Amintore Fanfani

Amintore Fanfani (born February 6, 1908, Pieve Santo Stefano, Italy—died November 20, 1999, Rome) was a politician and teacher who served as Italy’s premier six times. He formed and led the centre-left coalition that dominated Italian politics in the late 1950s and ’60s.

A professor of economic history, Fanfani was elected to the Italian Constituent Assembly in 1946. The following year he became minister of labour and social security; in his three years in that post he promoted a plan for urban and rural reconstruction, including plans for workers’ housing and the organization of noncommunist labour unions. After having served as minister of agriculture (1951) and of the interior (1953), he formed his own cabinet in January 1954; it fell with the defeat of its program at the end of the month.

In July 1954 Fanfani was elected secretary-general of the Christian Democratic Party, whose left wing he led. His party’s victory in the 1958 general elections allowed him to form another cabinet, whose policy stressed moderate social reform and substantial spending on education. As both premier and foreign minister, he visited many foreign capitals and gained Italy’s election to the United Nations Security Council (October 8, 1958). Attacked by the right wing of the Christian Democratic Party, his government fell on January 26, 1959, and on February 1 he resigned as party head.

Fanfani returned as premier (July 1960–April 1963) after widespread public reaction against increasing neofascist activity, and in 1962 he formed a new cabinet, which leaned toward the left. Its policies stressed nationalizing electric-power generation, regional decentralization, and economic planning.

He was foreign minister in March 1965 and became president of the United Nations General Assembly (September 21, 1965) in preparation for the visit of Pope Paul VI. He was forced to resign as foreign minister in December 1965 after the premature disclosure of possible peace initiatives he had relayed to the United States from the North Vietnamese leader Ho Chi Minh. He resumed the post soon afterward, however, and held it from February 1966 to May 1968. In March 1972 he was appointed a life senator, one of five provided for in the Italian constitution. Fanfani was president of the Senate in 1968–73, 1976–82, and 1985–87. In 1971 he campaigned unsuccessfully for the national presidency but did hold the office as caretaker in 1978 after the resignation of Giovanni Leone. He served as premier for a fifth time from November 1982 to August 1983 and for a sixth and last time during April–July 1987.