The Best Movies of All Time

Encyclopædia Britannica strives to be an authoritative source on subjects from Aa to ZZ Top, but which movies are the best of all time is, obviously, a personal aesthetic judgment and not one that we at Britannica could comfortably pass on to our readers. Therefore listed here are attempts by some prominent sources on film and entertainment to determine which movies are the best.

High art: The Sight & Sound poll

The best-known attempt to form a definitive list of the best movies of all time is a survey conducted every 10 years by the British Film Institute’s Sight & Sound magazine. The poll was inspired by one taken by Belgium’s World Festival of Films and Fine Arts in 1952. In that poll more than 100 filmmakers, including Orson Welles, Robert Bresson, David Lean, and Cecil B. DeMille (who voted for four of his own films), were asked for their top 10 films. Sergei Eisenstein’s drama of revolt aboard a Russian ship, Battleship Potemkin (1925), won. Later that year Sight & Sound conducted its own poll of 85 film critics, and the winner was a more contemporary film, Vittorio De Sica’s Neorealist tragedy Bicycle Thieves (1948), which had come in third in the Belgian directors’ poll.

The Sight & Sound poll has grown through the decades. In the 2022 iteration, “1,639 participating critics, programmers, curators, archivists and academics” worldwide submitted ballots for the best 10 films of all time. Beginning in 1992 directors were polled separately, and in 2022, 480 submitted ballots. More than 4,000 films received votes, and the works ranged over the entire history of cinema, from one of the earliest experiments with moving pictures, W.K.L. Dickson and William Heise’s Monkeyshines, No. 1 (1890), to newer commercial releases such as Jordan Peele’s Nope (2022). The films that ranked in the top 10 in either the directors’ or critics’ poll are listed in the table below.

2022 Sight & Sound poll

	rank	title	year	director	starring	summary
	1 (critics), 4 (directors)	Jeanne Dielman, 23 Quai du Commerce, 1080 Bruxelles	1975	Chantal Akerman	Delphine Seyrig, Jan Decorte, Henri Storck	A Belgian housewife’s (Seyrig) breakdown over three days is depicted with long takes and little camera movement.
	1 (directors), 6 (critics)	2001: A Space Odyssey	1968	Stanley Kubrick	Keir Dullea, Gary Lockwood, William Sylvester, Douglas Rain	A space mission to Jupiter goes awry when the spaceship’s computer (Rain) turns on the crew (Dullea, Lockwood).
	2 (critics), 6 (directors)	Vertigo	1958	Alfred Hitchcock	James Stewart, Kim Novak, Barbara Bel Geddes	A former cop (Stewart) is hired to follow a woman seemingly possessed by a past life (Novak).
	2 (directors), 3 (critics)	Citizen Kane	1941	Orson Welles	Orson Welles, Joseph Cotten, Dorothy Comingore	The life of a media baron (Welles) is examined through a reporter interviewing those who knew him in an effort to understand his enigmatic last word.
	3 (directors), 12 (critics)	The Godfather	1972	Francis Ford Coppola	Al Pacino, Marlon Brando, James Caan, Robert Duvall	Michael Corleone (Pacino), the one son in a Mafia family who was destined for American respectability, is drawn into his clan’s criminal affairs.
	4 (critics and directors)	Tokyo Story	1953	Ozu Yasujirō	Ryū Chishū, Higashiyama Chieko, Hara Setsuko	An elderly couple (Ryū, Higashiyama) realize their children have little room for them in their lives.
	5 (critics), 9 (directors)	In the Mood for Love	2000	Wong Kar-Wai	Tony Leung Chiu-wai, Maggie Cheung	In the 1960s a man (Leung) and a woman (Cheung) whose partners are having an affair with each other embark on an affair of their own.
	6 (directors), 31 (critics)	8½	1963	Federico Fellini	Marcello Mastroianni, Anouk Aimée, Sandra Milo	A director (Mastroianni) struggles with creative emptiness while trying to make his new film.
	7 (critics), 14 (directors)	Beau travail	1999	Claire Denis	Denis Lavant, Michel Subor, Gregoire Colin	A French Foreign Legion sergeant (Lavant) has his orderly existence disturbed by a new recruit (Colin).
	8 (critics), 22 (directors)	Mulholland Drive	2001	David Lynch	Naomi Watts, Laura Harring, Justin Theroux, Ann Miller	An aspiring actress (Watts) slips between dreams and reality in Hollywood.
	8 (directors), 31 (critics)	Mirror	1975	Andrey Tarkovsky	Margarita Terekhova, Ignat Daniltsev, Larisa Tarkovskaya	A poetic and impressionistic depiction of events inspired by Tarkovsky’s childhood.
	9 (critics), 30 (directors)	Man with a Movie Camera	1929	Dziga Vertov		“This film is an experiment in cinematic communication of real events without the help of intertitles, a story, or theatre.”—Vertov
	9 (directors), 17 (critics)	Close-up	1990	Abbas Kiarostami	Hossain Sabzian, Monoochehr Ahankhah, Mahrokh Ahankhah	A dramatic reenactment of a young, poor film buff (Sabzian) worming his way into a rich family by claiming to be a noted film director, in which all the participants play themselves.
	9 (directors), 18 (critics)	Persona	1966	Ingmar Bergman	Bibi Andersson, Liv Ullmann	An actress who has stopped talking (Ullmann) and her talkative nurse (Andersson) come into conflict while staying on an island.
	10 (critics), 52 (directors)	Singin’ in the Rain	1952	Stanley Donen and Gene Kelly	Gene Kelly, Donald O’Connor, Debbie Reynolds, Jean Hagen	A Hollywood star (Kelly) falls in love with an up-and-coming actress (Reynolds) during the transition from silents to sound, in what is regarded as the greatest Hollywood musical.

