Conrad IV

Conrad IV (born April 25, 1228, Andria, Italy—died May 21, 1254, Lavello) was the German king from 1237 and king of Sicily from 1251.

The son of Emperor Frederick II and his second wife, Isabella (Yolande) de Brienne, Conrad was heir to the Kingdom of Jerusalem through his mother; he was also invested by his father as duke of Swabia in 1235. At Vienna in February 1237 he was elected king of the Romans in place of his half-brother, Henry VII, who had rebelled against the Emperor in 1235. After Pope Gregory IX excommunicated Frederick II in 1239, Conrad was opposed by a growing papal party in Germany, led by the Archbishops Siegfried of Mainz and Conrad of Cologne. In 1245 Pope Innocent IV declared both Conrad and his father deposed and proclaimed a crusade against them. On Aug. 5, 1246, Conrad was defeated near Frankfurt by the antiking Henry Raspe. He continued to be supported, however, by the towns and by Otto II of Bavaria, whose daughter Isabella he married on Sept. 1, 1246. On Dec. 13, 1250, Frederick II died. Troubles in Sicily and the rising strength of the papal party in Germany under Henry Raspe’s successor, William of Holland, forced Conrad to abandon Germany for Sicily late in 1251, when he took the title of king of Sicily. Conrad’s position in Sicily was secured by his capture of Naples in October 1253, but his efforts to reach an understanding with the papacy failed.