, using a special plane and flight path. The pilot flies the plane in a ballistic trajectory: the path and speed it would take as if it were fired from a cannon. Inside, passengers "fall" through the flight path just as the plane does. So they experience a condition like weightlessness while the plane follows the ballistic path.
But astronauts experience that all the time in orbit. The path of an orbit is always falling around the Earth. Their orbit is like one long ballistic shot so strong, it endlessly circles the planet. For them, microgravity is a fact of life.