In 1962 Citizen Kane won the Sight & Sound poll and kept on winning, cementing its unofficial “greatest film of all time” status. However, other masterworks moved up and dethroned that film. Vertigo and Tokyo Story took the top critics’ and directors’ spot, respectively, in 2012, and Jeanne Dielman, 23 Quai du Commerce, 1080 Bruxelles and 2001: A Space Odyssey did in 2022. Interestingly, these changes seem to represent a march through film history, with a classic Hollywood film of the 1940s giving way to two films of the 1950s and then films from the 1960s and ’70s.

The popular: IMDb and Douban

Since the early days of the web, the Internet Movie Database (IMDb) has been one of the most popular sites for movie information. As of 2023 more than 200 million people visit the site each month, and there are more than 1 billion user ratings of films. As such, the favorite movies of IMDb users tend toward more popular Hollywood films than those of the critics and directors polled by Sight & Sound.

IMDb

	rank	title	year	director	starring	summary
	1	The Shawshank Redemption	1994	Frank Darabont	Tim Robbins, Morgan Freeman, Bob Gunton	A man wrongly convicted of murder (Robbins) holds on to what makes life worth living over decades in prison.
	2	The Godfather	1972	Francis Ford Coppola	Al Pacino, Marlon Brando, James Caan, Robert Duvall	Michael Corleone (Pacino), the one son in a Mafia family who was destined for American respectability, is drawn into his clan’s criminal affairs.
	3	The Dark Knight	2008	Christopher Nolan	Christian Bale, Heath Ledger, Michael Caine, Gary Oldman	The masked superhero Batman (Bale) battles the nihilistic supervillain the Joker (Ledger).
	4	The Godfather: Part II	1974	Francis Ford Coppola	Al Pacino, Robert Duvall, Diane Keaton, Robert De Niro	The sequel to The Godfather crosscuts between Michael Corleone (Pacino) cementing his rule over the family and flashbacks of how his father, Vito (De Niro), rose in the Mafia after coming to America.
	5	12 Angry Men	1957	Sidney Lumet	Henry Fonda, Martin Balsam, Lee J. Cobb, E.G. Marshall	A jury must decide if a teenager is guilty of murder and must be sentenced to death; one juror (Fonda) believes there is reasonable doubt.
	6	Schindler’s List	1993	Steven Spielberg	Liam Neeson, Ben Kingsley, Ralph Fiennes	Based on the true story of how German businessman Oskar Schindler (Neeson) saved more than a thousand Jews during the Holocaust.
	7	The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King	2003	Peter Jackson	Elijah Wood, Ian McKellen, Viggo Mortensen, Sean Astin	Two hobbits, Frodo and Sam (Wood, Astin), seek to destroy the Ring of Power while a great battle is fought in Middle Earth.
	8	Pulp Fiction	1994	Quentin Tarantino	John Travolta, Samuel L. Jackson, Uma Thurman, Bruce Willis	The lives of two hit men (Travolta, Jackson), a gangster’s wife (Thurman), and a boxer (Willis) collide and intertwine in Los Angeles.
	9	The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring	2001	Peter Jackson	Elijah Wood, Ian McKellen, Viggo Mortensen, Sean Astin	The hobbit Frodo (Wood) is tasked with carrying the Ring of Power to its destruction.
	10	The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly	1966	Sergio Leone	Clint Eastwood, Lee Van Cleef, Eli Wallach	The Man with No Name (Eastwood) tangles with a vicious killer (Van Cleef) and a sneaky bandit (Wallach) in the quest for a buried treasure of gold.

Many of IMDb’s users come from such English-speaking countries as the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada. For a different perspective, one can look at the top-rated films on Douban, a Chinese site for rating and discussing movies, books, and music. However, the influence of Hollywood is still very much present, with only one Chinese movie making the top 10.

Douban

	rank	title	year	director	starring	summary
	1	The Shawshank Redemption	1994	Frank Darabont	Tim Robbins, Morgan Freeman, Bob Gunton	A man wrongly convicted of murder (Robbins) holds on to what makes life worth living over decades in prison.
	2	Farewell My Concubine	1993	Chen Kaige	Leslie Cheung, Zhang Fengyi, Gong Li	In the early 20th century a tumultuous love triangle begins between Peking opera stars Dieyi and Xiaolou (Cheung, Zhang) and Xiaolou’s wife, Juxian (Li).
	3	Forrest Gump	1994	Robert Zemeckis	Tom Hanks, Robin Wright, Gary Sinise, Sally Field	Considered stupid by many, Forrest Gump (Hanks) keeps his optimistic attitude through the social turmoil of mid-20th-century America.
	4	Titanic	1997	James Cameron	Leonardo DiCaprio, Kate Winslet, Gloria Stuart, Billy Zane	A free-spirited artist (DiCaprio) and a sheltered heiress (Winslet) fall in love on the ill-fated ocean liner.
	5	Spirited Away	2001	Miyazaki Hayao	Hiiragi Rumi, Irino Miyu, Natsuki Mari	After Chihiro’s (Hiiragi) parents are turned into pigs, she must work at a bathhouse in the spirit world to free them.
	6	Léon: The Professional	1994	Luc Besson	Jean Reno, Natalie Portman, Gary Oldman	A hit man (Reno) takes a young girl (Portman) under his protection after her parents are murdered.
	7	Life Is Beautiful	1997	Roberto Benigni	Roberto Benigni, Nicoletta Braschi, Giorgio Cantarini	In a concentration camp a father (Benigni) tries to hide the horror of the Holocaust from his son (Cantarini) by convincing him it is just a game.
	8	Interstellar	2014	Christopher Nolan	Matthew McConaughey, Anne Hathaway, Michael Caine, Jessica Chastain	Astronauts travel through space via a wormhole to find a new home for humanity.
	9	Inception	2010	Christopher Nolan	Leonardo DiCaprio, Marion Cotillard, Elliot Page, Cillian Murphy	A thief who steals information from dreams (DiCaprio) is hired to do the opposite, implanting an idea in someone’s subconscious.
	10	The Truman Show	1997	Peter Weir	Jim Carrey, Laura Linney, Ed Harris, Natascha McElhone	A man (Carrey) chafes at the restrictions of his ordinary life, not suspecting that he is imprisoned in a gigantic studio filming his entire life for a TV show.

The future: Letterboxd

In 1920 the American magazine for movie fans Photoplay held a letter contest in which it asked its readers to name the best 12 movies of all time. Photoplay started the ball rolling with its own top 12 list. Of the films on the list, the most remembered today is D.W. Griffith’s pro-Ku Klux Klan epic The Birth of a Nation (1915), which is known both for its cinematic innovation and its racism. Some, such as Charlie Chaplin’s World War I comedy Shoulder Arms (1918), are known mainly to silent-film lovers. Two films, We Are French (1916) and The Miracle Man (1919), are lost. The rest have been forgotten.

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It is hard to say which films the future will regard as the best. Some of what is appreciated now may go the way of much of the Photoplay list. Some of those on the lists above were not initially appreciated on first release. Jeanne Dielman was regarded as an avant-garde oddity and did not have its American premiere until 1983, eight years after its release. The Shawshank Redemption was a box-office flop.

To hypothesize about what films future generations will regard as the best of all time, one should probably consider the opinions of the young. Among Gen Z film buffs, having an account on the movie-rating site Letterboxd is de rigueur, and the site has become a center of Internet film discussion. Even major filmmakers have joined the fray. Greta Gerwig came up with a list of 33 films that had influenced Barbie (2023), and Martin Scorsese posted a list of 59 films that he regarded as “companions” to his work. In the table below are the top 10 “narrative features” as determined by Letterboxd users, a mix of art-house classics and popular favorites that is something of a synthesis of the Sight & Sound and IMDb lists.

Letterboxd

	rank	title	year	director	starring	summary
	1	Harakiri	1962	Kobayashi Masaki	Nakadai Tatsuya, Ishihama Akira, Iwashita Shima	A poor rōnin (Nakadai) asks to commit ritual suicide in a castle courtyard and tells the assembled audience about a similar incident at the same castle.
	2	Come and See	1985	Elem Klimov	Alexei Kravchenko, Olga Mironova, Liubomiras Laucevečius	A young boy (Kravchenko) experiences the horrors of war during the Nazi occupation of Belarus.
	3	12 Angry Men	1957	Sidney Lumet	Henry Fonda, Martin Balsam, Lee J. Cobb, E.G. Marshall	A jury must decide if a teenager is guilty of murder and must be sentenced to death; one juror (Fonda) believes there is reasonable doubt.
	4	Seven Samurai	1954	Kurosawa Akira	Mifune Toshirō, Shimura Takashi, Inaba Yoshio	A poor village defends itself against bandits by hiring a group of samurai.
	5	The Godfather: Part II	1974	Francis Ford Coppola	Al Pacino, Robert Duvall, Diane Keaton, Robert De Niro	The sequel to The Godfather crosscuts between Michael Corleone (Pacino) cementing his rule over the family and flashbacks of how his father, Vito (De Niro), rose in the Mafia after coming to America.
	6	High and Low	1963	Kurosawa Akira	Mifune Toshirō, Nakadai Tatsuya, Shimura Takashi	A businessman on the edge of financial ruin (Mifune) must pay the ransom for his chauffeur’s kidnapped son.
	7	The Human Condition III: A Soldier’s Prayer	1961	Kobayashi Masaki	Nakadai Tatsuya, Aratama Michiyo, Nakamura Tamao	In the third part of a nine-hour trilogy, a Japanese soldier in Manchuria (Nakadai) tries to return home after World War II.
	8	Parasite	2019	Bong Joon-ho	Song Kang-ho, Lee Sun-kyun, Cho Yeo-jeong	A poor family inveigles itself into the lives of a rich family and discovers the secrets of their house.
	9	The Shawshank Redemption	1994	Frank Darabont	Tim Robbins, Morgan Freeman, Bob Gunton	A man wrongly convicted of murder (Robbins) holds on to what makes life worth living over decades in prison.
	10	The Godfather	1972	Francis Ford Coppola	Al Pacino, Marlon Brando, James Caan, Robert Duvall	Michael Corleone (Pacino), the one son in a Mafia family who was destined for American respectability, is drawn into his clan’s criminal affairs.